Interaction of the Circadian Rhythm with the Effects of Continuous Work and Sleep-II

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-486
Author(s):  
Glynn D. Coates ◽  
Bill R. Brown ◽  
Ben B. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Work Period ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Synthetic Work

The synthetic-work approach was employed in an investigation of the effects of continuous work and sleep loss on sustained performance. Two crews of five subjects each worked continuously for 36 hr., slept 4 hr., and then returned to work 8 hr. per day. During the continuous-work period, one crew began work at 0400 hr. and the other at 1600 hr. Performance decrements were found to be significantly larger (33% as compared to 11%) and recovery to be less complete for the crew whose continuous work began during the low portion of the subjects' circadian rhythm (i.e., the crew beginning at 0400 hr.). Comparisons of these data with other continuous-work investigations (in which the continuous-work periods began at other points of the subjects' circadian rhythm) indicate that the circadian rhythm constitutes a primary determiner of man's ability to work continuously for extended periods of time and to recover from the effects of continuous work and sleep loss.

Effects on Sustained Performance of 48 Hours of Continuous Work and Sleep Loss

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben B. Morgan ◽  
Bill R. Brown ◽  
Earl A. Alluisi
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Synthetic Work ◽  
Work Technique ◽  
Measures Of Performance

The work efficiency of 10 subjects during a 48-hr period of continuous work and sleep loss was assessed using the synthetic-work technique. Performance during the period of stress was found to be significantly influenced by the circadian rhythm. Decrements first occurred after approximately 18 hr of continuous work, and performance decreased to an average of 82% of baseline during the early morning hours of the first night. Performance improved to about 90% of baseline during the daytime of the second day but decreased to approximately 67% during that night. All measures of performance recovered to baseline levels following a 24-hr period of rest and recovery.

Effects of 48 Hours of Continuous Work and Sleep Loss on Work Performance of Males and Females

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 547-548
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Miller ◽  
Glynn D. Coates ◽  
Raymond H. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Male Subjects

The effects of extended periods of sleep loss and continuous work on complex human performance in male subjects have been fairly well documented (cf., Alluisi, Coates, & Morgan, 1977; Morgan, Brown, & Alluisi, 1974; Morgan, Brown, Coates, & Alluisi, 1974). However, similar data are unavailable for the female worker. Further, the results of these previous studies have indicated that, for male subjects, the underlying circadian rhythm interacts with the effects of sleep loss and continuous work (Alluisi, et al., 1977). If it can be assumed that the interactive effects of the circadian rhythm are due in part to an underlying physiological cycle, it is reasonable to hypothesize that similar interactive effects would be observed in systematic investigations of the effects of 48 hours of sleep loss and continuous work at various points of the menstrual cycle in females. The purposes of the present series of investigations were, therefore, twofold: (1) To determine the effects of 48 hours of continuous work and sleep loss on complex human performance in female subjects with a goal of providing direct comparisons of male and female performances under identical conditions, and (2) To determine the effects of the menstrual cycle, if any, as it interacts with the effects of sleep loss and continuous work.

Are membrane properties essential for the circadian rhythm of Gonyaulax?

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. R250-R256
Author(s):  
H. G. Scholubbers ◽  
W. Taylor ◽  
L. Rensing
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Free Running Period

Membrane properties of whole cells of Gonyaulax polyedra were measured by fluorescence polarization. Circadian changes of fluorescence polarization exist in exponentially growing cultures. They show an amplitude larger than that of stationary cultures, indicating that a part of the change is due to or amplified by an ongoing cell cycle. Measurements of parameters of the circadian glow rhythm were analyzed for possible correlation with the membrane data. Considerable differences (Q10 = 2.5-3.0) in fluorescence polarization were found in cultures kept at different temperatures ranging from 15 to 27.5 degrees C. The free-running period length at different temperatures, on the other hand, differed only slightly (Q10 = 0.9-1.1). Stationary cultures showed higher fluorescence polarization compared with growing cultures, whereas the free-running period lengths did not differ in cultures of various densities and growth rates. Temperature steps of different sign changed the fluorescence polarization slightly in different directions. The phase shift of 4-h pulses (-5, -9, +7 degrees C) resulted in maximal phase advances of 4, 6, and 2 h, respectively. The phasing of the phase-response curves was identical in all these experiments, a finding not to be expected if the pulses act via the measured membrane properties. Pulses of drugs that change the fluorescence polarization (e.g., chlorpromazine and lidocaine) did not or only slightly phase-shift the circadian rhythm.

scholarly journals Sleep in schizophrenia: Time for closer attention

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Wilson ◽  
Spilios Argyropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Research ◽  
The Past

SummaryRecent sleep research has highlighted two specific anomalies in schizophrenia that have a proven impact on cognition. One is an abnormality of circadian rhythm, reported in this journal in two separate studies over the past year, and the other is the finding in electroencephalograms of reduced sleep spindles.

New uses of Melatonin as a Drug, a Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Regulation Of Cell Cycle ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases

Abstract: Melatonin is a simple compound with a proper chemical name N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine and known as a hormone controlling circadian rhythm. Humans produce melatonin at night which is the reason for sleeping in the night and awakening over the day. Melatonin interacts with melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 but it was also revealed that melatonin is a strong antioxidant and it also has a role in regulation of cell cycle. Currently, melatonin is used as a drug for some types of sleep disorder but the recent research points to the fact that melatonin can also serve for the other purposes including prophylaxis or therapy of lifestyle diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and exposure to chemicals. This review summarizes basic facts and direction of the current research on melatonin. The actual literature was scrutinized for the purpose of this review.

Interroga virtutes naturales: Nature in Giles of Rome’s On Ecclesiastical Power

Vivarium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-50
Author(s):  
Peter Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Marsilius Of Padua

AbstractGiles of Rome’s On Ecclesiastical Power (De ecclesiastica potestate), a polemical work arguing for the political supremacy of the pope, claims that the papacy holds a ‘plenitude of power’ and has direct or indirect authority over all aspects of human life. This paper shows how Giles uses themes from natural philosophy in developing his argument. He compares cosmic and human ordering and draws an analogy between the relations of soul to body and of Church to state. He also understands the pope’s power to be ‘universal’ in nature, another idea taken from Aristotelian physics. Further, Giles views the pope’s right to intervene arbitrarily in the affairs of the Christian community as mirroring God’s ability to work miracles. We thus see that Giles, no less than intellectuals on the other side of this debate such as Dante and Marsilius of Padua, believed that Aristotelian natural philosophy could be enlisted in the service of political thought.

Effects of Sleep Loss and Strenuous Physical Activity on the Rest–Activity Circadian Rhythm

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Calogiuri ◽  
Andi Weydahl ◽  
Eliana Roveda
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strenuous Physical Activity ◽  
Prolonged Fatigue ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
Rest Activity

Objective. Rest–activity circadian rhythm is strongly linked to an organism’s entrainment. Sleep loss and prolonged fatigue could affect the circadian system, inducing neurobehavioral deficits. The Finnmarksløpet is Europe’s longest dogsled race. In this competition, lasting up to 7 days, participants (mushers) are physically active most of the time, having little and fragmented rest. Therefore, the race provides an opportunity to investigate the effects of prolonged fatigue and sleep loss. Methods. Ten mushers, participating in the 500 km and 1,000 km categories, underwent continuous actigraph monitoring (5 days) before and after the race. During the competition, heart rate (HR) was recorded by an HR monitor. Results. There was a reduction in the average activity values during the 24-hr cycle after the race. Although there were signs of a forward phase shift, these were weak and unstable. Nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis (NPCRA) showed reductions in interdaily stability (IS) and relative amplitude (RA). 1,000 km mushers also showed sleep disturbances. Conclusion. A period of 3 days of little and fragmented sleep (3–4 hr of total rest per day), in which subjects were engaged in a prolonged physical effort, was enough to significantly affect the rest–activity rhythm. A longer period (5 days) in such a condition induced even more accentuated alterations, with a disturbance in nocturnal sleep. Disrupted sleep is common among hospitalized patients and those working long shifts. This study demonstrates changes in the structure of the rest–activity circadian rhythm that can result and may suggest opportunities for intervention.

Changes in the Performance of a Synthetic Work Task as a Function of Age, Gender, and Sleep Deprivation

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Nesthus ◽  
Alfretia L. Scarborough ◽  
David J. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Performance Testing ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Work Task ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Synthetic Work

A 34-hour sleep-loss study was conducted as part of a larger Department of Transportation-Federal Aviation Administration (DOT/FAA) fatigue research program to assess the ability of traditional and innovative measures to track drowsiness and fatigue. Twenty-seven subjects were grouped by age and gender, and randomly paired for weekend testing. Performance testing using a synthetic work task was completed 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, and 34 hr after waking at 6 am. The pattern of significant effects indicated that performance changes were associated with age, gender, and sleep loss. Significant age differences were found across sessions for a number of measures. Generally, the younger group demonstrated better overall performance than the older group; however, the performance of the younger group declined across sessions while the older group's performance remained relatively stable. Like previous research, the complex, time-sharing, synthetic work-task may have contributed to the age group differences. Two simple cognitive and psychomotor tasks also used in this study showed a significant age-related difference in only one measure. A better tolerance to the sleep-loss condition may explain the stable performance of the older group across sessions. Gender differences occurred during the latter sessions for several measures. The younger female group demonstrated the most significant decline in task performance across the last three sessions, presumably due to sleep loss-induced fatigue.

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