Adolescents and HIV: Knowledge, Behaviors, Influences, and Risk Perceptions

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice C. Facente
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Although the rate of progression from HIV to AIDS has slowed, the incidence of HIV infection has continued to rise. Many teenagers are knowledgeable about the risks and consequences of HIV, yet a large percentage do not perceive that they are personally at risk. Gaining insight into the perceptions and factors influencing the behavior of teens is critical in HIV and AIDS prevention. A structured 39-item questionnaire was designed to elicit answers that explored 4 areas: knowledge of HIV and AIDS, reported sexual behavior, perceived susceptibility to HIV, and factors influencing behavior. The mean age of the 78 respondents was 15.9 years. One important finding was that 74% of respondents perceived their knowledge of HIV transmission to be “good,” yet only 33% were able to answer all of the 8 test questions in this area correctly. In addition, 80% of those who reported engaging in risky behavior such as multiple sexual partners or having sex without condoms also felt they were not personally at risk for HIV.

scholarly journals An analysis about knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of HIV and AIDS among the Himba people of the Kunene region, Namibia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Filippine Nekulu Nakakuwa ◽  
Kabwebwe Honore Mitonga ◽  
Josephine De Villiers ◽  
Scholastika Iipinge
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices and risk perceptions with regard to HIV/AIDS among the Himba people from the Kunene region; and to identify its determinant factors.Design: The research study was quantitative. That is, cross sectional, descriptive and analytical. A total of 290 respondents were posed a number of multiple-choice questions about specific areas: HIV modes of transmission, knowledge on prevention measures, wrong conceptions of HIV/AIDS, beliefs, attitudes and practices.Results: In this study, the mean overall score of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its transmission modes was found to be 15.8 out of 30 with a 95% confidence interval of [15.1]; [16.5]. It was found that the Himba people’s knowledge on HIV/AIDS does not differ according to the gender of the respondent. In fact, the mean score of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its modes of transmission among females was 15.9 with a confidence interval of [15.1]; [16.8], whilst the mean score of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its modes of transmission among males was 15.7 with a confidence interval of [14.5]; [16.8]. Using a bivariate analysis, factors such as condom use as a safer sex practice, level of education, type of marriage, and the gender of the respondents showed a statistically significant association with HIV knowledge at a 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: There is a need to increase knowledge that can be translated into change in behaviour and practices among the Himba, the efforts of all stakeholders are required. Such efforts include promoting education through mobile schools, intensifying sex education within the community through outreach programmes and putting in place policies integrated with indigenous cultural practices that will lead to positive attitudes and beliefs.

J. D. Bernal, F. R. S.: some Irish influences

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Keyword(s):  
Family Background ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Small Farmer ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Education Decision ◽  
Political Understanding ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Ann Synge’s essay on Bernal’s family, school and university background resurrected some questions which had first occurred to me when reading Bernal’s Science in History in the late 1950s. We have the Sherlock Holmes problem of the ‘dog that didn’t bark’: the paucity of Irish references. Why the blind spot regarding what should have been a rich source of material for the Bernal ‘science and society’ paradigm? He references Parsons, but labels him British, and is apparently unaware of the richness of the connection between Parsons and Birr Castle, which he visited as a boy. Ann Synge’s essay re-opened the question for me, prompting a visit to Cambridge to look at the Bernal papers, with a view to gaining insight into the nature and extent of the specific Irish influences on Bernal, if any, and complementing Ann Synge’s research into the Bernal family background. Other questions arise: what was the totality of factors influencing the education decision which led to Bedford and Cambridge?- How good was Bernal’s own awareness of his ‘anomalous position’, as expressed in his 1955 self-assessment, where he describes his background as ‘small farmer’? What degree of political understanding lay behind the 1920 family row, and how did this relate to his emerging Cambridge Marxism? How near was he to joining the British Army? In the following sections I address some aspects of these questions.

Frequent Misconceptions and Low-to-Moderate Knowledge of HIV and AIDS amongst High-School Students in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koh Kwee Choy ◽  
Aaron Lai Kuo Huo ◽  
Jeremy Edward Ratnasingam Lee ◽  
Megala Ganaka Sabapathy ◽  
Ong Jue Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
School Students ◽  
Wrong Answer ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire

We describe the findings from a survey of 572 high-school students aged between 15 and 19 years in the city of Seremban, Negeri Sembilan state, Malaysia. Knowledge regarding HIV and AIDS is assessed using a self-administered validated 48-item questionnaire modified from the validated HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-K-Q). Our questionnaire was divided into 4 parts assessing different areas in HIV/AIDS, namely, general knowledge of risk factors; knowledge of modes of transmission of HIV; knowledge of HIV prevention; knowledge of HIV testing. The answers were divided into “correct”, “wrong”, and “I don't know”. One mark was awarded for every “correct” answer; one mark was deducted for every “wrong” answer, while no mark was awarded for “I don't know”. The total marks for each student were converted to percentage and used for analysis. The average total score percentage was 64.7%. The highest scores were in the area of knowledge of mode of HIV transmission, while the lowest scores were in the area of knowledge of HIV testing. The level of HIV knowledge was correlated with age of the students (P<0.05) but not with gender and ethnicity. Our paper revealed frequent misconceptions and a general low-to-moderate level of knowledge amongst the high school students surveyed.

Discriminant Validation of the Test of Reading Performance (TORP) for Identifying Children at Risk of Reading Difficulties

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padeliadu Susana ◽  
Georgios D. Sideridis
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Low Achievers ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
School Students ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This study investigated the discriminant validation of the Test of Reading Performance (TORP), a new scale designed to evaluate the reading performance of elementary-school students. The sample consisted of 181 elementary-school students drawn from public elementary schools in northern Greece using stratified random procedures. The TORP was hypothesized to measure six constructs, namely: “letter knowledge,” “phoneme blending,” “word identification,” “syntax,” “morphology,” and “passage comprehension.” Using standard deviations (SD) from the mean, three groups of students were formed as follows: A group of low achievers in reading (N = 9) including students who scored between -1 and -1.5 SD from the mean of the group. A group of students at risk of reading difficulties (N = 6) including students who scored between -1.5 and -2 SDs below the mean of the group. A group of students at risk of serious reading difficulties (N = 6) including students who scored -2 or more SDs below the mean of the group. The rest of the students (no risk, N = 122) comprised the fourth group. Using discriminant analyses it was evaluated how well the linear combination of the 15 variables that comprised the TORP could discriminate students of different reading ability. Results indicated that correct classification rates for low achievers, those at risk for reading problems, those at risk of serious reading problems, and the no-risk group were 89%, 100%, 83%, and 97%, respectively. Evidence for partial validation of the TORP was provided through the use of confirmatory factor analysis and indices of sensitivity and specificity. It is concluded that the TORP can be ut ilized for the identification of children at risk for low achievement in reading. Analysis of the misclassified cases indicated that increased variability might have been responsible for the existing misclassification. More research is needed to determine the discriminant validation of TORP with samples of children with specific reading disabilities.

Are you at risk? Perceptions of vulnerability to contagious and non-contagious diseases

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille D. Basilio ◽  
Kelli Byrnes ◽  
Angela G. Pirlott ◽  
Virginia S. Y. Kwan ◽  
Leona S. Aiken
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Contagious Diseases

Analysis of Demographics and Factors Influencing Student Choice of Major at Five Universities

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 510b-510
Author(s):  
Tammy Kohlleppel ◽  
Jennifer C. Bradley ◽  
Jayne Zajicek
Keyword(s):  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Choice ◽  
Student Interest ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Choice Of Major ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
University History ◽  
Insight Into

In recent years horticulture programs at universities across the United States have experienced a decline in student numbers. Researchers at the Univ. of Florida and Texas A&M Univ. have developed a survey to gain insight into the influences on undergraduate students who major in horticulture. Five universities participated in the survey of undergraduate horticulture programs, these include the Univ. of Florida, Texas A&M Univ., Oklahoma State Univ., Univ. of Tennessee, and Kansas State Univ. Approximately 600 surveys were sent to the schools during the 1997 fall semester. The questionnaires were completed by horticulture majors and nonmajors taking classes in the horticulture departments. The survey consisted of two main sections. The first section examined student demographic information, high school history, university history and horticulture background and was completed by all students. Only horticulture majors completed the second section, which examined factors influencing choice of horticulture as a major. Results examine fundamental predictors in promoting student interest in horticulture, demographic variables that may influence student choice of major, and student satisfaction and attitude toward current collegiate horticulture programs. Findings from this study will provide insight into the status of post-secondary horticulture education and assist in identifying methods to increase student enrollment in horticulture programs across the country.

Some Explicit Results for the Mean Spherical Approximation for Mixtures of Yukawa Fluids

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Henderson ◽  
Osvaldo H. Scalise
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Spherical Approximation ◽  
Mean Spherical Approximation ◽  
Inverse Temperature ◽  
Temperature Expansion ◽  
Yukawa Fluid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Full Solution ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Reasonable Model

The mean spherical approximation (MSA) is of interest because it produces an integral equation that yields useful analytical results for a number of fluids. One such case is the Yukawa fluid, which is a reasonable model for a simple fluid. The original MSA solution for this fluid, due to Waisman, is analytic but not explicit. Ginoza has simplified this solution. However, Ginoza's result is not quite explicit. Some years ago, Henderson, Blum, and Noworyta obtained explicit results for the thermodynamic functions of a single-component Yukawa fluid that have proven useful. They expanded Ginoza's result in an inverse-temperature expansion. Even when this expansion is truncated at fifth, or even lower, order, this expansion is nearly as accurate as the full solution and provides insight into the form of the higher-order coefficients in this expansion. In this paper Ginoza's implicit result for the case of a rather special mixture of Yukawa fluids is considered. Explicit results are obtained, again using an inverse-temperature expansion. Numerical results are given for the coefficients in this expansion. Some thoughts concerning the generalization of these results to a general mixture of Yukawa fluids are presented.

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