The Depth/Breadth Tradeoff in Hierarchical Computer Menus

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Computer Terminal ◽  
Semantic Hierarchy ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Important Design ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Goal acquisition speed and accuracy were compared for subjects using four different menu configurations of a semantic hierarchy on an interactive computer terminal. Depth (the number of menu levels) varied from one to six, while breadth (the number of choices per menu) varied from two to 64. Goal acquisition time for the four experimental groups produced a U-shaped function with a minimum at the configuration of two levels with eight choices per level. Error data corroborated the acquisition times demonstrating that the fastest conditions also produced the least errors. Optimization of the depth/breadth tradeoff can be an important design consideration in goal acquisition tasks requiring speed and accuracy.

scholarly journals Sabot Front Borerider Stiffness vs. Dispersion: Finding the Knee in the Curve

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Hathaway ◽  
John R. Burnett Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Curve ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Dispersion Characteristics ◽  
Radial Stiffness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Important Design

In the design of armor piercing, fin-stabilized, discarding sabot projectiles, the radial stiffness of the sabot front borerider has a significant impact on the projectile's dispersion and is, therefore, an important design consideration. Whether designing a new projectile or trying to improve an existing design, projectile designers can achieve front borerider stiffness without understanding its affect on dispersion characteristics. There is a knee in the stiffness vs. dispersion curve at which a change in the sabot front borerider stiffness will have a significant impact on dispersion or no impact at all depending on whether the stiffness is increased or decreased. The subject of this paper is an analytical approach to quantitatively determine the knee in the curve. Results from using this approach on the M865 APFSDS projectile are also presented.

scholarly journals Improving data acquisition speed and accuracy in sport using neural networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Christopher Papic ◽  
Ross H Sanders ◽  
Roozbeh Naemi ◽  
Marc Elipot ◽  
Jordan Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

A Fast Acquisition Algorithm for GNSS Multi-System Interoperability Signals

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 1025-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Liang Deng ◽  
Lu Yin ◽  
Yue Xi ◽  
Zhong Wei Zhan ◽  
Hui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Signal Systems ◽  
Fast Acquisition ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
Stop Time ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Modulated Signals ◽  
System Interoperability ◽  
Time Division

There are more acquisition cells and long stop time on each cell because of the features of the new GNSS signal systems. So the average acquisition time of the new signals increase much longer than the former one. The new signal features was analyzed at first in this paper, and then the acquisition algorithm of QPSK and MBOC modulated signals was introduced separately. A Multiplexing Channel of Time-Division technique and Multi-frequency aid algorithm was proposed to increase the acquisition speed. This new fast acquisition algorithm significantly reduced the average acquisition time of the new GNSS signal systems.

scholarly journals Chaos in small microbial communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad D Karkaria ◽  
Angelika Manhart ◽  
Alex J H Fedorec ◽  
Chris P Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Chaotic Dynamics ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Chaotic Behaviour ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Biological Engineering ◽  
Microbial Systems ◽  
Important Design ◽  
Synthetic Microbial Communities ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

Predictability is a fundamental requirement in biological engineering. As we move to building coordinated multicellular systems, the potential for such systems to display chaotic behaviour becomes a concern. Therefore understanding which systems show chaos is an important design consideration. We developed a methodology to explore the potential for chaotic dynamics in small microbial communities governed by resource competition, intercellular communication and competitive bacteriocin interactions. We show that we can expect to find chaotic states in relatively small synthetic microbial systems, understand the governing dynamics and provide insights into how to control such systems. This work is the first to query the existence of chaotic behaviour in synthetic microbial communities and has important ramifications for the fields of biotechnology, bioprocessing and synthetic biology.

Driving with Robots: Mind perception and propensity for aggressive driving

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1965-1970
Author(s):  
Karl Nachmann ◽  
Benjamin Pillot ◽  
Petrina Moore ◽  
Eva Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Mind Perception ◽  
Important Design

Mind perception, or the tendency to ascribe agency (i.e., the ability to plan and act) and experience (i.e., the ability to sense and feel) to others, is an important design consideration for human-robot inter-action since an agent’s mind status affects how we interact with it and how we interpret its behavior. The current study examines whether observable behaviors of robot-piloted autonomous vehicles are interpreted differently, lead to different emotional reactions and trigger different behaviors of the ob-server as a function of the robot driver’s perceived mind status. We expect that aggressive behavior of robot drivers perceived to be high in agency would be interpreted as more intentional, and as such would lead to stronger negative reactions and retaliatory behaviors. Consistent with our expectations, the robot driver high in agency was perceived as more intentional and elicited more irritation in partici-pants.

An Investigation of Slider Vibrations in Near Contact Recording Using a Digital Laser Doppler Vibrometer

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Yonemura ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Frank E. Talke
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Laser Doppler Vibrometer ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Skew Angle ◽  
Torsion Mode ◽  
And Control ◽  
Contact Recording ◽  
Important Design

At a flying height of 10 nanometers, contacts between slider and disk are likely to occur, and control of contact-induced slider vibrations is an important design consideration. In this study, slider vibrations during contact are investigated using a digital laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). The noise level of the digital interferometer is compared with that of a conventional analog LDV. In addition, acoustic emission (AE) sensors are used to evaluate the contact behavior of the slider. A comparison of AE and LDV data is performed. The results show that the noise level of the digital LDV is lower than that of the analog LDV, and that suspension sway mode vibrations and torsion mode vibrations are excited during contact as a function of the skew angle.

Pointing Devices in the Retail Environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-419
Author(s):  
Julie A. Huffman ◽  
Katherine R. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Target Acquisition ◽  
Retail Environment ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Large Ball ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Retailers are expanding customer service by introducing new services such as interior design, landscaping design and data base searches. Many of these applications are, Windows™-based software. Many of these software packages require use of an input device for pointing, selecting, and moving graphic objects. Retailers are now looking for ways to integrate pointing devices into retail workstations. This study was designed to evaluate different pointing devices and locations for placement on retail workstations. Four pointing devices (two styles of trackballs and two styles of X-Y positioning pads) in four locations on the retail workstation were evaluated. Three input tasks (single click, double click, and click-and-drag) were used to gather data on target acquisition speed and accuracy. Three questionnaires were used to assess user opinions on overall comfort, acquisition speed, and accuracy. The results indicated that the palm-operated trackball with a large ball, located 8 to 18 inches away from the user on a 36 to 40-inch high retail workstation was the most suitable for the retail environment.

Space for Lurking

2013 ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Design Pattern ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Pattern Approach ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Important Design

Despite its negative connotations, lurking is a valid activity for individuals entering an unfamiliar online social space, especially when deciding how to present themselves and their identity online. Providing the space and time for individuals to acclimatise to extant social rules and behaviours is an important design consideration. This chapter outlines key issues surrounding non-participative behaviour in online social spaces and describes the participatory design pattern approach that was used to develop a transferable solution to this recurring problem in the form of a design pattern.

scholarly journals Color Nameability Predicts Inference Accuracy in Spatial Visualizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairi Reda ◽  
Amey A. Salvi ◽  
Jack Gray ◽  
Michael Papka
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Discrete Representations ◽  
Geographical Maps ◽  
Perceptual Metrics ◽  
Important Design

Color encoding is foundational to visualizing quantitative data. Guidelines for colormap design have traditionally emphasized perceptual principles, such as order and uniformity. However, colors also evoke cognitive and linguistic associations whose role in data interpretation remains underexplored. We study how two linguistic factors, name salience and name variation, affect people's ability to draw inferences from spatial visualizations. In two experiments, we found that participants are better at interpreting visualizations when viewing colors with more salient names (e.g., prototypical 'blue', 'yellow', and 'red' over 'teal', 'beige', and 'maroon'). The effect was robust across four visualization types, but was more pronounced in continuous (e.g., smooth geographical maps) than in similar discrete representations (e.g., choropleths). Participants' accuracy also improved as the number of nameable colors increased, although the latter had a less robust effect. Our findings suggest that color nameability is an important design consideration for quantitative colormaps, and may even outweigh traditional perceptual metrics. In particular, we found that the linguistic associations of color are a better predictor of performance than the perceptual properties of those colors. We discuss the implications and outline research opportunities. The data and materials for this study are available at https://osf.io/asb7n

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document