The use of non-spatial strategies in the Direction Orientation Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 802-806
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Coyne ◽  
Noelle L. Brown ◽  
Cyrus K. Foroughi ◽  
Ciara Sibley ◽  
Emily Sexauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Spatial Strategy ◽  
Mathematical Solution ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Orientation Task ◽  
Variable Population ◽  
Naval Aviators ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Military

Spatial ability has been identified as one of the skills needed to be a pilot. However, the test used by the military to measure this ability, the Direction Orientation Task (DOT), has a number of problems. The DOT2, was developed to address issues such as a ceiling effect and the limited number of possible trials. The initial DOT2 validation was done with a group of Naval Aviators, however the current study sought to collect further evidence, within a more variable population. A group of students completed the new DOT2 task, along with a survey on strategy use. We found that the percentage of time participants reported using a math strategy on the task was highly correlated with accuracy whereas the use of a spatial strategy was negatively correlated with accuracy. A similar mathematical solution can be applied to the original DOT, suggesting neither tests may be measuring spatial ability.

Does a New Version of the Direction Orientation Task Measure Spatial Ability?

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1556-1560
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Sweet ◽  
Joseph Coyne ◽  
Nathan Herdener ◽  
Anthony J. Ries
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Block Rotation ◽  
Spatial Strategy ◽  
Math Ability ◽  
Orientation Task ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Us Air Force ◽  
The Us ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Task Measure

The US Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps use the direction orientation task (DOT) to assess spatial ability of potential pilots. However, recent research has shown limitations with the current implementation of the DOT, as well as an earlier candidate replacement the DOT 2. Specifically, there is evidence to suggest that the use of a math strategy and math ability may be related to performance on both tasks. The focus of the current paper is on the evaluation of a revised version of the DOT task (DOT 2.5) designed to encourage the use of spatial solutions by removing the numerical values from the task. We compared the performance of DOT 2.5 with previously validated measures of spatial ability, namely the paper folding and block rotation tasks. We also asked participants how often they employed different strategies on the task (e.g., a spatial strategy or mathematical one). Our results show the DOT 2.5 is significantly related to spatial ability as measured with block rotation. However, while participants were three times more likely to use a spatial strategy on the task, only the use of a math strategy was related to improved performance.

Spatial strategy use is measurable and predictive of performance

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Roskos-Ewoldsen ◽  
Jillian L. Prestopnik ◽  
Adam Hutcheson ◽  
J. Henry McKeen
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Use ◽  
Spatial Strategy

The reputation-building process and spatial strategies of creative industries: A case study of product design firms in Taipei

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Local Dynamic ◽  
Spatial Strategy ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Design Firms ◽  
Reputation Building

Extant research has increasingly recognized that local reputation determines creative firms’ competitiveness. However, current research over-emphasizes that the spatial cluster facilitates the innovation dynamic of creative industries rather than investigating whether the trans-local dynamic of trade fairs and competitions underpins the reputation-building process of local creative industries. This paper contributes to exploring the reputation-building process and spatial strategy of creative industries through a case study of product design firms in Taipei. Drawing on a qualitative methodology, this paper analyses 35 in-depth interviews with product design company executives, concluding that the spatial strategy of product design firms situated in the Taipei city context must acknowledge local strategic advantage and increasingly build a reputation through connections to trans-local design fairs and competitions. Meanwhile, the reputation-building process reflects that product design firms must capture and negotiate symbolic value through a strategic co-presence in local, regional, and global temporary event spaces. Finally, the process and strategies imply that the design industry needs a new form of intervention in latecomer cities to respond to the uneven development of the global design economy.

Team Combat Identification: Effects of Gender, Spatial Visualization, and Disagreement

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082090228
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Baker ◽  
Joseph R. Keebler ◽  
Emily C. Anania ◽  
David Schuster ◽  
John P. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Team Communication ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Team Processes ◽  
Gender Dyads ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military

Objective The combat identification (CID) abilities of same-gender and mixed-gender dyads were experimentally assessed, along with measures of spatial skills and team communication. Background CID is a high-stakes decision-making task involving discrimination between friendly and enemy forces. Literature on CID is primarily focused on the individual, but the extensive use of teams in the military means that more team-based research is needed in this area. Method After a set of training sessions, 39 dyads were tasked with identifying 10 armored vehicles in a series of pictures and videos. Team communication was recorded, transcribed, and coded for instances of disagreements. Results Analyses indicated that males scored higher on a spatial visualization measure than did females. M-M teams performed significantly better than M-F teams on the CID task, but when spatial ability and team disagreements were added as predictors, the effect of team gender composition became nonsignificant. Spatial ability and team disagreement were significant predictors of team CID performance. Conclusion Results suggest that spatial skills and team disagreement behaviors are more important for team CID performance than a team’s gender composition. To our knowledge, this is the first lab study of team CID. Application This research highlights the importance of understanding both individual differences (e.g., spatial skills) and team processes (e.g., communication) within CID training environments in the military context.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Penggunaan Ruang dan Strategi Spasial Home-Based Enterprise dalam konteks Informalitas

Arsitektura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Pascal Rivandi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Spatial Strategy ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Spatial Use

<p class="Abstract"><em>Home-Based Enterprise as one type of informality in urban area with home as the main resource. This paper analyses home-based enterprises focusing on identifying characteristics of spatial use in Home-Based Enterprise which is divided into three type of bussiness, production, service and sales. The characteristics spatial use of the three types of Home-Based Enterprise, are very different and will determine spatial strategies in HBE development. Spatial strategy is a step to develop Home-Based Enterprise, through an adaptive strategy consisting of adaptation strategy by sharing, adaptation strategy by extending and adaptation strategy by shifting. The case study method conducted in making this paper is qualitative by describing characteristics of spatial use concerning on the home-based enterprises and spatial strategies based on the three types of Home-Based Enterprise. It is concluded that there is a relationship between the characteristics of spatial use and spatial strategies in the development of Home-Based Enterprise.</em></p>

Decision Making in Naval Aviation: Contextual Factors Influencing Cue and Factor Saliency

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
Melissa B. Denihan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Decision Method ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Naval Aviators ◽  
The Military ◽  
Depth Interviews

Aeronautical decision making research has focused almost exclusively on general and commercial aviation - with little attention given to the military aviation domain. This research has also been limited by its lack of realism and/or inability to probe aviators for additional clarifying information relevant to their decisions. This study addresses these shortcomings by using in-depth interviews of critical incidents guided by the critical decision method to gain a deeper understanding of the decision making process of experienced naval aviators during novel or unexpected situations in flight. Through this method, two contextual factors in the military aviation environment not previously addressed were identified: (a) the purpose of the flight; and (b) the flight operation environment. These two factors were found to influence each other in addition to impacting the saliency of certain cues and factors for the aviators. Implications for military aviator training and other domains of aviation are discussed.

State rescaling and large-scale urban development projects in China: The case of Lingang New Town, Shanghai

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2564-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Rebecca Lai Har Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
State Space ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Spatial Strategy ◽  
New Town ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Spatial Strategies

Large-scale urban development projects have become the main vehicle by which targeted interventions for place- and scale-specific state initiatives unfold, triggering a series of processes that are associated with the rescaling of state space. This study aims to understand the place-specific conditions, pathways and strategies whereby states’ spatial and scalar restructuring takes place in urban development projects (UDPs) within China’s political economic contexts, and in turn how UDPs act as critical lenses for viewing the changing nature of state spatial strategy in China, through a case study of the Lingang New Town in Shanghai. The major findings are: UDPs in China function as tools not just for land value extraction but also for scale-making to cater to the state’s pursuits of place-specific competitiveness in the global economy; the restructuring of the state apparatus and regulatory frameworks is driven by place-specific tensions and crises triggered by earlier rounds of state rescaling; the state chose state-agents rather than market-agents to reinforce its power, and thus the state space expands through development of UDPs; through developing UDPs, China’s spatial strategies have explicitly and officially engaged with the discourse of globalisation while implicitly engaging with geographically variegated practices of neoliberalisation. At the theoretical level, this article facilitates an investigation of how China’s state spatial strategy, characterised by geographically and chronologically variegated engagement with neoliberalism, is actualised through UDPs. It also demonstrates how, despite being a socialist polity, pragmatic market measures and downscaling are taken as transient measures in times of need.

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