scholarly journals Getting Better Hospital Alarm Sounds Into a Global Standard

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Reed Edworthy ◽  
Richard R. McNeer ◽  
Christopher L. Bennett ◽  
Roman Dudaryk ◽  
Siné J. P. McDougall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
End Users ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Alarm Signals ◽  
Audible Alarm ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Testing Potential ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Alarm Sounds

The reserved set of audible alarm signals embodied within the global medical device safety standard, IEC 60601-1-8, is known to be problematic and in need of updating. The current alarm signals are not only suboptimal, but there is also little evidence beyond learnability (which is known to be poor) that demonstrates their performance in realistic and representative clinical environments. In this article, we describe the process of first designing and then testing potential replacement audible alarm signals for IEC 60601-1-8, starting with the design of several sets of candidate sounds and initial tests on learnability and localizability, followed by testing in simulated clinical environments. We demonstrate that in all tests, the alarm signals selected for further development significantly outperform the current alarm signals. We describe the process of collecting considerably more data on the performance of the new sounds than exists for the current sounds, which ultimately will be of use to end users. We also reflect on the process and practice of working with the relevant committees and other practical issues beyond the science, which also need constant attention if the alarms we have developed are to be included successfully in an updated version of the standard.

scholarly journals The system of offences related to illicit circulation of digital securities in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Elina Leonidovna Sidorenko ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Khalizeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Technological Aspect ◽  
Alarm Signals ◽  
Research Task ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Digital Assets

  This article is dedicated to the analysis of the system of offences related to the illicit circulation of digital securities in the Russian Federation. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of the mechanism of constructing the system of offences in the sphere of digital economy. The article analyzes the basic FATF acts pertinent to digital assets; examines the alarm signals in using such assets to launder proceeds acquired by illegal means or used to finance terrorism. The author reviews recommendations on application of risk-based approach in the process of creating due legal regulation of digital assets in the FATF member-states (including Russia). As a research task, the article aims to determine which acts associated with the illicit circulation of digital securities are the subjected to criminalization, as well as the composition of these offences considering the technological aspect of the mixed (economic and technological) nature of such assets. The corresponding draft federal laws “On the Amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation” and “On the Amendments to the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses”, developed by the Ministry of Finances of the Russian Federation, comprise the legislative normative framework for this research. The conclusion is made on the reception (accounting) of recommendations for further development of such regulation in the Russian Federation.  

scholarly journals The Recognizability and Localizability of Auditory Alarms: Setting Global Medical Device Standards

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1108-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Edworthy ◽  
Scott Reid ◽  
Siné McDougall ◽  
Jonathan Edworthy ◽  
Stephanie Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
Auditory Cognition ◽  
Single Exception ◽  
Audible Alarm ◽  
Principles Of Design

Objective Four sets of eight audible alarms matching the functions specified in IEC 60601-1-8 were designed using known principles from auditory cognition with the intention that they would be more recognizable and localizable than those currently specified in the standard. Background The audible alarms associated with IEC 60601-1-8, a global medical device standard, are known to be difficult to learn and retain, and there have been many calls to update them. There are known principles of design and cognition that might form the basis of more readily recognizable alarms. There is also scope for improvement in the localizability of the existing alarms. Method Four alternative sets of alarms matched to the functions specified in IEC 60601-1-8 were tested for recognizability and localizability and compared with the alarms currently specified in the standard. Results With a single exception, all prototype sets of alarms outperformed the current IEC set on both recognizability and localizability. Within the prototype sets, auditory icons were the most easily recognized, but the other sets, using word rhythms and simple acoustic metaphors, were also more easily recognized than the current alarms. With the exception of one set, all prototype sets were also easier to localize. Conclusion Known auditory cognition and perception principles were successfully applied to an existing audible alarm problem. Application This work constitutes the first (benchmarking) phase of replacing the alarms currently specified in the standard. The design principles used for each set demonstrate the relative ease with which different alarm types can be recognized and localized.

scholarly journals The adaptive utility of Richardson’s ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii) short-range ultrasonic alarm signals

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1322-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Wilson ◽  
James F. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Alarm Signals ◽  
Active Space ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
Ultrasonic Calls ◽  
Audible Alarm ◽  
Signal Type

Richardson’s ground squirrels ( Spermophilus richardsonii (Sabine, 1822)) produce audible (ca. 8 kHz) and (or) ultrasonic (ca. 48 kHz) alarm vocalizations that warn conspecifics of impending danger. Audible calls have a larger active space than ultrasonic calls because they travel farther, are louder, and contain frequencies to which conspecific and allospecific recipients are more sensitive. In our first experiment, we presented an alarming stimulus to 103 squirrels to examine the effect of threat proximity on signal type. The ratio of ultrasonic to audible alarm calls increased with increasing distance from the stimulus. We conclude that the size of the active space influences signalling strategy and that squirrels emitting ultrasonic calls can signal conspecifics to the exclusion of distant predators. As recipients of ultrasonic calls must be close to the signaler, one context in which ultrasonic calling may be most adaptive is during natal emergence when juveniles are particularly abundant, highly vulnerable to predation, and clustered in space. In our second experiment, we broadcast ultrasonic alarm signals to emerging juveniles and found that they, like older individuals, responded to calls by increasing vigilance. We discuss the adaptive utility of multiple signalling strategies in light of our findings.

The Design and Implementation of the Elder Fall Remote Monitoring System in the Smart Home

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Fu ◽  
Li Xiao ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Fall Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Remote Monitoring System ◽  
Alarm Signals ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Audible Alarm

Based on the analysis of the state of human body falling, this paper designed a kind of fall detection alarming apparatus based on the change of acceleration. The principle is detecting the 3-axis’s acceleration change of sensor caused by change of the body posture when the wearer falls down. When the signal of body falling is detected, the fall detection alarming apparatus emits audible alarm signals. The alarm information will be send to guardian automatically through short message or calling by GPRS module, at the same time, it will be store and send to remote monitoring web page of the smart home through IEEE 802.15.4E wireless way in order to remote alarm notification.

scholarly journals ATTITUDES OF ORTHOPEDIC SPECIALISTS TOWARD EFFECTS OF MEDICAL DEVICE PURCHASING

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Lingg ◽  
Everth Merida-Herrera ◽  
Kaspar Wyss ◽  
Luis Durán-Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
End Users ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Purchasing Process

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess viewpoints of end-users concerning the purchasing process of high-risk medical devices and to discuss the relevance of health technology assessments (HTAs) at the hospital level and other potential areas for improvement of purchasing processes.Methods: We used a cross-sectional study and assessed the attitudes and thoughts of orthopedic specialists. The study took place between June and October 2015 in Mexico.Results: We collected data from 187 orthopedic surgeons. Involvement of orthopedic specialists in purchasing was reported by 86 percent. However, clinical practice was perceived as negatively influenced by purchasing outcomes by 92 percent. The problems were described as: material failure; effectiveness of medical devices; obsolete medical device technology; incomplete provision of implant / instrument sets; delayed provision of implants and instruments.Conclusions: To prevent sub-standard outcomes of purchasing decisions, this study and the current literature suggest that technologies should be assessed during the purchasing process, end-users should be adequately involved, and decisions should be based on multiple criteria including clinical impact in the short-term (e.g., primary stability of implant) and long-term (e.g., survival of implant). The focus on Mexico is particularly novel and provides insights into a health system where HTA is mainly present at the macro level and can be used for the listing of medical device technologies in the standard list. This study concludes that Mexican stakeholders of the purchasing process underestimate the contribution of HTAs at the level of purchasing decisions. HTA in Mexico has improved over the past years but still requires more advancement.

scholarly journals Organizing Audible Alarm Sounds in the Hospital: A Card-Sorting Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-627
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Wright ◽  
Sydney Radcliffe ◽  
Suzanne Janzen ◽  
Judy Edworthy ◽  
Thomas J. Reese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Card Sorting ◽  
Audible Alarm ◽  
Alarm Sounds

scholarly journals Casa segura con Kinect: la seguridad abunda constantemente y las cámaras convencionales no alcanzan a prevenir los siniestros, dando como resultado la hurtación de la propiedad de la persona / Safe House with Kinect: Safety Abounds Constantly, and Conventional Cameras Fail to Preventany Accident Resulting in Stealing Property Person

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Antonio Gallegos ◽  
Norma Hildelisa Jiménez Alor ◽  
José Antonio Leyva Morando
Keyword(s):  
Common Factor ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Audible Alarm ◽  
Safe House ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Alarm Sounds ◽  
People Today

ABSTRACTThe raid on the homes is a type of high uncertainly for people today denotes a common factor in both busi-ness and households, which have a major victim of the transgression. The project “The need for a safe house using Kinect and free software” is a system that provides solutions to problems related the emergence of home – room, which lowers the cost of traditional system of video – surveillance, in addition to the security implementation is not only based on the movements (which could be made by animals) but is specifically identifies and distinguishes between humans and animals. At present there are several surveillance cameras such as DVR cameras, IP cameras and motion sensors. This project provides an effective monitoring through its people recognition feature by a linear skeleton, audible alarm, image capture and real.-time monitoring function of the operating system Linux distribution Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin). At the time that the system recognizes an individual within the scenario set by the user, an audible alarm sounds alerting the owner of the home.RESUMENEl allanamiento en las viviendas es un tipo de inseguridad frecuente hoy en día, denota un factor común tanto en negocios como hogares, los cuales presentan una de las principales víctimas de la transgresión. El proyecto “La necesidad de contar con una casa segura mediante el uso de Kinect y software libre” es un sistema que provee soluciones a los problemas correspondientes a la irrupción de casa-habitación, el cual abarata los costos de un sistema tradicional de video-vigilancia, aunado a ello proporciona un mecanismo para la distinción entre humanos y animales sustentada en el reconocimiento de movimientos dentro de un escenario. El presente proyecto brinda una vigilancia eficaz mediante su característica de reconocimiento de personas mediante un esqueleto lineal, alarma sonora, captura de imágenes y monitoreo en tiempo real en función del sistema operativo Linux distribución Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin). En el momento que el sistema reconoce a una persona dentro del escenario establecido por el usuario, se dispara una alarma sonora alertando al propietario del domicilio.

The Judgments Project of the Hague Conference on Private International Law: A Way Forward for a Long-awaited Solution

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-196
Author(s):  
Fabrício B. Pasquot Polido
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
End Users ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Further Development

This chapter discusses distinct foundational benchmarks and inspirational ideas underlying the diplomatic negotiations leading to the adoption of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments on Civil or Commercial Matters by the Hague Conference of Private International Law in June 2019 and conclusion of a historical phase of the ‘Judgments Project’. It argues that the establishment of a ‘global facilitated regime’ for circulation of foreign judgements at multilateral level still remains as one of the utmost policy choices for further development of private international law related institutions and their interplay with cross-border civil and commercial litigation. The successful outcomes of the Judgment Project might be tested under multiple criteria, such as minimum standards of uniformity - with diversity being preserved at domestic normative levels-, predictability and a balanced framework for end-users in transnational litigation.

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