Visual Workload of the Copilot/Navigator during Terrain Flight

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Sanders ◽  
Ronald R. Simmons ◽  
Mark A. Hofmann ◽  
J. Nicholas DeBonis
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Us ◽  
Low Altitude

The emphasis on aviator workload has been of primary concern to the US Army aviation community since the incorporation of low altitude terrain flight techniques into the helicopter tactics repertory. Since navigation has been a particularly acute problem at low altitudes, this project examined the visual workload of the navigator/copilot during terrain flight (nap-of-the-earth, contour and low level) in a UH-1H helicopter. Visual performance was measured via a modified NAC Eye Mark Recorder used in conjunction with a LO-CAM high speed camera. This technique provided the means to objectively record and analyze the navigator's visual performance through the examination of: (1) visual time inside the cockpit on flight and engine instruments, (2) time inside the cockpit on the map or other navigation aids, and (3) time outside the cockpit in various windscreen sectors. A visual free time task (Strother, 1973) was utilized to determine the amount of visual time the navigator had available, during flight over the prescribed course, for a nonflight related task. The data indicate that the navigator's normal workload was demanding; the visual free time task was utilized only 3% of the total time. The data also indicate that the duty of navigating required 92.2% of the copilot's total visual time while the engine and flight instruments were utilized only 4% of the time. These data are discussed in relation to the copilot's specified duties.

Visual Workload of the Copilot/Navigator during Terrain Flight

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Sanders ◽  
Ronald R. Simmons ◽  
Mark A. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The U.S

The emphasis on aviator workload has been of primary concern to the U.S. Army aviation community since the incorporation of low altitude terrain flight techniques into the helicopter tactics repertory. Since navigation is a particularly acute problem at low altitudes, this project examined the visual workload of the navigator/copilot during terrain flight (nap-of-the-earth, contour, and low level) in a UH-1H helicopter. Visual performance was measured via a modified NAC Eye Mark Recorder used in conjunction with a LOCAM high speed camera. This technique provided the means to record objectively and analyze the navigator's visual performance. A visual free time task was utilized to determine the amount of visual time the navigator had available, during flight over the prescribed course, for a nonflight-related task. The data indicate that the navigator's normal workload was demanding; the visual free time task was utilized only 3% of the total time. The data also indicate that the duty of navigating required 92.2% of the copilot's total visual time, while the engine and flight instruments were utilized only 4% of the time. These data are discussed in relation to the copilot's specified duties.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
David Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Alternative View ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
American Fiction ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
Signal Corps ◽  
British Cinema ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
Key Terms

This chapter establishes a genealogy of the concept of ‘connectivity’ from the foundation of the US Army Signal Corps in 1860 (motto: ‘Getting the message through’) via cybernetics and information theory to the first stirrings of the World Wide Web in the 1990s (motto: ‘What matters is in the connections’). Three key terms are defined and briefly illustrated: signal, medium, interface. The book’s primary concern is with literature’s ability to illuminate from within the complex, vivid, unpredictable romance the principle of connectivity has woven through the enduring human desire and need for remote intimacy. It offers, in its first part, an alternative view of canonical ‘British’ writing from the Victorian era to modernism; and, in its second, case studies of European and African-American fiction, and of interwar British cinema, designed to open the topic up for further enquiry.

Aerodynamic Development of a Radial Compressor for a 10-kw Turboalternator

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Radial Compressor ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
The Us ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Axial Clearance

The aerodynamic development of a small high-speed radial compressor for the US Army 10-kw turboalternator is discussed, including initial performance deficiencies arising from blade contour discrepancies. Design performance requirements were attained by correcting these discrepancies and subsequently were exceeded with further geometry refinements. Aerodynamic testing included an investigation concerning the effect of shroud axial clearance on compressor performance and showed that abradable shrouds are desirable for small compressors.

Neuro-Optometric Treatment of Complications from a Cerebellar Astrocytoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 304-312
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Pilocytic Astrocytomas ◽  
The Us ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
The Brain

Background: Insult to the brain, whether from trauma or other etiologies, can have a devastating effect on an individual. Symptoms can be many and varied, depending on the location and extent of damage. This presentation can be a challenge to the optometrist charged with treating the sequelae of this event as multiple functional components of the visual system can be affected. Case Report: This paper describes the diagnosis and subsequent ophthalmic management of an acquired brain injury in a 22 year old male on active duty in the US Army. After developing acute neurological symptoms, the patient was diagnosed with a pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellum. Emergent neurosurgery to treat the neoplasm resulted in iatrogenic cranial nerve palsies and a hemispheric syndrome. Over the next 18 months, he was managed by a series of providers, including a strabismus surgeon, until presenting to our clinic. Lenses, prism, and in-office and out-of-office neurooptometric rehabilitation therapy were utilized to improve his functioning and make progress towards his goals. Conclusions: Pilocytic astrocytomas are the most common primary brain tumors, and the vast majority are benign with excellent surgical prognosis. Although the most common site is the cerebellum, the visual pathway is also frequently affected. If the eye or visual system is affected, optometrists have the ability to drastically improve quality of life with neuro-optometric rehabilitation.

EDUCATIONAL-TRAINING FACILITIES OF GROUND US FORCES

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
D.B. Izyumov ◽  
E.L. Kondratyuk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Army Personnel

The article discusses issues related to the development and use of training means and facilities in order to improve the level of training of US Army personnel. An overview of the main simulators used in the US Armed Forces at present is given, and the prospects for the development of the United States in this area are presented.

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