scholarly journals Color Nameability Predicts Inference Accuracy in Spatial Visualizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairi Reda ◽  
Amey A. Salvi ◽  
Jack Gray ◽  
Michael Papka
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Discrete Representations ◽  
Geographical Maps ◽  
Perceptual Metrics ◽  
Important Design

Color encoding is foundational to visualizing quantitative data. Guidelines for colormap design have traditionally emphasized perceptual principles, such as order and uniformity. However, colors also evoke cognitive and linguistic associations whose role in data interpretation remains underexplored. We study how two linguistic factors, name salience and name variation, affect people's ability to draw inferences from spatial visualizations. In two experiments, we found that participants are better at interpreting visualizations when viewing colors with more salient names (e.g., prototypical 'blue', 'yellow', and 'red' over 'teal', 'beige', and 'maroon'). The effect was robust across four visualization types, but was more pronounced in continuous (e.g., smooth geographical maps) than in similar discrete representations (e.g., choropleths). Participants' accuracy also improved as the number of nameable colors increased, although the latter had a less robust effect. Our findings suggest that color nameability is an important design consideration for quantitative colormaps, and may even outweigh traditional perceptual metrics. In particular, we found that the linguistic associations of color are a better predictor of performance than the perceptual properties of those colors. We discuss the implications and outline research opportunities. The data and materials for this study are available at https://osf.io/asb7n

scholarly journals Sabot Front Borerider Stiffness vs. Dispersion: Finding the Knee in the Curve

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Hathaway ◽  
John R. Burnett Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Curve ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Dispersion Characteristics ◽  
Radial Stiffness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Important Design

In the design of armor piercing, fin-stabilized, discarding sabot projectiles, the radial stiffness of the sabot front borerider has a significant impact on the projectile's dispersion and is, therefore, an important design consideration. Whether designing a new projectile or trying to improve an existing design, projectile designers can achieve front borerider stiffness without understanding its affect on dispersion characteristics. There is a knee in the stiffness vs. dispersion curve at which a change in the sabot front borerider stiffness will have a significant impact on dispersion or no impact at all depending on whether the stiffness is increased or decreased. The subject of this paper is an analytical approach to quantitatively determine the knee in the curve. Results from using this approach on the M865 APFSDS projectile are also presented.

scholarly journals Nursing competence in Austria: Brightening the Black Box-A mixed methods study to estimate the content validity of the German version of the Nurse Professional Competence Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jan Daniel Kellerer ◽  
Matthias Rohringer ◽  
Isabella Raab ◽  
Daniela Deufert
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
German Version ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Nursing Competence ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Nurse Professional

The assessment of nursing-related competences by suitable instruments has become more relevant. Internationally, applicable instruments have been developed. The German-language version of the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale seems to be appropriate to measure competences of registered nurses in Austria. The psychometric properties of the scale have not been tested so far. The aim of this study was to examine the content validity of the German version of the NPC Scale. A mixed methods design was applied. Qualitative data were summarized by interpretative-reductive technique; the content validity index (CVI) was used to analyze the quantitative data. Data interpretation was performed by merging the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis. As a result of the content analysis, five categories were determined to summarize the comments and critique. These categories referred to insufficient precision of terms and items, lacking profile-specific scale content to the theoretical construct of nursing-related competences, missing adequacy of the scale for the use in all nursing-related settings, and annotations for the revision of single items. Quantitative analysis showed 85 of 88 items as content valid by computing each single item. The dimension-specific CVI/Averages ranged between 0.90 and 0.97, the CVI/Average for the whole scale was 0.93. After merging the results of both qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the NPC Scale can actually not be evaluated as a content valid instrument for assessing nursing-related competences in an Austrian context. Substantial item-specific and dimension-specific deficiencies imply that competences cannot be thoroughly assessed. A substantial contentual revision of the current German version of the NPC Scale is recommended.

The Depth/Breadth Tradeoff in Hierarchical Computer Menus

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Computer Terminal ◽  
Semantic Hierarchy ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Important Design ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Goal acquisition speed and accuracy were compared for subjects using four different menu configurations of a semantic hierarchy on an interactive computer terminal. Depth (the number of menu levels) varied from one to six, while breadth (the number of choices per menu) varied from two to 64. Goal acquisition time for the four experimental groups produced a U-shaped function with a minimum at the configuration of two levels with eight choices per level. Error data corroborated the acquisition times demonstrating that the fastest conditions also produced the least errors. Optimization of the depth/breadth tradeoff can be an important design consideration in goal acquisition tasks requiring speed and accuracy.

scholarly journals Chaos in small microbial communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad D Karkaria ◽  
Angelika Manhart ◽  
Alex J H Fedorec ◽  
Chris P Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Chaotic Dynamics ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Chaotic Behaviour ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Biological Engineering ◽  
Microbial Systems ◽  
Important Design ◽  
Synthetic Microbial Communities ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

Predictability is a fundamental requirement in biological engineering. As we move to building coordinated multicellular systems, the potential for such systems to display chaotic behaviour becomes a concern. Therefore understanding which systems show chaos is an important design consideration. We developed a methodology to explore the potential for chaotic dynamics in small microbial communities governed by resource competition, intercellular communication and competitive bacteriocin interactions. We show that we can expect to find chaotic states in relatively small synthetic microbial systems, understand the governing dynamics and provide insights into how to control such systems. This work is the first to query the existence of chaotic behaviour in synthetic microbial communities and has important ramifications for the fields of biotechnology, bioprocessing and synthetic biology.

Driving with Robots: Mind perception and propensity for aggressive driving

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1965-1970
Author(s):  
Karl Nachmann ◽  
Benjamin Pillot ◽  
Petrina Moore ◽  
Eva Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Mind Perception ◽  
Important Design

Mind perception, or the tendency to ascribe agency (i.e., the ability to plan and act) and experience (i.e., the ability to sense and feel) to others, is an important design consideration for human-robot inter-action since an agent’s mind status affects how we interact with it and how we interpret its behavior. The current study examines whether observable behaviors of robot-piloted autonomous vehicles are interpreted differently, lead to different emotional reactions and trigger different behaviors of the ob-server as a function of the robot driver’s perceived mind status. We expect that aggressive behavior of robot drivers perceived to be high in agency would be interpreted as more intentional, and as such would lead to stronger negative reactions and retaliatory behaviors. Consistent with our expectations, the robot driver high in agency was perceived as more intentional and elicited more irritation in partici-pants.

An Investigation of Slider Vibrations in Near Contact Recording Using a Digital Laser Doppler Vibrometer

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Yonemura ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Frank E. Talke
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Laser Doppler Vibrometer ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Skew Angle ◽  
Torsion Mode ◽  
And Control ◽  
Contact Recording ◽  
Important Design

At a flying height of 10 nanometers, contacts between slider and disk are likely to occur, and control of contact-induced slider vibrations is an important design consideration. In this study, slider vibrations during contact are investigated using a digital laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). The noise level of the digital interferometer is compared with that of a conventional analog LDV. In addition, acoustic emission (AE) sensors are used to evaluate the contact behavior of the slider. A comparison of AE and LDV data is performed. The results show that the noise level of the digital LDV is lower than that of the analog LDV, and that suspension sway mode vibrations and torsion mode vibrations are excited during contact as a function of the skew angle.

Space for Lurking

2013 ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Design Pattern ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Pattern Approach ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Important Design

Despite its negative connotations, lurking is a valid activity for individuals entering an unfamiliar online social space, especially when deciding how to present themselves and their identity online. Providing the space and time for individuals to acclimatise to extant social rules and behaviours is an important design consideration. This chapter outlines key issues surrounding non-participative behaviour in online social spaces and describes the participatory design pattern approach that was used to develop a transferable solution to this recurring problem in the form of a design pattern.

High Resolution Microscopy of Multi-Layered Biological Crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
T.W. Jeng ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Complex Crystal ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

This tutorial will discuss the methodology of low dose electron diffraction and imaging of crystalline biological objects, the problems of data interpretation for two-dimensional projected density maps of glucose embedded protein crystals, the factors to be considered in combining tilt data from three-dimensional crystals, and finally, the prospects of achieving a high resolution three-dimensional density map of a biological crystal. This methodology will be illustrated using two proteins under investigation in our laboratory, the T4 DNA helix destabilizing protein gp32*I and the crotoxin complex crystal.

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