scholarly journals Facial Expressiveness in Infants With and Without Craniofacial Microsomia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakia Hammal ◽  
Jeffrey F. Cohn ◽  
Erin R. Wallace ◽  
Carrie L. Heike ◽  
Craig B. Birgfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Facial Action ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Craniofacial Microsomia ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Facial Expressiveness

Objective: To compare facial expressiveness (FE) of infants with and without craniofacial microsomia (cases and controls, respectively) and to compare phenotypic variation among cases in relation to FE. Design: Positive and negative affect was elicited in response to standardized emotion inductions, video recorded, and manually coded from video using the Facial Action Coding System for Infants and Young Children. Setting: Five craniofacial centers: Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Illinois–Chicago, and University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill. Participants: Eighty ethnically diverse 12- to 14-month-old infants. Main Outcome Measures: FE was measured on a frame-by-frame basis as the sum of 9 observed facial action units (AUs) representative of positive and negative affect. Results: FE differed between conditions intended to elicit positive and negative affect (95% confidence interval = 0.09-0.66, P = .01). FE failed to differ between cases and controls (ES = –0.16 to –0.02, P = .47 to .92). Among cases, those with and without mandibular hypoplasia showed similar levels of FE (ES = –0.38 to 0.54, P = .10 to .66). Conclusions: FE varied between positive and negative affect, and cases and controls responded similarly. Null findings for case/control differences may be attributable to a lower than anticipated prevalence of nerve palsy among cases, the selection of AUs, or the use of manual coding. In future research, we will reexamine group differences using an automated, computer vision approach that can cover a broader range of facial movements and their dynamics.

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic Restrictions in Italy. The Mediating Role of the Fear of COVID-19 in the Relationship between Positive and Negative Affect with Positive and Negative Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-710
Author(s):  
Andrea Zammitti ◽  
Chiara Imbrogliera ◽  
Angela Russo ◽  
Rita Zarbo ◽  
Paola Magnano
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

Italy was quickly hit hard by the coronavirus. ‘Lockdown’ has significantly impacted the psychological health, personal wellbeing and quality of life of the people. The study aims to explore the relationship between positive and negative affect, as well as positive (spiritual well-being and flourishing) and negative outcomes (psychological distress caused by a traumatic life event in terms of perception of PTSD symptoms) on Italian adults during the lockdown period. Data was collected between April and May 2020. The participants were 281 Italian adults aged between 18 and 73 years. The survey was composed of the following measures: Flourishing Scale, Jarel Spiritual Well-Being scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Impact of Event Scale—Revised, Fear of COVID-19. The mediational analysis shows that fear of COVID-19 fully mediates the relationship between negative affect and spiritual well-being and flourishing; fear of COVID-19 partially mediates the relationship between negative affect and PTSD symptoms; the positive affect shows only direct effects on positive outcomes. Therefore, fear of COVID-19 does not play any mediation role. Implications for psychological interventions and future research will be discussed.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT EQUIVALENCE OF THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT SCHEDULE BETWEEN YOUNG-MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S705-S705
Author(s):  
Jeongwoo Lee ◽  
En-Jung Shon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Middle Aged

Abstract A Short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-SF) has been widely used to measure of affect in diverse cultural groups. Limited studies have been evaluated the measurement equivalence test of PANAS-SF in diverse age groups. This study examined whether parameters in the measurement model (two-factor model: positive and negative affect) is equivalent across the two age generations (young-middle aged: <65 years [n=1,122]; older adults : ≥65 years [n=1,817]). The sample was obtained from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study and Multiple Group Analysis was performed. The five items of determined, enthusiastic, inspired, alert, and excited reflected positive affect; and the five items of afraid, upset, scared, nervous, and distressed reflected negative affect. The configural model reported acceptable fit (X2= 904.98 [df = 64, p < .001], X 2/df =14.14, CFI =.93, GFI=.94, RMSEA=.06 [90% CI=.06 - .07]). When all factor loadings were constrained, it indicated measurement non-invariance status between young-middle aged and older adults (ΔX 2 = 56.03, Δdf = 8, p< .001, CFI=.93, ΔCFI=.004). Given findings of non-invariance on the full constrained model, the invariance test of each factor loading was performed additionally. Majority of negative items (Afraid, upset, scared, and nervous) and several positive items (determined and excited) were nonequivalent between the two groups. Variances in the measure between two age groups raise a number of issues for future research on affect assessment, suggesting cautious using of PANAS-SF in older adults.

scholarly journals Physicians’ Perceptions of Stakeholder Influence on Discharge Timing in a Children’s Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1987859
Author(s):  
Lea M. Bornstein ◽  
Sara E. Landers ◽  
Susan L. Rosenthal ◽  
Teresa A. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Patient Discharge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Stakeholder Influence ◽  
Stakeholder Pressure ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Physician Stress ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Attending Physicians

Attending physicians (N = 53) at a nonprofit, university-affiliated academic children’s hospital completed a survey about how key stakeholders affect timing of patient discharge beyond attending assessment of medical stability. Physicians perceived families and hospital administration as more often having an impact on discharge timing than they should and perceived members of the care team and peer physicians/consultants as less frequently having an impact than they should. All but one physician reported discharging a patient either earlier or later than they felt was appropriate due to pressure from at least one stakeholder group; almost all physicians had done so in response to pressure from families. When physicians changed discharge timing based on stakeholder pressure, they tended to extend hospital stay except in the case of administrative pressure. These findings highlight the need for improvements in communication regarding discharge goals and for future research on how navigating competing interests affect physician stress.

scholarly journals Mucin 4: A Sensitive Diagnostic Marker for Pediatric Mucoepidermoid CarcinomaNick Shillingford

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Postel M S ◽  
◽  
Julia T Chu ◽  
Henry H Tran ◽  
Shamlal Mangray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity ◽  
Muc4 Expression ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Expression Score ◽  
Sensitive Marker

Background: Pediatric salivary gland-type neoplasms (SGTNs) pose a significant diagnostic problem due to histo-morphological heterogeneity. Previous reports have shown that Mucin 4 (MUC4) expression is associated with adult mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). We hypothesize that MUC4 is also a sensitive marker for distinguishing MEC from other SGTNs in the pediatric population. Objective: To evaluate MUC4 expression in pediatric SGTNs. Methods: A retrospective review of 74 SGTNs diagnosed between 1993–2015 at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Rhode Island Hospital was performed. H&E sections of 31 MECs were compared to 3 adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs), 6 acinic cell carcinomas (AcCCs), 30 pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), 3 mammary analogue secretory carcinomas (MASCs), and one sialoblastoma (SB). Samples underwent immunohistochemical staining for MUC4, with expression score criteria: 0% positivity = 0, 1-10% = +, 11-50% = ++, 51-90% = +++, >90% = ++++. Results: All MECs were MUC4-positive, with 25 (80.65%) having an expression score ≥ +++. AdCCs and PAs demonstrated no to minimal MUC4-positivity. Subsets of AcCCs and MASCs were unexpectedly MUC4-positive. As a novel marker for pediatric MEC, MUC4’s sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 79.41%, positive predictive value = 75.86%, and negative predictive value = 100%. Conclusion: MUC4 is a sensitive marker for pediatric MEC

scholarly journals Appreciation (Including Gratitude) and Affective Well-Being: Appreciation Predicts Positive and Negative Affect Above the Big Five Personality Factors and Demographics

SAGE Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401881862 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Fagley
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality Factors

This study investigated the relation between appreciation and positive and negative affect, controlling for gender, age, ethnicity, and Big Five personality factors. Appreciation consists of several aspects, including a focus on what one has (“have” focus), awe, gratitude, and interpersonal appreciation. Undergraduates ( N = 236) completed an online survey containing the Appreciation Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Big Five Inventory (BFI). The Big Five traits accounted for 38% and 43% of the variance in positive and negative affect, respectively, beyond demographics. Appreciation accounted for 9% ( p < .001) and 4.6% ( p < .05) of the variance in positive and negative affect, respectively, beyond demographics and the Big Five. The “have” focus aspect of appreciation, which represents noticing, focusing on, and valuing what one has, accounted for significant unique variance in both positive and negative affect. Gratitude did not. Future research is needed to determine how broadly these results generalize.

Relationship between Self-Efficacy, Wrestling Performance, and Affect Prior to Competition

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren C. Treasure ◽  
Jeffrey Monson ◽  
Curt L. Lox
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Male High School ◽  
Efficacy Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between self-efficacy, wrestling performance, and affect prior to competition. 15 minutes prior to competition, 70 male high school wrestlers (M = 16.03 years) completed a self-efficacy assessment, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), and the Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety Inventory-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990). Self-efficacy was found to be significantly associated with positive and negative affect and cognitive and somatic anxiety. Consistent with social cognitive theory, self-efficacy was a stronger predictor of performance when the measure was process oriented rather than win-loss. The findings suggest that confusion and equivocality in the literature could be removed if researchers assessed self-efficacy in a microanalytical fashion. Future research investigating the affective antecedents of performance should go beyond merely assessing negative states and recognize the potential role positive affect may play in sport behavior.

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