The Experience of HIV Diagnosis Among Aboriginal People Living With HIV/AIDS and Depression

Objective: We aimed to determine Hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, immune status, and the prevalence of antibody response in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: The study includes PLWHA aged 18 years and older who were followed-up for at least 6 months from 1997 to 2018. Results: Of the 653 patients with PLWHA, 99 (15.2%) were both antiHBc-IgG and antiHBs positive, 120 (18.3%) were antiHBc-IgG positive/antiHBs negative. HBsAg was positive in 40 (6.1%) patients. HBsAg positive coinfection (≤40 years 4.6% vs. >40 years 21.7%, p<0.001) and antiHBc-IgG positivity/antiHBs negativity (≤40 years 14.0% vs. >40 years 26.5, p<0.001) were higher in PLWHA older than 40 years. The prevalence of HIV/HBV coinfection reached a peak level of 22.2% in 2004, and it decreased to 3.3% in 2018. The prevalence of immunization before HIV diagnosis was low (15.6%). The prevalence of antibody response (anti-HBs>10 IU/L) after immunization for HBV was 50%. A higher protective response was associated with CD4+≥350 cell/mm3 (59.3%, p=0.014). Conclusion: HBV coexistence in PLWHA remains an imperatively important problem. The most conclusive methods in solving this problem are to prevent transmission by immunization and control measures. Also, HBV screening should in no manner be neglected in PLWHA. Keywords: HIV; Hepatitis B; prevalence.

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Depression and its predictors among people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194528 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 4557

Author(s):

Rudramma J. ◽

Jannatbi Iti

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Severe Depression ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Clinical Predictors ◽

Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: HIV infection is one of the raising public health problems. HIV diagnosis is usually associated with stigma and often results in mental illness among the people infected. Depression is the most common mental illness in HIV patients as found by various studies. Hence the present study aimed to determine the proportion of depression and its socio-demographic and clinical predictors among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA).Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was done among 322 PLHA on Antiretroviral therapy attending ART centre at GIMS Teaching Hospital, Gadag. After taking written informed consent from the patients, a predesigned proforma which included socio-demographic variables, clinical details, and CD-4 count, along with patient health questionnaire (PHQ) 9 was administered to assess depression in PLHA.Results: Out of the 322 people living with HIV/AIDS, 108 (33.5%) had depressed. According to PHQ 9 questionnaire, 19.9% had mild depression, 10.6% moderate depression and 3.1% had moderate severe depression. It was noted that 40.3% of females had depression compared to 24.8% of males. PHLA who were on ART for less than one year had higher proportion of depression (61.1%) compared to those with 5 years duration of ART (28.6%) and it was statistically significant.Conclusions: In the study 33.5% of PHLA had depression. Socio-economic status, gender, duration of ART had significant association with depression whereas age, education, place of residence, CD4 count were not associated with depression. Depression screening among PHLA can be done at regular follows ups at ART centres.

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Driving Force of Covid-19 Among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Wuhan, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-53351/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Guo ◽

Fangzhao Ming ◽

Yu Dong ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

Lian Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocyte ◽

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Driving Force ◽

Driving Forces ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Hiv Viral Load ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Even people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) were considered to be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the driving force among this group of individuals is still not clear. Methods: We investigated 1,701 PLWHA through a telephone interview and found 11 COVID-19 patients in four districts of Wuhan, China. The demographic features and major clinical characteristics of these patients were retrieved from the information management systems for COVID-19 patients of four districts’ CDC. Statistical analysis was performed to find out the driving force of COVID-19 among PLWHA.Results: The incidence proportion of COVID-19 in PLWHA is 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2% - 1.0%), which is comparable to the overall population incidence rate in Wuhan city (0.6%). Nine out of the 11 COVID-19/AIDS patients had relatively high CD4+ T lymphocyte count (>200/μl) and undetectable HIV viral load (＜20 copies/ml), and ten of them were on antiretroviral therapy. PLWHA who were old, had low CD4+ T lymphocyte count, infected HIV through homosexual activity, and had been diagnosed for HIV for a long time, were more likely to develop COVID-19.Conclusions: PLWHA has comparable COVID-19 morbidity rates as the general population, and older age, low CD4 count, long length since HIV diagnosis, and treatment-naive were potential driving forces of COVID-19 occurrence among PLWHA. Strategies in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWHA with worse immune responses are needed. Article Summary Line: As COVID-19 continues to spread around the world, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are also at risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWHA in Wuhan, China.

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Comparison of Late HIV Diagnosis as a Marker of Care for Aboriginal Versus Non-Aboriginal People Living with HIV in Ontario

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2012/930289 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. e96-e102 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Denise Jaworsky ◽

LaVerne Monette ◽

Janet Raboud ◽

Doe O’Brien-Teengs ◽

Christina Diong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Aboriginal People ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Late Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Aboriginal Ethnicity ◽

Living With Hiv

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that Aboriginal people living with HIV/AIDS (APHAs) are more likely than non-APHAs to receive suboptimal HIV care, yet achieve similar clinical outcomes with proper care.OBJECTIVE: To compare the proportions of individuals diagnosed late with HIV between APHAs and non-APHAs within the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS).METHODS: The analysis included OCS participants who completed the baseline visit by November 2009. Two definitions of the outcome of late HIV diagnosis were used: the proportion of participants with an AIDS-defining illness (ADI) before or within three months of HIV diagnosis; and the proportion of participants with a CD4+count <200 cells/mL at diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between Aboriginal ethnicity and late HIV diagnosis.RESULTS: APHAs were more likely to be female and have lower income, education and employment. No statistically significant differences were noted in the proportions receiving a late HIV diagnosis defined by ADI (Aboriginal 5.2% versus non-Aboriginal 6.3%; P=0.40). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between Aboriginal ethnicity and late HIV diagnosis defined by CD4+count after adjusting for age and HIV risk factor (OR 1.55; P=0.04).DISCUSSION: APHAs were more likely to have a CD4+count <200 cells/mL at diagnosis but had similar clinical outcomes from late diagnosis when defined by ADI. However, differences may be underestimated due to recruitment limitations and selection bias.CONCLUSION: Additional work is needed to address the socioeconomic and health care needs of APHAs.

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Facilitators and Barriers Affecting Adherence Among People Living With HIV/AIDS: A Qualitative Perspective

Journal of Patient Experience ◽

10.1177/2374373518770805 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 33-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Syed Imran Ahmed ◽

Maryam Farooqui ◽

Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽

Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽

Christopher K C Lee

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Doctor Patient Communication ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Highly Active ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: It is widely accepted that for HIV-positive persons on highly active antiretroviral treatment, high levels of adherence to treatment regimens are essential for promoting viral suppression and preventing drug resistance. Objectives: This qualitative study examines factors affecting the adherence to HIV/AIDS treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS at a local hospital in Malaysia. Methods: The data from purposefully selected patients were collected by in-depth interviews using a pretested interview guide. Saturation was reached at the 13th interview. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim for analysis using thematic content analysis. Results: Fear and stigma of perceived negative image of HIV diagnosis, lack of disease understating, poor support from the community, and perceived severity or the treatment side effects were among the reasons of nonadherence. Appropriate education and motivation from the doctors and reduction in pill burden were suggested to improve adherence. Conclusion: Educational interventions, self-management, and peer and community supports were among the factors suggested to improve adherence. This necessitates uncovering efficient ways to boost doctor–patient communication and recognizing the role of support group for the social and psychological well-being of the patients.

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