What is Wilderness Therapy?

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith C. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Wilderness Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Wilderness Experience ◽  
Challenge Courses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shed Light

Despite a growing number of programs operating in the United States under the guise of “wilderness therapy,” a consistent and accepted definition is lacking. Rehabilitative, outdoor-based approaches, such as “challenge courses,” “adventure-based therapy,” or “wilderness experience programs,” are often used interchangeably to describe “wilderness therapy.” This paper attempts to shed light on this issue by presenting an integrated and consistent definition of wilderness therapy to guide program design and future research efforts. Three trends in the industry are also explored which support the notion that wilderness therapy programs are searching for recognition by state agencies, national accreditation agencies, insurance companies and mental health professionals. These trends support the idea that consistent wilderness therapy practices may be emerging which support the use of a consistent definition.

Experiences of secure transport in outdoor behavioral healthcare: A narrative inquiry

2021 ◽  
pp. 147332502110200
Author(s):  
Will W Dobud
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Wilderness Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Behavioral Healthcare ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare ◽  
Trauma Informed

Often synonymous with wilderness therapy, outdoor behavioral healthcare (OBH) is a residential treatment in the United States for young people, more than half of whom are sent via secure transport services. While empirical evidence suggests the secure transport of adolescents to OBH does not impact quantitative outcomes, limited research exists exploring client voice and the lived experience of OBH participants. This qualitative study, utilizing narrative inquiry, builds knowledge on experiences of secure transport services from nine past OBH adolescent participants. Findings are analyzed, interpreted, and discussed through a social work and trauma-informed lens. Recommendations for ethical practice, linking with human rights, and future research are provided.

Curriculum Development for Advancing Heritage Language Competence: Recent Research, Current Practices, and a Future Agenda

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 24-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimi Kondo-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Language Curriculum ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Definition Of

In the last few decades, research on teaching heritage language (HL) learners has expanded enormously and encouraged language professionals to work toward responsible curriculum development for this specific type of learners. This article suggests ways to expand current curriculum research and practices with the goal of advancing the HL competence of learners. To this end, this article examines the scope, trends, and issues in recent theoretical and practical studies concerning curriculum development for HL learners from various language backgrounds, especially those in the United States. A definition of HL learners is presented first, which is followed by a discussion of general second language curriculum development frameworks with specific reference to HL instruction. Then, the article examines the contexts, challenges, and possibilities for teaching HLs to school-age children in precollegiate programs. Next, it turns to a discussion of issues and recommendations for teaching postsecondary HL students. The article concludes by discussing curricular and pedagogical recommendations for HL professionals as well as a future research agenda that could promote the advancement of HL competence in all educational institutions.

Scoping Review of Nursing Case Management in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Young Joo ◽  
Diane L. Huber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Role Confusion

The purpose of this study is to identify issues of case management (CM) interventions in the United States in recent studies and to identify implications for future research into CM. This study was guided by the following framework for a scoping review. Multiple electronic databases were searched to identify studies published between 2007 and 2016 in the United States and related to nursing CM. Five weaknesses were identified: no clear and consistent definition of CM, lack of theoretical frameworks, lack of standard guidelines in CM practice, lack of precise CM dosage and of process measures, and limited reports of explicit role of nurse case managers and role confusion by nurses. Three strengths were also identified. More rigorous and continuous efforts to develop theoretical frameworks and evaluation tools, as well as clear definitions and precise role descriptions, are required for future research and practice into CM.

Watershed or bank-to-bank? Scales of governance and the geographic definition of Great Lakes Areas of Concern

2020 ◽  
pp. 251484862094389
Author(s):  
Ryan Holifield ◽  
Kathleen C Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Local Stakeholder ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Border

Much recent scholarship has addressed the rise of the watershed as the preferred scale for the governance of water quality. Although the watershed remains widely perceived as an ideal, “natural” scale of freshwater governance, arguments for the merits of alternative scales and multi-scalar approaches are gaining prominence. The Great Lakes Areas of Concern program, managed jointly by the United States and Canada, represents an important case in which the watershed has not prevailed as the default local scale of governance, at least in the 31 Areas of Concern located in the United States or straddling the international border. Based on a review of documents and analysis of a survey and interviews with key actors from local Areas of Concern, we find considerable variation among U.S. states in the designation of Areas of Concern as watersheds and partial watersheds, bank-to-bank watercourse segments, or hybrids of both. This variation depends not only on the differing biophysical conditions at Areas of Concern but also on differences in the latitude that state agencies gave to local stakeholder groups when the geographical extent of each Areas of Concern was designated and negotiated. In several cases, questions about the appropriate scale of the Areas of Concern led to controversy, with implications for subsequent remediation. We contend that understanding the uneven embrace of the watershed as a scale of water governance requires attending not only to specific governance objectives but also to variations in the relationships between local and subnational scales in governance programs.

Judicial Diversity in France: The Unspoken and the Unspeakable

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (04) ◽  
pp. 1542-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Diversity ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Shed Light

Despite the importance of judicial diversity for litigants and the broader public, no previous study has examined this issue within the French judiciary. This article begins to fill this gap by using original, qualitative data that shed light on judges’, prosecutors', and other legal actors' discourses on racial, ethnic, and sexual diversity. Its main contribution is to show that these legal professionals deploy three strategies—linguistic, institutional, and geographic—to dodge or downplay the relevance of race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. The first, linguistic, form of avoidance lies in refusing to name and discuss race and ethnicity explicitly; the second, institutional, in denying that the judiciary has a diversity problem or that the problem lies within its power; and the third, geographic, consists in relegating the issue of diversity to distant places—the United States and overseas France. The article concludes by discussing key directions for future research.

Configuring a Construct Definition of Teacher Working Conditions in the United States: A Systematic Narrative Review of Researcher Concepts

2021 ◽  
pp. 003465432098561
Author(s):  
Becca C. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Teacher Working Conditions ◽  
Construct Definition ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Definition Of

Teacher working conditions (TWCs) are, in many ways, student learning conditions. Furthermore, they have also been linked to teacher retention. These connections make TWCs important to understand; yet there is no accepted construct definition delineating and defining what TWCs are. Through a systematic review and narrative synthesis of literature from the United States, I define TWCs and organize the topics that emerged from the literature into a catalog of TWCs. After defining what TWCs are, I employ findings from the narrative synthesis to discuss what TWCs are not. Additionally, I document sources of variation in operationalizing TWCs as well as areas of homogeneity in how researchers study TWCs. I find that researchers agree on the underlying concept of TWCs, vary widely in how they decompose the concept, and overwhelmingly use survey methods to study TWCs. Last, I offer three suggestions to consider in future research.

Diversity Leadership in the Community College

2013 ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
RaShaunda V. Sterling ◽  
James R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Community College Student ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community College Leadership ◽  
College Leadership ◽  
Community College Administrators ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diversity Leadership

The chapter examines the disconnection between the diversity of community college students and community college administrators. The history of community colleges in the United States is presented, along with the demographics of the typical community college student. A definition of leadership is provided, and theories of diversity leadership are discussed. Methods of producing greater diversity at the administrative level are also explained. In particular, Kotter’s eight-stage model for organizational change is presented as a means of altering a college’s culture to promote greater diversity leadership. Further, strategies that can be used to increase diversity in community college leadership, with an emphasis on the role that technology can play in promoting diversity leadership, are presented. Directions for future research are shared.

scholarly journals Meditation interventions among heart failure patients: An integrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 720-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Viveiros ◽  
Brianna Chamberlain ◽  
Aminda O’Hare ◽  
Kristen A Sethares
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Heart Failure Symptom ◽  
Definition Of

Background: There has been growing interest in meditation techniques as an intervention in chronic disease populations. Little is known of the effect meditation practice has on outcomes among patients with heart failure. Purpose: To identify and examine current literature on meditation interventions on heart failure outcomes. Method: The review utilized methods described by Whittemore and Knafl. Three electronic databases were searched through March 2018. Terms used were “mindfulness OR meditation” and “heart failure” in combination, generating 58 articles after duplicates were removed. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, six studies qualified for review, including four articles with samples from the United States and two with samples from Brazil and Sweden, respectively. Results: Among the six studies in the final sample, the total number of participants was 320 heart failure patients. Interventional design and length varied among the studies, and 20 different dependent variables were identified. This study distinguished four categories of outcome measures with significant findings: psychosocial, biophysical, quality of life and heart failure symptom burden. Compared with controls meditation practice significantly improved depression ( p<.05), social support ( p<.05), biophysical factors and quality of life ( p<.05), in addition to reducing heart failure symptom burden. Across-study comparisons were limited due to variation in intervention definitions and designs. Additionally, the intervention dose and reporting method varied, limiting comparisons. The sample size in five out of six studies was fewer than 50 participants. Over 20 different measures were used across the six studies to measure outcome variables. Conclusion: Meditation may offer a patient-driven practice to reduce heart failure symptoms as well as improve psychosocial wellness and quality of life. Future research among heart failure patients should include the following: rigorous definition of meditation interventions, consistency in intervention characteristics, larger controlled trials, and standardized outcome instruments.

The Current State of Knowledge in International Business in Producer Services

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1153-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bagchi-Sen ◽  
J Sen
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Producer Services ◽  
Entry Modes ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Producer Service ◽  
Definition Of

In this paper the authors review recent research on the characteristics and operations of service multinationals. To provide an understanding of the determinants of internationalization, entry modes, and strategies of product and market diversification, examples are taken from producer service firms with specific emphasis upon accounting and advertising services. The competitive advantage of service multinationals in the United States and Western Europe is at the core of most discussion; however, the competitive strategies of the Japanese advertising firms vis-à-vis their Western counterparts are discussed to highlight interorganizational differences. This paper is organized into five sections: the definition of services and the determinants of growth in producer services in the industrially advanced nations; theoretical explanations of international investments in services; empirical research on the determinants of internationalization, entry mode, and business strategies of service firms; industry-specific examples of competitiveness in accounting and advertising; and implications for future research.

Components of Hostile Masculinity and Their Associations With Male-Perpetrated Sexual Aggression Toward Women: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110302
Author(s):  
Travis N. Ray ◽  
Michele R. Parkhill
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Definition Of

Hostile masculinity and its components (i.e., sexual dominance, hostility toward women, adversarial sexual beliefs, rape myth acceptance, and acceptance of interpersonal violence) have received considerable research attention as predictors of male-perpetrated sexual aggression toward women. The current systematic review sought to synthesize and organize the extant literature. Studies were included in the systematic review if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal between the years 1990 and 2020, contained a male sample within the United States, analyzed quantitative data, and examined at least one component of hostile masculinity and its association with sexual aggression. Literature searches were conducted in three academic databases, and additional records were identified through references sections from known hostile masculinity research. A total of 95 articles met inclusion criteria and were integrated into the overview of results. The reviewed literature provided broad support for the association between hostile masculinity and sexual aggression, including evidence for the theoretical framework posited by the confluence model of sexual aggression. Prevention efforts are likely to find success by modifying hostile masculine characteristics among men, particularly within problematic environmental contexts. However, the review also highlighted the need for a uniform conceptualization and operational definition of hostile masculinity. Additionally, empirical work with diverse samples is necessary to determine the scope of generalizability and potential subcultural distinctions. Future research that addresses these limitations will contribute to the understanding and prevention of sexual aggression beyond what is provided by the extant literature.

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