A History of EI/ECSE in the United States: A Personal Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Bricker ◽  
Huichao Xie ◽  
Sharon Bohjanen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Early Childhood Special Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
Over Time

This article offers a view of the evolution of Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education (EI/ECSE) in the United States. This view of the field’s growth and change over time reflects the personal memories, experiences, and perspectives of Diane Bricker, who reviews the evolutionary changes in EI/ECSE based on her experiences with a range of theorists, scientists, and clinicians who affected the EI/ECSE profession both directly and indirectly. The challenge of succinctly summarizing the history of EI/ECSE required Bricker to make many difficult choices and prohibited recognizing many important contributors and events over the years. The following narrative of her presentation provides a powerful backdrop for the future of the field.

scholarly journals How Smokers Became Outlaws: An Application Of The Stakeholder Salience Model To A Social Problem

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Susan K. Key ◽  
Rosalia N. Scripa ◽  
Robert Juneau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Stakeholder Salience ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Smoking bans have gone from being essentially non-existent to being the norm over the course of the last 50 years. When some of these authors started teaching, it was the norm to smoke in the classroom, in hospitals, on airplanes, in prison and in the office. Times have changedsmoking is no longer allowed in these locations in the United States. In this paper, an overview of the history of smoking advocacy, the impacts of smoke-free legislation on different stakeholders, and changes in public perceptions of smoking are provided. Mitchell and Agles 1997 Stakeholder Salience Model are used to illustrate the changes over time in stakeholder status for both smokers and nonsmokers. The Mitchell Model could have been useful to predict the change in status that the two stakeholder groups experienced and the authors suggest that management should note the emergence of urgent stakeholders in the future, as they may gain salience in other matters that can impact company wealth. Firms have to be aware of both their customers needs (smokers) as well as other social movements that may affect the use of their product, such as nonsmoking legislation. This is the first paper to apply stakeholder salience, including the concepts of urgency, power, and legitimacy, to the changing fortunes of smokers. It looks at how smoking and smokers have gone from the norm in U.S. society to outlaw status.

Race, Space, Time

Peyote Effect ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
African American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short History ◽  
Spanish Inquisition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

We begin the book’s conclusion with the juxtaposition of two different stories of peyotism: the creation of an ecotourism business featuring Wixárika peyotism in Potrero de la Palmita, Nayarit, in 2010 and the short history of an African American peyotist church in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the 1920s. The former is licit, enjoying support by a state committed to economic development, while the latter faced constant threats from the police before collapsing, in part due to its members’ fear of arrest. These two stories remind us of the central roles that place and time play in the history of peyotism across the U.S.-Mexican border, but they also force us to consider the ways that ideas about race have informed the battles over peyote in Mexico and the United States. Particularly striking is the fact that the racial prohibitions enacted by the Spanish Inquisition resonate with current law. Also notable is the fact that Mexicans and Americans have deployed similar ideas about race over time in their battles over peyote. This speaks to the underlying anxieties that indigeneity evokes in both societies, as well as the role that indigenous subjects have played in the creation of whiteness in both the United States and Mexico.

scholarly journals Oral histories of Exum Mountain Guides who began guiding between 1947 and 1965

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Kimberly E. Giel ◽  
Yolonda Youngs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Office Staff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive History ◽  
Over Time

Exum Mountain Guides is the oldest climbing guide service in North America. Exum guides have been integral to the growth of guiding as a profession as well as mountaineering in Grand Teton National Park, across the United States, and internationally. However, no comprehensive history of the guides and the guide service exists, nor have individual stories been consistently captured. This project conducted oral histories with guides, clients, and staff of Exum Mountain Guides, and then used those interviews to look at the pathways taken to become a guide, common experiences and characteristics between the guides, and what guiding life was like for those guides who began guiding prior to 1965. Future research is needed to collect additional oral histories and analyze the histories of guides who began guiding after 1965, as well as those of office staff, clients, and others and investigate changes that have occurred over time.   Featured photo from Figure 1 in report.

A Short and Pointed History of Judicial Selection

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Charles Gardner Geyh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Judicial Selection ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jacksonian Democracy ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 2 places the current state of affairs in context, with a short history of judicial selection in the United States, touching on the five distinct methods of judicial selection that have evolved over time. It begins by discussing colonial rule and gubernatorial appointments, then moves to early statehood and legislative appointments. The Age of Jackson is then examined, in particular Jacksonian democracy and its aftermath, which saw the rise of partisan judicial elections. The chapter then discusses how the Populist-Progressive era ushered in the advent of nonpartisan and recall elections. Finally, it describes the merit selection movement in the twentieth century before concluding that in the modern era, the American judiciary has undergone a political transformation that has placed increasing emphasis on constraining independence and enhancing political control.

“Nothing Special to Offer the Negro”: Revisiting the “‘Debsian View’ of the Negro Question”

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSince the early twentieth century Eugene V. Debs and his essay “The Negro in the Class Struggle” have been cited repeatedly as examples of an alleged indifference among white radicals to African Americans and the historical significance of racism in the United States. A close reading of the essay reveals just the opposite. Not only did Debs support African Americans' struggle for equality, he believed that it was critical to the realization of America's democratic promise. That position alienated him from other white Socialists, but it won the admiration of African American radicals including W.E.B. Du Bois and A. Philip Randolph. This essay examines how Debs's essay came to be interpreted as a capitulation to racism and, over time, alleged indifference to African Americans and the significance of racism in the history of the United States.

scholarly journals Critical Disability Studies and ‘Inclusive’ Early Childhood Education: The Ongoing Divide

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Nicole Eilers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Disability Studies ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inclusive Early Childhood

Critical Disability Studies (cds) provokes the field of early childhood ‘inclusion’ to reflect on its own complex history in order to identify how ableism has played a central role in the field’s development. However, the fields of early childhood ‘inclusive’ education and cds remain largely distinct. This paper explores the ongoing separation between these fields in the context of the United States. I begin by providing a brief overview of the history of cds and early childhood ‘inclusive’ education as distinct fields. Then, I discuss the divide between these two fields, analyzing their contemporary states, and describing the factors that facilitate the distance between them.

scholarly journals A Brief History of Bank Capital Requirements in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Haubrich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Bank Capital ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Bank Capital Requirements

Modern capital requirements can appear to be overly complex, but they reflect centuries of practical experience, compromises between different regulators, and legal and financial systems that developed over time. This Commentary provides a historical perspective on current discussions of capital requirements by looking at how the understanding of bank capital and the regulations regarding its use have changed over time.

The United States and the World: A History of Connections in Early Childhood Education

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blythe E. Hinitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Nursery Schools ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postal Mail

As examples from this issue show, early education practice around the world has long been intertwined and the care and education provided for young children in most places draws at least in part from non-indigenous sources. A review of the articles reveals numerous parallels and even direct linkages between U.S. early childhood advocates and educators and each of the countries highlighted. Similarities are to be found, for example, in their patterns of development and in the impediments faced by the advocates and founders of day nurseries, kindergartens, and nursery schools in each country. Collaboration between early childhood educators in the United States and their counterparts around the world, beginning in the 1800s with ocean voyages and postal mail, has grown today with the use of modern technology and the continuation of consultative visits by U.S. experts to many lands.

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