The Modified Oblique Keller Procedure: A Technique for Dorsal Approach Interposition Arthroplasty Sparing the Flexor Tendons

A first metatarsophalangeal joint resection arthroplasty that combines a modest metatarsal cheilectomy with an oblique resection of the phalanx base (preserving the flexor hallucis brevis attachment) combined with interposition arthroplasty of the dorsal joint capsule sewn to the plantar soft tissues is presented. Numerous surgical procedures have been described for the treatment of hallux rigidus, including dorsal cheilectomy, resection arthroplasty, joint replacement, and arthrodesis. The Keller procedure has been abandoned by many because of shortening of the great toe and loss of push-off power. The modified oblique Keller technique described here allows for intraoperative transition from cheilectomy to resection arthroplasty with what appears to be a satisfactory outcome, maintaining plantarflexion power and hallux length.

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Capsular Interposition Arthroplasty for Severe Hallux Rigidus

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/107110079701800204 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 68-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

William G. Hamilton ◽

Martin J. O'Malley ◽

Francesca M. Thompson ◽

Paul E. Kovatis

Keyword(s):

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Hallux Rigidus ◽

Resection Arthroplasty ◽

Equal Length ◽

Interposition Arthroplasty ◽

Bone Resection ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

And Function ◽

Surgical Option

Thirty patients (37 feet) with severe hallux rigidus underwent resection arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with our modification (reattachment of the extensor hood and extensor brevis to the flexor hallucis brevis as a capsular interposition arthroplasty, with minimal bone resection). Pain and function were significantly improved. Transfer metatarsalgia was not seen. All patients had at least 4/5 plantarflexion strength and averaged 50° of dorsiflexion. In patients with severe hallux rigidus and nearly equal length of first and second metatarsals, capsular interpostion arthroplasty offers a surgical option that relieves pain without sacrificing motion or strength.

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Outcomes Following Interposition Arthroplasty of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint for the Treatment of Hallux Rigidus: A Systematic Review

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011418814427 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 247301141881442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brendan R. Emmons ◽

Dominic S. Carreira

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Hallux Rigidus ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Interposition Arthroplasty ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Long Term Follow Up

Background: Interposition arthroplasty of the first MTP joint has recently experienced renewed interest as a treatment for hallux rigidus. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the rapidly expanding literature on PRO following interposition arthroplasty of the first MTP joint. Methods: PubMed Central, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched. Inclusion criteria included length of time to follow-up, number of patients, outcome measure, and use of allogeneic or autogenous soft tissue or a synthetic matrix as interposition. Results: 20 studies were included in the review, comprising 498 patients and 539 feet with mean time to follow-up of 4.5 years. The most common substance used for interposition in the included studies was autogenous first MTPJ capsular tissue, a technique reported on in 12 (60.0%) of the included articles. In studies reporting preoperative and postoperative outcomes by way of a standardized outcome scoring system, mean group improvements exceed minimal clinically important differences in the majority of studies. Eighty-five percent of the studies included in this review were of Level IV quality evidence, and of this subset of studies, 70.6% were of a retrospective nature. Progression to further surgery was observed in 3.8% of toes. The most common complication reported was transfer metatarsalgia of 1 or more lesser toes, observed in up to 57.9% of patients in one study. Conclusion: Interposition arthroplasty appears to be a viable option for the treatment of moderate to severe hallux rigidus in patients looking to salvage motion through the first metatarsophalangeal joint. A wide array of autogenous, allogeneic, and synthetic implant materials have surfaced in recent years, but long-term follow-up and prospective, comparative study designs with low risk of bias are limited. Level of Evidence: Level IV, systematic review of Level III-IV studies

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Risk Analysis of Nonunion After First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis

Foot & Ankle Specialist ◽

10.1177/1938640019899829 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 193864001989982

Author(s):

Carla Weber ◽

Daiwei Yao ◽

Michael Schwarze ◽

Karolina Andersson ◽

Vlatka Andric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Hallux Rigidus ◽

Male Gender ◽

Great Toe ◽

Therapeutic Level ◽

Data Set ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Radiological Data

Objective: The standard therapy for a symptomatic hallux rigidus is still the arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. A nonunion of the arthrodesis is a possible postoperative complication. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of nonunion associated with first MTP joint arthrodesis and identify risk factors influencing this. Methods: This retrospective study included 197 patients who were treated with an isolated first MTP joint arthrodesis. The severity of MTP-related osteoarthritis was assessed clinically and radiologically prior to surgery according to the Waizy classification. Patient characteristics and radiological parameters were evaluated postoperatively. Results: A full clinical and radiological data set was collected from 153 out of 197 patients. We identified 14 cases of nonunion and found that nonunion was associated with higher incidence of male gender (P = .29), comorbidity (P = .035), higher grade of osteoarthritis (P = .01), and increased postoperative great toe dorsiflexion (P = .022). Conclusions: Arthrodesis of the first MTP joint is a safe operative treatment, as demonstrated by a nonunion rate of 9.2%. Negative influencing factors were the presence of preexisting diseases, higher grades of osteoarthritis, and a relative increased dorsiflexion position of the great toe after surgery. These factors should be considered during pre-, intra-, and postoperative planning. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Retrospective

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Silastic Ball Spacer Arthroplasty in the Management of Hallux Valgus and Hallux Rigidus

Foot & Ankle ◽

10.1177/107110078901000203 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 61-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

N. S. Broughton ◽

A. Doran ◽

B. F. Meggitt

Keyword(s):

Hallux Valgus ◽

Young Patients ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Hallux Rigidus ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Great Toe ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Proximal Migration ◽

Original Concept

Sixty-two feet in 39 patients who were treated by insertion of a silastic ball spacer prosthesis into the first metatarsophalangeal joint for hallux valgus or hallux rigidus have been reviewed with a follow-up time of between 2 and 6 years. Twenty-one results (34%) were excellent, 27 (43%) were fair, 13 (21%) were poor, and one was revised. Seventeen feet (27%) had some metatarsalgia at followup. Results were disappointing in the young patients; in 19 cases of hallux valgus under the age of 45, 8 were either poor or had been revised. The original concept of the silastic ball spacer was to maintain great toe length and prevent proximal migration of the sesamoids. However 60% of these feet showed settling of the prosthesis or new bone formation around the prosthesis and 54% had more than 2 mm proximal migration of the sesamoid bones. The symptomatic results in these patients were similar to those in whom great toe length had been successfully maintained. The silastic ball spacer infrequently achieves its aims, however maintenance of hallux length does not seem to be important in the symptomatic result.

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Rolled Tendon Allograft Interposition Arthroplasty for Salvage Surgery of the Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Joint

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/1071100717746609 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 458-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Danielle Thomas ◽

David Thordarson

Keyword(s):

Operative Procedure ◽

Case Series ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Joint Space ◽

Hallux Rigidus ◽

Salvage Treatment ◽

High Rate ◽

Interposition Arthroplasty ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Interpositional Arthroplasty

Background: Hallux rigidus is a common osteoarthritic disease of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). Few salvage treatment options exist that preserve motion for patients who have failed an initial procedure and who are not amenable to fusion, typically patients who are active or who would like to wear high heels. Allograft tendon interpositional arthroplasty is an unconventional salvage treatment option that may preserve motion and prevent bone loss. Methods: A retrospective chart review is reported of 19 patients who failed previous procedures and refused fusion who underwent allograft tendon interpositional arthroplasty of the hallux MTPJ by a single surgeon between 2012 and 2015. Outcomes included the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale assessment as well as measurement of apparent joint space on anterior to posterior and lateral views. Results: The cumulative average AOFAS score for all patients was 68.5 preoperatively and 74.1 postoperatively. The average AOFAS pain subscore was 24.7 preoperatively and 26.8 postoperatively (SD = 7.7 and 13.8, respectively). Radiographically, patients had an increase in apparent joint space from pre- to postoperatively, most notable on the lateral view (0.6 to 4.7 mm; SD = 0.7 and 3.2 mm). Five patients required a second operative procedure, for an overall 26% reoperation rate. One patient underwent hallux MTPJ fusion after the interpositional arthroplasty. An additional 4 patients (21%) had symptoms requiring a steroid injection, and another 3 patients (16%) were recommended to undergo a revision procedure based on their symptoms. Conclusion: Rolled allograft tendon interposition arthroplasty performed poorly as a salvage strategy for failed previous hallux MTPJ surgery for hallux rigidus because of a high rate of complication and minimal benefits. The senior author has abandoned the technique. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.

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Is Interposition Arthroplasty a Viable Option for Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hallux Rigidus? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011418s00425 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 2473011418S0042

Author(s):

Ashish Shah ◽

Harshadkumar Patel ◽

Sameer Naranje ◽

Henry DeBell ◽

Andrew McGee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Hallux Rigidus ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Viable Option ◽

Interposition Arthroplasty ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Hallux rigidus is a painful arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint that causes progressive loss of mobility. Treatment options include activity modifications, analgesics, corticosteroids, and surgery. Arthrodesis of the MTP joint is considered the gold standard treatment for hallux rigidus, but it is often reserved for advanced. Interposition arthroplasty uses a spacer taken from an autograft, allograft, or synthetic material. For patients with severe arthritic diseases who would like to preserve MTP joint function, interposition arthroplasty may be a viable option. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate patient outcomes after undergoing interposition arthroplasty of the MTP joint. The objectives are to determine if this technique is practical for patients who would prefer to avoid arthrodesis, and to systematically analyze post-operative improvement. Methods: The systematic review was performed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses) guidelines. Medline, pubmed, Embase, and Cohrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDRS) were searched for publications from 2000 to 2017. Duplicates were then removed, and titles and abstracts were reviewed to confirm the relevance f the study. Studies were included if they reported results of first MTP joint interposition arthroplasty in one of the well-known scoring systems: AOFAS, FFI, or SF-36. Studies also were also required to have a 12 month follow up. Systematic review and data extraction were performed on all selected studies. Means were recorded and placed in tables for all variables including scoring results and complication rates. A linear regression model comparing the change in preoperative to postoperative AOFAS scores between the autogenous versus allogenous interposition materials was performed. Results: Database searches produced 574 articles for review. 15 of these were included in the systematic review. Mean AOFAS score was improved from 41.35 preoperatively to 83.17 postoperatively. Mean pain, function, and alignment scores improved from preoperative values of 14.9, 24.9, and 10 to postoperative values of 33.3, 35.8, and 14.5. Mean dorsiflexion increased from 21.27 degrees (5-30) to 42.03 degrees (25-71). Mean ROM improved from 21.06 to 46.43 degrees. Eighty-seven percent of patients were satisfied to highly satisfied with their surgery and would choose surgery again. Joint space increased by 0.8 mm to 2.5 mm. The most common complications included metatarsalgia (13.9%), loss of ground contact (9.7%), osteonecrosis (5.4%), great toe weakness (4.8%), hypoesthesia (4.2%), decreased push off power (4.2%), and callous formation (4.2%). Conclusion: The management of hallux rigidus remains heavily debated. This systematic review of the current literature suggests that interposition arthroplasty is a viable short and intermediate term treatment for hallux rigidus in terms of patient satisfaction, pain scores, and AOFAS scores. Further studies with greater sample sizes, more uniform methods, and longer follow-up times are needed to further support the superiority of interposition arthroplasty.

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Kinematics of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint in Intact and Surgically Altered Cadavers

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/107110079701800304 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 132-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Craig Nevin

Keyword(s):

Hallux Valgus ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Proximal Phalanx ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Hallux Rigidus ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

First Metatarsal ◽

Silicone Prosthesis

The kinematics of the first metatarsophalangeal joint were investigated in five embalmed cadaver feet (three normal, one hallux valgus, one hallux rigidus). Sagittal displacements of the first metatarsal relative to the proximal phalanx were measured during first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiplantarflexion; first in intact cadavers, then with an intact capsule sans extracapsular soft tissues (hallux amputated at the first metatarsal cuneiform joint), and finally with a double-stem silicone prosthesis inserted. In the intact cadaver, the base of the metatarsal is raised by FMTP dorsiflexion in a manner similar to a cam. However, this effect ceased when the extracapsular soft tissues were removed. Silicone arthroplasty did not restore cam function.

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Treatment of End-Stage Hallux Rigidus and Impact of Arthrodesis versus Arthroplasty on Patient Reported Outcomes

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011417s000129 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 2473011417S0001

Author(s):

Monique Chambers ◽

MaCalus Hogan ◽

Dukens LaBaze

Keyword(s):

Patient Reported Outcomes ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Hallux Rigidus ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Outcome Scores ◽

Vas Scores ◽

End Stage

Category: Bunion, Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Hallux rigidus is a degenerative disease of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Severe, end-stage hallux rigidus can become debilitating with surgical intervention becoming necessary once conservative measures and shoe modifications have failed. Joint salvage procedures include metatarsal phalangeal (MTP) arthrodesis and MTP arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to assess for differences in patient reported outcomes in two cohorts who underwent fusion or joint reconstruction. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of 385 patients from an academic medical institution. Patients who underwent surgical intervention from July 2015 to November 2016 were identified based on CPT codes for MTP arthrodesis (28750) and arthroplasty (28293). We extracted outcome scores including SF12-M, SF12-P, FAAM, and VAS scores. Exclusion criteria included poly-trauma, revision procedures, and lack of pre and post-operative outcome scores. Mann- Whitney t-test was performed using GraphPad Prism version 7.0b for Mac to compare procedure groups, with significance define by a p-value of 0.05. Results: A total of eighteen patients met the inclusion criteria, with 6 who underwent arthroplasty and 12 arthrodesis. The average age was 63.7 amongst the cohort, with a total of 16 female and 2 males. Patients who underwent arthrodesis had better outcomes across all parameters. When comparing preoperative and postoperative scores, arthrodesis patients showed greater improvement of SF12-M (arthrodesis 9 vs arthroplasty -2, p=0.05), and SF12-P (9 vs -16, respectively p=0.05) scores. Arthroplasty patients were more likely to have a decrease in their SF-12 scores. VAS scores and FAAM scores showed no statistical difference between the two cohorts. Postoperative VAS scores were worse in 33% of arthroplasty patients despite surgical intervention, compared to 10% of arthrodesis patients. Conclusion: Our results suggests that both procedures provide a statistically significant difference in pain with several patients having a Global Rate of Change that is “very much better”. However, fusion of the metatarsophalangeal joint results in improved pain and functional outcomes for patients with severe hallux rigidus. These findings are consistent with current reports in the literature, which are mostly case series reports. Larger studies are needed to provide appropriate power and better support the findings of this study.

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Arthrodesis of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint by Plate and Screws for Treatment of Hallux Rigidus (Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis)

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab104.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ossama Abdelraoof El Shazly ◽

Mohamed Mokhtar Abdellah ◽

Mostafa Abdelnabee Abouzaid

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Plate Fixation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Hallux Rigidus ◽

Superficial Infection ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Non Union ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background With continued loss of dorsiflexion of the 1st MTP, degenerative changes occur within the joint with severe restriction of movement and increase in pain, which leads to the condition known as hallux rigidus. The amount of dorsiflexion may be reduced to 0-10 degrees with pain on both active and passive motion. Objectives Systematically reviewing available evidence from published articles to assess the effectiveness of arthrodesis of first metatarsophalangeal joint by plate and screws in hallux rigidus. The assessment also would encompass safety, side effects, and complications of this mode of treatment. Materials and Methods We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. PRISMA and MOOSE are reporting checklists for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. According to International committee of medical journal association (ICJME), reviewers must report their findings according to each of the items listed in those checklists. Results Previous results for arthrodesis have been favourable with a union rate of almost 96%. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the overall effect estimates showed that the union rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 96.2% (95% CI 94 – 98.4%). In addition, the overall effect estimates showed that the non-union rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 4.2% (95% CI 2.4 – 6.1%). Moreover, the overall effect estimates showed that the satisfaction rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 94.5% (95% CI 90 – 99%). In the present study, the overall effect estimates showed that the overall complications rate after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 7.2% (95% CI 2.5 – 12%). The overall effect estimates showed that the malunion rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 2.7% (95% CI 0 – 6.4%). Additionally, the overall effect estimates showed that the hardware removal and superficial infection rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ were 2% and 2.9%, respectively. Conclusion Our analysis showed that plate and screws fixation is effective techniques that can be used for first MTPJ arthrodesis in patients with hallux rigidus. We found that the screw and plate fixation has a significantly lower rate of nonunion compared with the screw alone, as reported by the literature. However, owing to the small group sizes and methodologic shortcomings, we were unable to identify the clinically superior fixation technique for first MTPJ arthrodesis arthrodesis.

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