Cardiovascular Disease Risk Predicts Health Perception in Prison Inmates

We hypothesized that risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) would be associated with worse health perceptions in prison inmates. This study included 362 inmates recruited from four medium security prisons in Kentucky. Framingham Risk Score was used to estimate the risk of developing CVD within the next 10 years. A single item on self-rated health from the Medical Outcomes Survey–Short Form 36 was used to measure health perception. Multinomial logistic regression showed that for every 1-unit increase in Framingham Risk Score, inmates were 23% more likely to have rated their health as fair/poor and 11% more likely to rate their health as good rather than very good/excellent. These findings demonstrate that worse health perceptions may serve as a starting point for discussing cardiovascular risk factors and prevention with inmates.

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Prediksi Tingkat Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskuler Aterosklerotik pada Pasien yang Berobat di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.5.2.2017.18284 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Engelin E. Emor ◽

Agnes L. Panda ◽

Janry Pangemanan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Score ◽

Framingham Risk Score ◽

Low Risk ◽

Risk Level ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Framingham Risk

Abstract: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque on the artery wall causing dysfunction of anatomical and hemodynamic system of the heart and blood flow. There are many risk factors that cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease which are divided into modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors. Prevention of this disease can be achieved with early detection, such as prediction the risk level of 10 years ahead of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). This study was aimed to obtain the risk level of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients at Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado by using their medical records from September to October 2017. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. There were 100 samples obtained by using conclusive sampling technique. Of the 100 patients, 42 (42%) patients had low risk, 27 (27%) patients had moderate risk, and 31 (31%) patients had high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in 10 years ahead. Conclusion: In this study, the highest percentage was in patients with low risk, followed by patients with high risk, and moderate risk.Keywords: ASCVD, Framingham Risk Score, Risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular sisease. Abstrak: Penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh adanya timbunan plak pada dinding arteri sehingga menyebabkan gangguan fungsional, anatomis serta sistem hemodinamis jantung dan pembuluh darah. Terdapat banyak faktor risiko yang menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik yang dibagi menjadi faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi dan yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi. Pencegahan penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan deteksi dini, salah satunya yaitu dengan memrediksi tingkat risiko 10 tahun kedepan terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik dengan menggunakan Framingham Risk Score. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler ateroskerotik pada pasien di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan data rekam medik pasien Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode September - Oktober 2017. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 100 orang dengan teknik pengambilan conclusive sampling. Terdapat 42 pasien (42%) dengan tingkat risiko rendah, 27 pasien (27%) dengan risiko sedang, dan 31 pasien (31%) dengan risiko tinggi terkena penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik 10 tahun kedepan. Simpulan: Pada studi ini, persentase tertinggi ialah pasien dengan tingkat risiko rendah terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik, diikuti tingkat risiko tinggi dan risiko sedang.Kata kunci: ASCVD, Framingham Risk Score, tingkat risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler aterosklerotik

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Monocyte subtype counts are associated with 10-year cardiovascular disease risk as determined by the Framingham Risk Score among subjects of the LIFE-Adult study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0247480

Author(s):

Samira Zeynalova ◽

Karolin Bucksch ◽

Markus Scholz ◽

Maryam Yahiaoui-Doktor ◽

Melanie Gross ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Score ◽

Framingham Risk Score ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Adult Study ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Framingham Risk

Coronary heart disease, an inflammatory disease, is the leading cause of death globally. White blood cell counts (including monocytes) are easily available biomarkers of systemic inflammation. Monocyte subtypes can be measured by flow cytometry and classified into classical (CD14high, CD16neg), intermediate (CD14high, CD16+) and non-classical (CD14+, CD16high) with distinct functional properties. The goal of this study was to investigate the association of monocyte total count and its subtypes with cardiovascular risk groups defined by the Framingham Risk Score, which is used to estimate the 10-year risk of developing myocardial infarction or predict mortality following coronary heart disease. We also aimed to investigate whether monocyte counts are associated with relevant cardiovascular risk factors not included in the Framingham Risk Score, such as carotid atherosclerotic plaque and intima-media thickness. Our data came from the LIFE-Adult study, a population-based cohort study of 10,000 randomly selected participants in Leipzig, Germany. Data was gathered using self-administered questionnaires and physical examinations. Carotid plaques and intima-media thickness were measured using carotid artery sonography. Monocyte subtypes in blood were determined by 10-color flow cytometry for a total of 690 individuals. In a multivariate regression analysis adjusting for the risk factors BMI, intima-media thickness, presence of carotid plaques and diabetes mellitus, monocyte subtypes and total count were found to be significantly associated with the dichotomized Framingham Risk Score (≥10% versus <10%): Odds ratios [95% confidence interval] for monocyte subtypes: classical: 11.19 [3.79–34.26]; intermediate: 2.27 [1.11–4.71]; non-classical: 4.18 [1.75–10.20]; total: 14.59 [4.61–47.95]. In absence of prospective data, the FRS was used as a surrogate for CHD. Our results indicate that monocyte counts could provide useful predictive value for cardiovascular disease risk.

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A comparative study of cardiovascular disease risk among bus drivers and bus conductors of a state transport corporation in North Goa

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 3023

Author(s):

Shefalee Pai Vernekar ◽

Hemangini Kishore Shah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Score ◽

Framingham Risk Score ◽

Bus Drivers ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Framingham Risk ◽

The Difference ◽

Bus Conductors

Background: Bus drivers and bus conductors are predisposed to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks.Driving for long duration involves prolonged sitting, which enforces sedentary behavior among drivers in comparison to conductors who have the freedom to move aboutBackground: Bus drivers and bus conductors are predisposed to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks.Driving for long duration involves prolonged sitting, which enforces sedentary behavior among drivers in comparison to conductors who have the freedom to move about in the bus. The aim and objectives of the study were to identify selected risk factors for CVDs among bus drivers and bus conductors; to estimate the CVDs risk among them using Framingham risk score and to study the difference of risk factors and CVDs risk between bus drivers and conductors.Methods: The present study was a comparative cross-sectional study among 105 bus drivers and 105 bus conductors at the Panaji bus depot of Goa. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data along with anthropometric, clinical examination and blood investigations. The Framingham risk score with BMI and lipids was used to compare the CVD risk.Results: Higher percentage of bus drivers had diabetes, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. When the CVD risk was compared using the Framingham risk score, 63.8% bus drivers had intermediate-high CVD risk using FRS-BMI compared to 46.7% bus conductors and the difference is found to be significant. Using FRS- lipids, 65.7% bus drivers had intermediate-high risk compared to 53.3% bus conductors.Conclusions: The behavioral risk factors for CVD were higher among bus drivers compared to bus conductors. in the bus. Aims and objectives: 1) To identify selected risk factors for CVDs among bus drivers and bus conductors 2) To estimate the CVDs risk among them using Framingham risk score 3)To study the difference of risk factors and CVDs risk between bus drivers and conductors.Methods: The present study is a comparative cross sectional study among 105 bus drivers and 105 bus conductors at the Panaji bus depot of Goa. A predesigned semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data along with anthropometric, clinical examination and blood investigations. The Framingham risk score with BMI and Lipids was used to compare the CVD riskResults:Higher percentage of bus drivers had diabetes, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. When the CVD risk was compared using the Framingham risk score, 63.8 % bus drivers had intermediate-high CVD risk using FRS-BMI compared to 46.7 % bus conductors and the difference is found to be significant. Using FRS-Lipids, 65.7 % bus drivers had intermediate-high risk compared to 53.3 % bus conductors.Conclusion: The behavioural risk factors for CVD were higher among bus drivers compared to bus conductors.

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The utility of coronary artery calcium in non-gated high resolution CT thorax scans in predicting cardiac events as compared to the Framingham risk score: a retrospective study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

S Saluja ◽

H Contractor ◽

M Daniells ◽

J Sobolewska ◽

K Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Risk Score ◽

Framingham Risk Score ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

End Point ◽

Framingham Risk ◽

Good Concordance

Abstract Background There is existing evidence to suggest a correlation between coronary artery calcification (CAC) measured using ECG-triggered chest computed tomography and cardiovascular disease. Further evidence has emerged to suggest a correlation between CAC measured using non-gated CT scans and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we sought to ascertain the utility of incidental findings of CAC on non-triggered high resolution CT (HRCT) thorax used for patients undergoing lung cancer screening or follow-up for interstitial lung disease and Framingham risk score (FRS) in predicting cardiovascular events. Methods The Computerised Radiology Information Service (CRIS) database was manually searched to determine all HRCT scans performed in a single trust from 05/2015 to 05/2016. The reports issued by Radiologists and images of selected studies were reviewed. For patients with CAC, we calculated the calcium score for patients using the Agatston method. Clinical events were determined from the electronic medical record without knowledge of patients' CAC findings. For these patients, the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was also calculated. The primary end point of the study was composite of all-cause mortality and cardiac events (non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, new atrial fibrillation or heart failure episode requiring hospitalization). Results We selected 300 scans from a total of approximately 2000 scans performed over this time. Data at follow up was available for 100% of the patients, with a median duration of follow up of 1.6 years. Moderate to severe CAC was found in 35% of people. Multivariable analysis showed good concordance between CAC and FRS in predicting composite clinical end point. The Odds Ratio for cardiac events in patients with moderate to severe CAC was 5.3 (p<0.01) and for composite clinical end point was 3.4 (p<0.01). This is similar to the OR predicted by the FRS: 4.8; p<0.01 and 3.1; p<0.01 respectively. Only 6.2% of patients with moderate to severe CAC were currently statin treated. Conclusion In this retrospective study of patients with respiratory disease attending for HRCT scanning, co-incidentally detected CAC predicts cardiac events, with good concordance with the FRS. The incidental finding of CAC on non-gated CT scanning should be reported with Agatston score calculation allowing consideration of intervention to mitigate cardiovascular risk and optimize. Further multi-centre prospective studies of this strategy, with a larger patient cohort should be conducted to clarify the utility of CAC as a prediction tool to modify cardiac risk. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Abstract P332: Framingham Risk Score to Predict Subsequent Coronary Artery Calcification in a Young Adult Population

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p332 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jia Pu ◽

Dave Vanness ◽

Heather Johnson ◽

David Kreling ◽

Henry Young ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

African American ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Risk Score ◽

African American Males ◽

Framingham Risk Score ◽

Adult Population ◽

Framingham Risk ◽

Young Adult Population ◽

Subclinical Cvd

Introduction: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) has been identified as an independent predictor of coronary events, suggesting the potential use of CAC for risk assessment in asymptomatic individuals. However, ionizing radiation exposure associated with CAC CT scans remains a concern. If elevated risk for developing subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) could be identified based on less invasive risk assessment, such as the Framingham risk score, intensified prevention and screening services could be provided to this targeted population. Hypothesis: This study aims to assess the association between the Framingham risk score in early adulthood and subsequent subclinical CVD measured by CAC. Additional risk factors including demographics, socioeconomic status and health behaviors were tested in terms of their capabilities to enhance prediction of subclinical CVD beyond the Framingham risk score. Methods: This study used the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) data, with a total of 5,115 Caucasian and African American males and females. Information collected at examination year 10 was used to calculate the Framingham risk score. CAC was measured ten years later (examination year 20). Participants’ demographics, health behaviors (alcohol consumption, BMI, and exercise), socioeconomic status and medical needs at year 10 were identified as potential risk factors associated with the subsequent presence of CAC beyond the Framingham risk score. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the adjusted association between CAC, Framingham risk score and proposed risk factors. Model comparison was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results: By year 20, CAC was present in 19% of the CARDIA population. The Framingham risk score in young adulthood was strongly associated with the subsequent presence of CAC ten years later, regardless of race and gender. Overall, 42% of the CARDIA participants with elevated Framingham risk scores at year 10 had CAC at year 20, compared to 16% of participants with normal scores. The Framingham risk score may underestimate the risk of CAC for males compared to females (Negative Predictive Value: 75% vs. 91%). Beyond the Framingham risk score, the subsequent presence of CAC was associated with being overweight or obese in all populations, at-risk alcohol consumption in African American males, and having high school level or lower education and financial hardship in African American females. Conclusions: Our findings support the potential use of the Framingham risk score as a screening tool for subsequent subclinical atherosclerosis in a young adult population. However, other gender-specific risk factors beyond the Framingham risk score such as obesity also may be important to better predict subclinical CVD risk, especially in male populations.

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P4450Atherosclerosis in women with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without nephritis

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0850 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

T Panafidina ◽

T V Popkova ◽

D S Novikova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Risk Score ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Framingham Risk Score ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Framingham Risk ◽

Coronary Events

Abstract Background Nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a factor contributing to early development of atherosclerosis (AS). Objectives The aim of the study is to determine differences in cardiovascular risk factors and AS in SLE pts with and without lupus nephritis (LN). Methods The study included 162 females, age 35 [26–43] years (median [interquartile range 25–75%])) with SLE (ACR,1997). We divided SLE pts on two groups, comparable in age: the 1st group is the pts with LN (n=84, 52%), the 2nd - without LN (n=78, 48%). We considered traditional factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD): (smoking, family history of CVD, blood pressure, cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels, body mass index, diabetes mellitus) and SLE-related factors (age at onset, duration, clinical features, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index (SLICC/DI), treatment with steroids); intima-media thickness (IMT) and the 10-year risk for coronary events. Carotid intima-media wall thickness of common carotid arteries was measured by high resolution B-mode ultrasound. The 10-year risk for coronary events was estimated by the Framingham risk equation. Results Median SLE duration was 8,0 [2,3–17,0] years, SLEDAI 2K – 8 [3–16], SLICC/DI score – 2 [0–3], duration of prednisone treatment – 72 [26–141] months. SLE pts from the 1st group had higher prevalence of hypertension (61% vs 36%, p<0,01), systolic blood pressure (130 [110–150] vs 120 [110–130]mm Hg, p<0,01), diastolic blood pressure (80 [70–95] vs 70 [70–80] mm Hg, p<0,05), TG concentration (136 [98–184] vs 100 [61–162] mg/dl, p<0,01), Framingham Risk Score (5 [1–30] vs 1 [1–27]%, p<0,05), SLEDAI-2K (12 [5–19] vs 4 [2–10], p<0,ehz745.08501), SLICC/DI score (2 [0–4] vs 0 [0–2], p<0,01), prednisone therapy duration (95 [26–192] vs 44 [14–98] months, p<0,05), prednisone cumulative dose (34,4 [13,6–82,5] vs 15,7 [6,2–35,2] g, p<0,001), mean IMT (0,73 [0,65–0,83] vs 0,67 [0,61–0,75] mm, p<0,01), than the pts from the 2nd group. There is no difference in CVD frequency in these groups (17% vs 8%, p=0,084). Conclusions SLE patients with and without LN had no difference in frequency of clinical manifestations of AS (CVD), but had a greater value of mean IMT, Framingham Risk Score and a higher incidence of both traditional (hypertension, TG concentration) and SLE-related (disease activity, prednisone therapy) risk factors for AS.

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