Convergence-Divergence with Extended Practice: Three Applications

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Extended Practice ◽  
Simple Notion ◽  
External Measure

When a task is practiced, its correlation with an external measure may increase, decrease, or remain the same, to take only linear possibilities into account. If the correlation increases, the task is said to converge on the external measure; if it decreases, the task diverges from the external measure. This simple notion has many applications, some of them entailing important theoretical consequences. The present paper discusses three of these applications.

Patients with chronic diseases: tomorrow, all sentinels?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10502
Author(s):  
Jean-David Cohen ◽  
Cyril Crozet ◽  
Jean-François d’Ivernois ◽  
Rémi Gagnayre
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
External Measure

Very old studies and clinical experiences of physicians already signal the ability of some patients to feel subclinical signs. These patients are called sentinel patients because they can anticipate crisis very early and therefore intervene quickly to prevent them. Studies have shown that these patients develop these skills from their own experience, in steps which are similar to quasi-experimental research. They test and adjust their competence all the more easily as they have an objective external measure available. This faculty of patients suggests the possibility of using medical devices as a means of learning for patients to tutor themselves in support of this singular skill.

scholarly journals Development and Early Evaluation of an Inter-professional Post-licensure Education Programme for Extended Practice Roles in Arthritis Care

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Lundon ◽  
Rachel Shupak ◽  
Rayfel Schneider ◽  
Jodi Herold McIlroy
Keyword(s):  
Education Programme ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Extended Practice

Feedback versus an Illusion in Time

Perception ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G Jamieson ◽  
William M Petrusic
Keyword(s):  
Presentation Order ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Information Feedback ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Time Order ◽  
Extended Practice ◽  
Duration Comparison ◽  
Response Biases

The accuracy of many perceptual comparisons depends greatly on the order in which the to-be-compared stimuli are presented. With comparisons of durations around 300 ms, these presentation-order effects do not diminish, even with extended practice, when feedback about response accuracy is withheld. Providing such feedback greatly diminishes presentation-order effects and coincidentally produces substantial increases in response accuracy. The feedback acts in part through inducing response biases and in part through changes in sensitivity. The contradiction between studies which report time-order errors in duration comparison and those which do not is attributable to differences in the use of information feedback.

An integrated view of innate immune mechanisms in C. elegans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Harding ◽  
Jonathan J. Ewbank
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Molecular Specificity ◽  
Simple Notion

The simple notion ‘infection causes an immune response' is being progressively refined as it becomes clear that immune mechanisms cannot be understood in isolation, but need to be considered in a more global context with other cellular and physiological processes. In part, this reflects the deployment by pathogens of virulence factors that target diverse cellular processes, such as translation or mitochondrial respiration, often with great molecular specificity. It also reflects molecular cross-talk between a broad range of host signalling pathways. Studies with the model animal C. elegans have uncovered a range of examples wherein innate immune responses are intimately connected with different homeostatic mechanisms, and can influence reproduction, ageing and neurodegeneration, as well as various other aspects of its biology. Here we provide a short overview of a number of such connections, highlighting recent discoveries that further the construction of a fully integrated view of innate immunity.

How to Improve Board Accountability in ISO/IEC 38500 Based on IT Governance Implementations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
Carlos Juiz ◽  
Beatriz Gómez ◽  
Ricardo Colomo-Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Senior Executive ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Executive Team ◽  
Extended Practice ◽  
Good Number

With the standardization of Information Technology (IT) governance through ISO/IEC 38500 in the last decade, a good number of organizations have implemented IT governance (ITG) frameworks. Although it is not a fully extended practice. Given the fact that the use of balanced score cards (BSC) on ITG is not an unknown practice, the application of BSC in the implementation of ISO/IEC 38500 has been given less importance, since it normally appears as just examples of good practices. This work not only explains why the BSC's applicability to align IT with business in ISO/IEC 38500 implementations is not included in the standard, but also justifies the importance of BSC to report to the board or senior executive team in a clear way, without the details of the particular implementation framework of the standard. Thus, a framework that allows implementing IT BSCs within the context of IT governance is proposed, cascading objectives included in the strategic map through the tactical and operational level and backwards on the construction of the KPIs to better monitor IT.

scholarly journals In search of sports biomechanics’ holy grail: Can athlete-specific optimum sports techniques be identified?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stephen Glazier ◽  
Sina Mehdizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Holy Grail ◽  
Optimum Technique ◽  
Dynamic Landscape ◽  
Extended Practice ◽  
Technical Modifications ◽  
Sports Skills ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Sports Biomechanics

The development of methods that can identify athlete-specific optimum sports techniques—arguably the holy grail of sports biomechanics—is one of the greatest challenges for researchers in the field. This ‘perspectives article’ critically examines, from a dynamical systems theoretical standpoint, the claim that athlete-specific optimum sports techniques can be identified through biomechanical optimisation modelling. To identify athlete-specific optimum sports techniques, dynamical systems theory suggests that a representative set of organismic constraints, along with their non-linear characteristics, needs to be identified and incorporated into the mathematical model of the athlete. However, whether the athlete will be able to adopt, and reliably reproduce, his/her predicted optimum technique will largely be dependent on his/her intrinsic dynamics. If the attractor valley corresponding to the existing technique is deep, or if the attractor valleys corresponding to the existing technique and the predicted optimum technique are in different topographical regions of the dynamic landscape, technical modifications may be challenging or impossible to reliably implement even after extended practice. The attractor layout defining the intrinsic dynamics of the athlete, therefore, needs to be determined to establish the likelihood of the predicted optimum technique being reliably attainable by the athlete. Given the limited set of organismic constraints typically used in mathematical models of athletes, combined with the methodological challenges associated with mapping the attractor layout of an athlete, it seems unlikely that athlete-specific optimum sports techniques will be identifiable through biomechanical optimisation modelling for the majority of sports skills in the near future.

scholarly journals Adaptive Changes in the Dynamics of Visual Attention With Extended Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Junker ◽  
Bo Youn Park ◽  
Jacqueline C. Shin ◽  
Yang Seok Cho
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Extended Practice

Thoreau’s Epic Ambitions: “A Walk To Wachusett” and the Persistence of the Classics in an Age of Science

2017 ◽  
pp. 153-192
Author(s):  
K. P. Van Anglen
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
Original Goal ◽  
Simple Notion

The piece is the earliest example in Thoreau of a prose genre now known as the excursion, which combines a brief autobiographical account of an experience of nature with broader philosophical meditations on the natural world. Moreover, in “A Walk to Wachusett,” Thoreau also uses quotations from and allusions to Virgil's own earliest extant poems (the eclogues) to recreate in prose the tension found throughout Virgil's poetry between the themes of the pastoral and those of epic. Thoreau also thereby allies his own literary career to the progression first followed by Virgil, from pastoral to georgic to epic, known as the cursus honorum. This renders problematic any simple notion that he became a scientist later in his career. Rather, his interests in natural science merged with his original goal of writing epic poetry, in his treatment of Pliny the Elder's Natural History.

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