Measurement of Nasalance Scores Without Touching the Philtrum for Better Comfort During Speech Assessment and Therapy: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562095334
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Yang ◽  
Gradiyan Budi Pratama ◽  
Younggeun Choi ◽  
Heecheon You ◽  
Nguyễn Phu'ò'c Minh Tâm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Contact Condition ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Measurement Condition ◽  
Contact Measurement ◽  
Gap Measurement ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Speech Assessment

Objective: The Kay Pentax nasometer uses a separator plate that touches the philtrum of a patient to separate the nasal and oral sound energies for nasalance measurement. However, the separator plate can restrict the natural movement of the patient’s upper lip and generate unpleasant pressure on the patient’s philtrum. The present study was intended to measure nasalance scores without touching the philtrum for better comfort during speech assessment and therapy. Methods: Nasalance scores of 10 males and 10 females having no speech disorders were measured under 4 levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 mm) of the gap between the plate and the philtrum (denoted as plate-to-philtrum gap) using Nasometer II 6450 for nasal (Nasal Sentences) and oral (Zoo Passage) stimuli. Regression formulas were established to examine the relationships between nasalance score and plate-to-philtrum gap for the stimuli. To provide nasalance scores equivalent to those measured for the contact condition, compensation factors for the 5 mm plate-to-philtrum gap measurement condition were identified for the stimuli. Results: The nasalance scores were significantly different between the 4 different plate-to-philtrum gaps for the stimuli. Compensation factors for the Nasal Sentences and the Zoo Passage were identified as 1.17 and 0.71, respectively. Conclusions: The 5 mm plate-to-philtrum gap condition after multiplying the compensation factors can provide equivalent nasalance scores to the conventional contact measurement condition which may provide better comfort in speech assessment and therapy.

Measurement of nasalance scores without touching the philtrum for better comfort during speech assessment and therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Yang ◽  
Gradiyan Budi Pratama ◽  
Younggeun Choi ◽  
Heecheon You ◽  
Nguyễn Phước Minh Tâm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Measurement Condition ◽  
Contact Measurement ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Speech Assessment

Abstract Background: The Kay Pentax Nasometer uses a separator plate that touches the philtrum of a patient to separate the nasal and oral sound energies for nasalance measurement. However, the separator plate could restrict the natural movement of the patient’s upper lip and generate an unpleasant pressure to the patient’s philtrum. The present study was intended to measure nasalance scores without touching the philtrum for better comfort during speech assessment and therapy.Methods: Nasalance scores of 10 males and 10 females having no speech disorders were measured under four levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 mm) of the gap between the plate and the philtrum (denoted as plate-to-philtrum gap) using Nasometer II 6450 for nasal (Nasal Sentences) and oral (Zoo Passage) stimuli. Regression formulas were established to examine the relationships between nasalance score and plate-to-philtrum gap for the Nasal Sentences and the Zoo Passge, respectively. To provide equivalent nasalance scores measured under the 5-mm plate-to-philtrum gap to those measured under the conventional contact measurement condition (i.e., the 0-mm plate-to-philtrum gap in the present study), compensation factors were identified as the ratio of the mean nasalance measured under the 0-mm gap to that measured under the 5-mm gap for the Nasal Sentences and the Zoo Passge, respectively. The validation of the identified compensation factors was examined.Results: The nasalance scores were significantly different between the four different plate-to-philtrum gaps for the stimuli. Nonlinear and linear regression formulas were established for the relationships between nasalance score and plate-to-philtrum gap for the Nasal Sentences and the Zoo Passage, respectively. Compensation factors for the Nasal Sentences and the Zoo Passage were identified as 1.17 and 0.71, respectively. Validation results showed that the adjusted nasalance scores after mutiplying the identified compensation factors were similar to those measured under the conventional contact measurement condition for both the oral and nasal stimuli.Conclusions: The 5-mm plate-to-philtrum gap condition after multiplying the compensation factors can provide equivalent nasalance scores to the conventional contact measurement condition and better comfort in speech assessment and therapy.

Articulation Testing by Microcomputer

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Joan Kwiatkowski ◽  
Tereza Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Speech Assessment

The picture naming articulation test, one of the most widely used speech assessment procedures, provides an excellent paradigm to study the potential of microcomputers with young, speech involved children. The stimulus-response format of the articulation test is structurally similar to assessment and management procedures crossing the spectrum of speech disorders. Findings from three studies comparing booklet-presented pictures to microcomputer-presented graphics indicate that microcomputers have certain control advantages in motivating children's repeated trials. However, spontaneous articulation testing by microcomputer may take more time than booklet testing if the graphics are less readily identifiable and due to associated novelty effects. Discussion of findings includes suggestions for enhancing the client-clinician-computer interface as this discipline experiences the entry of microcomputers into the speech-language clinic.

scholarly journals The language / speech biography of the patient with aphasia as a factor determining the specific process of speech rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Kolmogorova ◽  
Svetlana A. Lyamzina ◽  
Ilya L. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Speech Rehabilitation ◽  
Professional Characteristics ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Assessment

The article considers the relationship between the language / speech biography of the patient with aphasia and the process of his speech rehabilitation. This research project focuses on correlation between the patient’s language / speech biography and systemic connections of words in his mental lexicon. The relevance of the study consists in designing of recovery exercises adapted to the specific language / speech biography of patients with aphasic disorders. The research material includes: 1) statistical data on sociological characteristics of patients, gathered at the local Neurorehabilitation Center from 2014 to 2018; 2) 18 questionnaires filled in by the relatives of patients in question; 3) interviews with healthy Russian native speakers, whose socio-professional characteristics are similar to characteristics of one of the target groups of the patients; 4) a corpus of interview scripts processed with the program Sketch Engine; 5) 16 patients’ speech assessment sheets completed in accordance with the Wasserman scale (it designed to determine speech disorders of patients with a local cerebrovascular accident). The main results of this project are: 1) completing a sociolinguistic portrait of people at risk of aphasia with the similar language and speech biographies; 2) lists of most frequent words, collocations and automated verbal series (phrases and sayings) specific to people without speech pathologies; 3) identification of the language / speech biography features that affect mental lexicon; 4) exercises to speed up speech rehabilitation 5) their validation and assessment of effectiveness in clinical practice.

scholarly journals ORTHODONTIC AND ORTHOPEDIC REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH CLEFT OF UPPER LIP, ALVEOLAR SURGERY, HARD AND SOFT PALATE

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
O.M. Makarova ◽  
M.V. Semenyaka ◽  
G.M. Balya ◽  
V.D. Kuroyedova
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Alveolar Process ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Skeletal Malformation ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Orthopedic Rehabilitation ◽  
Upper Jaw

The problem of children’s rehabilitation with cleft palate is multi edged and complex. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation measures is to restore the anatomical integrity of the tissues of the hard and soft palate, the function of the articulatory and mastication systems, create conditions for correct speech and maximum aesthetic rehabilitation. Orofacial cleft leads to the appearance of functional changes in breathing, sucking, chewing and swallowing. In the process of development of masticatory system, the formation of complex dentoalveolar anomalies in parallel with a significant decrease in masticatory efficiency, weakens the process of sound production, which leads to the formation of stable speech disorders. Such children from childhood form a sense of inferiority, they have reduced social adaptation due to the presence of a cosmetic defect and speech disorders. Optimization of orthodontic and orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with non-incision of the upper lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate is actual clinical problem of modern dentistry. Typical orthodontic pathology in such patients is the development of the upper jaw with a significant narrowing of the upper dentition (due to cicatricial changes) and, as a result, the formation of a prognosis, often deep, bite. Possibilities for orthodontic treatment of such patients are significantly limited due to postoperative cicatricial changes, skeletal malformation of the upper jaw, partial upper teeth adentia, small alveolar bone volume, low dentoalveolar compensation capacity, high tendency to relapse, therefore, the completion of orthodontic treatment often requires a double denture. We propose to use milled caps and present a clinical case of their application. The stages of manufacturing milled cap are the following: making prints and the manufacture of models; superposition of the facial arch to determine the position of the upper jaw; determination of the central position of the lower jaw (by facial features, with functional tests and subsequent check of the state of the chewing muscles by EMG and the position of the joints with the help of CCPT), plastering the models in the articulator, 3D scanning and digitizing models and digital modeling of the cap with ZIRKONZAHN Scan. To make the cap, Multistratum flexible was used, which is a biocompatible elastic composite material with a low plaque build-up and high aesthetic characteristics, designed for the manufacture of cynoanatomical structures. Caps are recommended to be used day and night, even during meals. Caps are removed only for daily hygiene procedures. Thus, the milled cap allows solving practical problems in non-stunted patients with non-incision of the upper lip, alveolar process, hard and soft palate such as: to provide multiple occlusions without contacts and protected occlusion with stable position of the lower jaw; restore the full function of chewing; ensure maximum retention while maintaining the width of the upper dentition; significantly improve the aesthetics of the smile (the appearance of "white aesthetics") and the face (raising the height of the bite, improving the profile, the step of the lips, reducing the second chin, rotation of the lower jaw clockwise); create optimal conditions for further permanent prosthetics, since digital models can be used as reference points for future permanent non-removable structures. So, removable milled caps are the modern optimal method of temporary long-term prosthetics, which greatly improve the functional and aesthetic status of the patient.

Diagnosing Dysarthria in Adults: A New Speech Assessment Method for Polish, English, and Spanish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Gatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Dysarthric Speech ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Speech Assessment ◽  
Over Time

Izabela Gatkowska proposes a new SPEECH ASSESSMENT METHOD (SAM), grounded in her clinical experience with dysarthria, awareness of diagnostically important features, and the practical need to confine logopedic examination to tasks diagnostically most important and maximally tolerable by the patient. When diligently applied, the new SAM allows the diagnostician to identify overlapping dysarthric symptoms in greater detail and, when repeated, analyze their dynamics over time. The point of departure for the current study is an analysis of the speech impairments observed in Polish adult neurological patients. Rooted in language, developed and tested in a neurological clinic, this original method of diagnosing dysarthric speech disorders shall be applicable for linguists, psychologists, and clinicians who work with patients speaking Polish, English, or Spanish. Dysarthria, after all, is a neurodegeneratively-conditioned speech disorder whose diagnosis is independent of the patient’s mother tongue.

scholarly journals Neurological Examination Techniques of Speech in Bahasa Malaysia for Adults: Simple Approach Practiced in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 148-182
Author(s):  
Abdul Haleem Noorsham ◽  
Mohamad Muhaimin Abdullah ◽  
Sanihah Abdul Halim ◽  
Abdul Rahman Izaini Ghani ◽  
Zamzuri Idris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Examination Techniques ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders ◽  
Speech Assessment

There are four classification levels for speech disorders namely dysphonia, dysarthria, dysprosody and dysphasia. In general, speech examination mainly focuses on three main components that are spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, and oral motor examination. Quick bedside assessment on speech in Bahasa Malaysia is essential to assist the speech language therapist (SLT) and other physicians to determine the disorders. Speech therapy is also essential in monitoring and continuous assessment for patients with speech and language disorders such as dysphasia and dysarthria. Speech clinicians in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) have been adapting two most widely used batteries of speech assessment tools namely Western aphasia battery-revised (WAB-R) by Andrew Kertesz and Boston diagnostic aphasia examination (BDAE). These tools have been modified into simple and validated speech assessments in Bahasa Malaysia. This video manuscript will demonstrate the use of both tools in performing bedside speech assessment for patients with speech disorders. The Bahasa Malaysia speech examination should not be difficult when WAB-R and BDAE speech assessment tools are applied. The aim of this simple approach using the adapted version of BDAE and WAB-R is to assist the clinician to achieve quick and accurate diagnosis with a validated scoring system.

Mouth Matters: Scientific and Clinical Applications of Speech Movement Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Assessment ◽  
Speech Motor

New techniques for recording and analyzing speech movements have the potential to radically change existing approaches to speech assessment and management. Advances in motion capture hardware and software are now enabling a critical mass of researchers to comprehensively investigate speech motor performance in healthy and disordered populations. Although this technology is currently almost exclusively used for research, promising clinical applications are now emerging. In this paper, I briefly discuss the technological progression of current technologies used to record speech movements. I also highlight research in the Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab that is exploring ways to leverage this technology to assist with the assessment and management of motor speech disorders.

The Ultrastructure of Metastatic Human Mammary Carcinoma After Prolonged Estrogen Therapy

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
John H.L. Watson ◽  
John L. Swedo ◽  
R.W. Talley
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Hormonal Therapies

A preliminary study of human mammary carcinoma on the ultrastructural level is reported for a metastatic, subcutaneous nodule, obtained as a surgical biopsy. The patient's tumor had responded favorably to a series of hormonal therapies, including androgens, estrogens, progestins, and corticoids for recurring nodules over eight years. The pertinent nodule was removed from the region of the gluteal maximus, two weeks following stilbestrol therapy. It was about 1.5 cms in diameter, and was located within the dermis. Pieces from it were fixed immediately in cold fixatives: phosphate buffered osmium tetroxide, glutaraldehyde, and paraformaldehyde. Embedment in each case was in Vestopal W. Contrasting was done with combinations of uranyl acetate and lead hydroxide.

Fine structure of early degenerating myofibers in the tibialis anterior of young ‘MDX’ mouse

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
H.D. Geissinger ◽  
C.K. McDonald-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Mdx Mouse ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dystrophic Mouse ◽  
Preliminary Study

A new strain of mice, which had arisen by mutation from a dystrophic mouse colony was designated ‘mdx’, because the genetic defect, which manifests itself in brief periods of muscle destruction followed by episodes of muscle regeneration appears to be X-linked. Further studies of histopathological changes in muscle from ‘mdx’ mice at the light microscopic or electron microscopic levels have been published, but only one preliminary study has been on the tibialis anterior (TA) of ‘mdx’ mice less than four weeks old. Lesions in the ‘mdx’ mice vary between different muscles, and centronucleation of fibers in all muscles studied so far appears to be especially prominent in older mice. Lesions in young ‘mdx’ mice have not been studied extensively, and the results appear to be at variance with one another. The degenerative and regenerative aspects of the lesions in the TA of 23 to 26-day-old ‘mdx’ mice appear to vary quantitatively.

Ultrastructural observations of the aorta of calves implanted with a mechanical left ventricular assist device

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
J P Cassella ◽  
V Salih ◽  
T R Graham
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist Device ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist ◽  
Preliminary Study

Left ventricular assist systems are being developed for eventual long term or permanent implantation as an alternative to heart transplantation in patients unsuitable for or denied the transplant option. Evaluation of the effects of these devices upon normal physiology is required. A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the morphology of aortic tissue from calves implanted with a pneumatic Left Ventricular Assist device-LVAD. Two 3 month old heifer calves (calf 1 and calf 2) were electively explanted after 128 days and 47 days respectively. Descending thoracic aortic tissue from both animals was removed immediately post mortem and placed into karnovsky’s fixative. The tissue was subsequently processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Some aortic tissue was fixed in neutral buffered formalin and processed for routine light microscopy.

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