A Rare Case of Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor Arising From a Jejunal Pancreatic Heterotopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 106689692092812
Author(s):  
Ryan L. Sappenfield ◽  
Kathleen Byrnes
Keyword(s):  
Islet Cells ◽  
Submucosal Tumor ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pancreatic Heterotopia ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization

Pancreatic heterotopia is a well-described entity occurring at multiple abdominal sites, most commonly the stomach and small intestine. They can develop similar disease processes as the pancreas ranging from acute pancreatitis, cyst formation, or neoplasms, most commonly ductal adenocarcinoma. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arising in pancreatic heterotopias are exceedingly rare with only 3 prior published cases. In this article, we describe the first reported case of a NET arising in a jejunal pancreatic heterotopia in a 59-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain and diarrhea. The submucosal tumor was composed of a well-differentiated NET (World Health Organization grade 1) directly intermixed with a heterotopic pancreas consisting of acinar cells, islet cells, and ducts. This case illustrates that NETs can occur in association with pancreatic heterotopias at any site. Also, the importance for pathologists to recognize that pancreatic heterotopias can give rise to a variety of neoplasms and is not limited to ductal adenocarcinoma.

Dysadherin Overexpression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reflects Tumor Aggressiveness: Relationship to E-Cadherin Expression

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Shimamura ◽  
Michiie Sakamoto ◽  
Yoshinori Ino ◽  
Yasuto Sato ◽  
Kazuaki Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Aggressiveness ◽  
Tumor Margins ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
E Cadherin

Purpose: The E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system is frequently inactivated by multiple mechanisms and is involved in tumor progression in many types of cancer. Recently, we reported the cloning and characterization of dysadherin and showed that it downregulated E-cadherin and promoted metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of dysadherin expression and the relationship between dysadherin expression and E-cadherin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods: We examined dysadherin and E-cadherin expression in 125 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients using immunohistochemistry. Results: Dysadherin was expressed at the cell membrane of cancer cells, but not in nontumor duct and acinar cells. Its expression was stronger in infiltrative and poorly differentiated nests compared with well-differentiated nests. Although the correlation between the expression of dysadherin and E-cadherin was not significant, a group of patients showed reduced E-cadherin expression with dysadherin overexpression. Increased dysadherin expression was significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P = .047), high tumor grade (P = .006), positive tumor margins (P = .024), and infiltrative type of growth pattern (P = .014). A survival advantage was observed in patients with 0% to 20% dysadherin-positive cells compared with patients with 51% to 100% dysadherin-positive cells, independent of tumor-node-metastasis classification, and World Health Organization tumor grade (P = .019). A combination of increased dysadherin expression and reduced E-cadherin expression (< 90%) further worsened the prognosis. Conclusion: In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, dysadherin expression seems to reflect tumor aggressiveness and to be a positive marker of poor prognosis when considered both alone and in combination with downregulation of E-cadherin.

An approach to the understanding of the clinical-etiopathological aspect of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 862-869
Author(s):  
Meena Kumari ◽  
Monika Agrawal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Parameswarappa S Byadgi
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Therapy Assessment ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
The World ◽  
Polarized Epithelia ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Currently, the world is facing a health and socioeconomic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this disease as a pandemic. The condition (COVID-19) is an infectious disorder triggered by a newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2. Most of the COVID-19 infected patients will experience mild to moderate respiratory symptoms and recover without any unique therapy. Assessment of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 cases suggests the infected patients will not be contagious until the onset of severe symptoms and affects the other organs. Well-differentiated cells of apical airway epithelia communicating with ACE2 were promptly infected to SARS-CoV-2 virus. But the expression of ACE 2 in poorly differentiated epithelia facilitated SARS spike (S) protein-pseudo typed virus entry and it is replicated in polarized epithelia and especially exited via the apical surface. Limiting the transmission of COVID-19 infection & its prevention can be regarded as a hierarchy of controls. In this article, we briefly discuss the most recent advances in respect to aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical progression of the disease COVID-19.

scholarly journals Higher BMI Indicated Better Overall Survival Prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Real-World Study Based on 2,010 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningzhen FU ◽  
Yu JIANG ◽  
Kai QIN ◽  
Xiaxing DENG ◽  
Hao CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
High Volume ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Chemotherapy Administration ◽  
High Volume Center ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: Whether body mass index (BMI) was associated with the overall survival (OS) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remained controversial and uncertain.Method: A total of 2,010 patients from single high-volume center were enrolled in the study. OS of PDAC patients was evaluated based on restricted cubic spline (RCS), propensity score (PS) and multivariable risk adjustment analyses. Result: BMI was discovered linear related with OS (total P=0.004, non-linear P=0.124). BMI was analyzed as categorical data based on X-tile software defined cutoffs and World Health Organization (WHO) recommended cutoffs, respectively. Adjusted with confounding covariates, higher BMI manifested as a positive prognostic predictor. (PXtile=0.003, PWHO=0.002) Furtherly, BMI was proven associated with OS in PS analysis. (UnderweightXtile vs. NormalXtile P=0.003, OverweightXtile vs. NormalXtile P=0.019; UnderweightWHO vs. NormalWHO P<0.001, OverweightWHO vs. NormalWHO P=0.024). It was also revealed that patients with higher BMI benefitted more from chemotherapy.(adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): UnderweightXtile: 0.565 (0.389-0.819), NormalXtile: 0.474 (0.395-0.567), OverweightXtile: 0.409 (0.337-0.496); UnderweightWHO: 0.613 (0.401-0.940), NormalWHO: 0.464 (0.387-0.557), OverweightWHO: 0.425 (0.353-0.512)). Conclusion: Among PDAC patients, higher BMI manifested as a favorable OS indicator, and the protective impact was probably based on chemotherapy administration. Patients with higher BMI were also observed with more chemotherapy administration and more OS benefits from chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma of The Larynx: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Mateva ◽  
Margarita R. Nikolova ◽  
Alexandar V. Valkov ◽  
Margarita R. Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Grade Malignancy ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Histologic Types

Summary Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in adults with a relative incidence amongst other sarcomas ranging from 9.8% to 16%. It usually locates in the limbs and retroperitoneum. Primary liposarcomas of the larynx and hypopharynx are rare, comprising less than 20% of all head and neck liposarcomas. According to World Health Organization, these tumors are divided into four histologic types, and well-differentiated liposarcoma is the most common one. It is a tumor of low-grade malignancy that may recur locally, but does not metastasize. We present a case of laryngopharyngeal well- differentiated liposarcoma in an old patient with two previous removals. We also discuss recently published cases with this unusual location of liposarcoma.

Giant Primary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Liver: Report of 2 Cases With Molecular Characterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-899
Author(s):  
Laura G. Pastrián ◽  
Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel ◽  
Raul S. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Health Organization

Primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the liver have occasionally been reported in the liver, though many reports do not convincingly exclude metastases. In this article, we report 2 “giant” hepatic neuroendocrine lesions without evidence of a primary elsewhere after clinical workup. One occurred in a 21-year-old male; the lesion was a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma measuring 24 cm. The patient died of disease in 10 months. The other occurred in a 25-year-old patient, was 18 cm wide, and was diagnosed as a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, World Health Organization grade 3. The patient died of disease after 30 months. Molecular testing demonstrated only the presence of TP53 mutations in common. These cases expand our knowledge of seemingly primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the liver, in particular, giant cases measuring more than 8 cm. Guidelines for clinical workup and therapy for these lesions remain unclear, but future thorough workup of such cases is necessary for specific characterization.

scholarly journals Co-existence of gastric adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma: a rare entity

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1221-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirajan Mainali ◽  
Niraj Nepal ◽  
Prabesh Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Amrita Sinha ◽  
Saroj Rajbanshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Partial Gastrectomy ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
World Health Organization Classification ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Histopathology Examination

A mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma is a tumor composed of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components, with each comprising  at least one-third of the lesion, as defined by the World Health Organization classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms in 2010.. A 67-years-old male was admitted to the hospital with symptoms suggesting gastric cancer. Histopathology examination from endoscopic biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. Later partial gastrectomy specimen examination the lesion show presence of well differentiated adenocarcinoma along with neuro endocrine carcinoma.

Mediastinoscopy: The Predictive Survival Value in Staging Carcinoma of the Lung

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis W. Welsh ◽  
John J. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Metastatic Behavior ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
Health Organization

One hundred and thirty-seven cases of Stage III lung cancer established by mediastinoscopy have been followed to determine their survival. The tissue was classified according to World Health Organization schema and the degree of dedifferentiation graded from well to poorly differentiated. Two percent of the presented cases are well-differentiated tumors; the remaining 98% are moderately well-differentiated (11%), or poorly differentiated or small cell tumors (87%). The degree of anaplasia suggests an increasingly aggressive metastatic behavior pattern. The average life span is approximately 5 1/2 months in all groups and subgroups which were studied. Recommendations are presented for the utilization of mediastinoscopy in Stage I and II cases. Further considerations are suggested for priority of diagnostic procedures in establishing the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: clinicopathological evaluation at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. A single centre experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nadira Mamoon ◽  
Hania Naveed ◽  
Mariam Abid ◽  
Humaira Nasir ◽  
Imran Nazir Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Single Centre Experience ◽  
Who 2010 Classification ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Objective: Clinicopathological features of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) have rarely been studied in the Pakistani population. We investigated the clinical characteristics of these tumors according to the updated World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 classification. Methods: The data of Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad was retrospectively analysed for pathologically confirmed GEP-NETs from January 2013 to March 2018. Results: One hundred and eighteen patients (mean age, 52.2 years; male, 55.1%) were identified. 83.1% of the patients were symptomatic including5.1% functional tumors. Pancreas (28%) was the most frequent primary site noted. The most common histologic type was well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (WDNET) in 81.4% followed by neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) in 16.1%. 45.8% cases of WDNET were grade 1, 27.1% were grade 2, and 8.5% were grade 3.15.3% had distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis with liver (77.7%) as the most common metastatic site. Synaptophysin positivity was seen in 96.8% of grade 1 & grade 2 WDNET, 100% of grade 3 WDNET and 92.3% of NEC and chromogranin was positive in 94.2% of grade 1 &grade 2 WDNET, 83.3% of grade 3 WDNET and 45.4% of NEC. Conclusion: GEP-NETs showed a wide clinicopathological spectrum. Pancreas is the most site of involvement by the GEP-NET however grade 3 WDNET had a predilection for the colon. Small cell carcinomas were commonly observed in esophagus. Keywords: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tu­mor, well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma. Continuous...

Mixed Intraepithelial Neoplasia—Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Gallbladder: A Hitherto Unreported Combination

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692098698
Author(s):  
Bence Kővári ◽  
Sándor Turkevi-Nagy ◽  
Gregory Y. Lauwers ◽  
Kun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Invasive Adenocarcinoma ◽  
World Health Organization Classification ◽  
First Case ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasms ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Adenocarcinomas and noninvasive intraepithelial neoplasms (either polypoid or flat) are the most common gallbladder tumors; however, neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) can also occur. The majority of NENs are represented by neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), while neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are extremely rare in this location. Occasionally, NEN may present as a part of a mixed neoplasm, with a coexisting non-neuroendocrine component. The latest World Health Organization classification denotes these lesions as mixed neuroendocrine–non-NENs (MiNENs). A novel type of MiNEN, the mixed adenoma well-differentiated NET (MANET), has been increasingly recognized and reported. In such lesions, a dysplastic noninvasive neoplasm and a NET represent the exocrine and endocrine component, respectively. MANETs have mostly been identified in the colon, small intestines, and stomach. In this article, we report, we believe, the first case of mixed gallbladder neoplasm with both biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) and NET components, which may be regarded as a variant of MANET. Given the expectably favorable prognoses of MANETs, it is imperative not to misdiagnose the infiltrative yet indolent neuroendocrine component as an invasive adenocarcinoma or a NEC.

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