National Contextual Influences on Mediatization: The Comparison of Science Decision Makers in Estonia and Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas M. Scheu ◽  
Arko Olesk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Collective Actors ◽  
Competitive Funding ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Funding Environment ◽  
Structural Adaptations ◽  
Country Specific

The study investigates adaptations of organizations in the field of science to the requirements of mass media. Based on the current research, we assume that mediatization is advanced by the need of individual and collective actors for public attention and that this need varies depending on national structural factors. We compared Estonia and Germany where the science and media systems differ in their size and structure but have a similarly competitive funding environment. Our results demonstrate variability considering the intensity of reported implementations of media-related structural adaptations within organizations. These differences can be linked to country-specific structural factors.

scholarly journals Between offensive and defensive mediatization. An exploration of mediatization strategies of German science-policy stakeholders

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. A08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Scheu
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Science Funding ◽  
Collective Actors ◽  
German Science ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Offensive Strategies

The study contributes to mediatization research. Mediatization is understood as a process during which individual and collective actors adapt towards the demands of publicity and public attention. The manuscript introduces a differentiation of mediatization strategies, ranging from defensive to offensive strategies. This conceptual differentiation is applied empirically regarding relevant stakeholders within the German science-policy constellation from politics, science, and science funding. Results are based on 35 in-depth interviews with decision makers. The results section deals with similarities and differences considering the mediatization of organizations, and introduces a typology of science-policy stakeholders based on the conceptual differentiation of mediatization strategies.

Contrasting cybersecurity implementation frameworks (CIF) from three countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-392
Author(s):  
Adenekan Dedeke ◽  
Katherine Masterson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Assessment Matrix ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Country Specific

Purpose This paper aims to explore the evolution of a trend in which countries are developing or adopting cybersecurity implementation frameworks that are intended to be used nationally. This paper contrasts the cybersecurity frameworks that have been developed in three countries, namely, Australia, UK and USA. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses literature review and qualitative document analysis for the study. The paper developed and used an assessment matrix as its coding protocol. The contents of the three cybersecurity frameworks were then scored to capture the degree to which they covered the themes/items of the cybersecurity assessment matrix. Findings The analysis found that the three cybersecurity frameworks are oriented toward the risk management approach. However, the frameworks also had notable differences with regard to the security domains that they cover. For example, one of the frameworks did not offer guidelines with regard to what to do to respond to attacks or to plan for recovery. Originality/value The results of this study are beneficial to policymakers in the three countries targeted, as they are able to gain insights about how their cybersecurity frameworks compares to those of the other two countries. Such knowledge would be useful as decision-makers take steps to improve their existing frameworks. The results of this study are also beneficial to executives who have branches in all three countries. In such cases, security professionals could deploy the most comprehensive framework across all three countries and then extend the deployment in each location to meet country-specific requirements.

Where the Fault Lies: Representations of Addiction in Audience Reactions to Media Coverage of the Opioid Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
David Russell ◽  
Kelly M. Thames ◽  
Naomi J. Spence ◽  
Callie M. Koeval
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Media ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
Overdose Deaths ◽  
The U.S

The unprecedented number of deaths in the U.S. attributed to opioids has been referred to as an “epidemic of addiction.” Media coverage of the epidemic has stoked public discussion of addiction on social media platforms. This article describes how addiction is represented in comments on media coverage of the “opioid epidemic” and examines the relationship between media framing and audience representations of addiction. Content analysis methods were applied to data obtained from news posts ( n = 397) and comments ( n = 2,836) on the Facebook pages of 42 newspapers in Ohio, where overdose deaths are among the highest in the U.S. Eleven percent of comments were identified as referencing addiction ( n = 319). These comments were classified into two overarching categories: (1) support, disease, and contributing factors expressed support for persons affected by the epidemic, represented addiction as a disease requiring treatment, and highlighted social and structural factors seen as contributing to the epidemic (61.1% of comments referencing addiction); and (2) misdirected attention and individual blame questioned the media focus on addiction and overdose deaths, highlighted individual choices to misuse opioids, and suggested that media coverage of the epidemic diverts attention away from other social problems viewed as being more worthy of public attention (38.9% of comments). Representations of addiction in comments were found to be independent of (not associated with) frames in media coverage ( p = .945). Together, these results suggest that while a majority of commenters represent addiction as a legitimate social problem that warrants intervention and support, a substantial minority are dismissive of the epidemic, express anger and disdain for persons who use opioids, and seek to counter popular narratives of social and structural factors contributing to addiction.

Multinational Corporations and Social Responsibility

2016 ◽  
pp. 1585-1600
Author(s):  
Barbara Coca Calderón ◽  
Josef Naef ◽  
Kim Oliver Tokarski
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
The Media ◽  
Witness Statements

Non-governmental organisations often accuse multinational corporations of exploiting the various legal environments in different countries to their advantage in order to avoid the assumption of responsibility for human rights violations or environmental disasters. This empirical study shows that non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can, by employing various instruments, increase the likelihood of multinational corporations accepting social and environmental responsibility for their actions. These instruments, ranging from dialogue to scandalisation, are intended to influence corporate behaviour and their use depends on the pressure the NGO wishes to exert on a particular company. All instruments need careful research and the gathering of evidence, including witness statements. To gain public attention the information must be well prepared for the media, resonate in the corporation's domestic market, stimulate concern and be up-to-date. The most promising activities are those that emphasise that economic success could be compromised to the key decision makers within the company.

scholarly journals Individual and contextual influences on framing effect: Evidence from the Middle East

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Pooya Tabesh ◽  
Parnian Tabesh ◽  
Kaveh Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Specific Expertise

Framing effect occurs when decision makers choose inconsistent solutions for identical problems based on the way the problems are presented to them. Despite considerable scholarly investigations in this area, the majority of existing work tends to be western-centric and systematically overlooks the characteristics of decision makers and context. Using a sample of Iranian health-care providers, this article addresses these challenges in investigation of framing effect. The results based on responses of 62 decision makers to multiple decision scenarios indicate that framing has a very strong influence on Iranian experts’ choices. Additionally, the findings show that framing interacts with decision makers’ general risk-taking propensity and domain-specific expertise to shape choice. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Multinational Corporations and Social Responsibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Barbara Coca Calderón ◽  
Josef Naef ◽  
Kim Oliver Tokarski
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
The Media ◽  
Witness Statements

Non-governmental organisations often accuse multinational corporations of exploiting the various legal environments in different countries to their advantage in order to avoid the assumption of responsibility for human rights violations or environmental disasters. This empirical study shows that non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can, by employing various instruments, increase the likelihood of multinational corporations accepting social and environmental responsibility for their actions. These instruments, ranging from dialogue to scandalisation, are intended to influence corporate behaviour and their use depends on the pressure the NGO wishes to exert on a particular company. All instruments need careful research and the gathering of evidence, including witness statements. To gain public attention the information must be well prepared for the media, resonate in the corporation's domestic market, stimulate concern and be up-to-date. The most promising activities are those that emphasise that economic success could be compromised to the key decision makers within the company.

Crime, Security, and Illegal Wildlife Trade: Political Ecologies of International Conservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Rosaleen Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Competitive Funding ◽  
Political Ecologies ◽  
Funding Environment

Abstract This article takes a political ecology approach to understanding the integration of conservation with security in tackling the illegal wildlife trade. It builds on political ecology debates on militarization by connecting it to the dynamics of global environmental politics, specifically the discursive and material support from donors, governments, and conservation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The combined effects of a highly competitive funding environment and security concerns of governments has produced a context in which NGOs strategically invoke the idea of the illegal wildlife trade as a security threat. For donors and governments, tackling the illegal wildlife trade is a means through which they can address security threats. However, this has material outcomes for marginalized peoples living with wildlife, including militarization, human rights abuses, enhanced surveillance, and law enforcement.

Movement Framing and Discursive Opportunity Structures: The Political Successes of the U.S. Women's Jury Movements

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly J. McCammon ◽  
Courtney Sanders Muse ◽  
Harmony D. Newman ◽  
Teresa M. Terrell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Political Opportunities ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Collective Actors ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Social Movement Framing

Collective actors typically attempt to bring about a change in law or policy by employing discursive tactics designed to convince key political decision-makers to alter policy, yet few systematic studies of the effects of social movement framing on political outcomes exist. We theorize that the cultural context in which framing takes place moderates the success of movement framing in winning changes in policy. We examine the efforts of organized women, during roughly the first half of the twentieth century, to convince lawmakers to broaden jury laws to give women the opportunity to sit on juries. To examine the combined effect of framing and the discursive opportunities provided by hegemonic legal principles, traditional gender beliefs, gendered political opportunities, opposition framing, and wartime, we use logistic regression. The findings provide substantial evidence that framing's influence is moderated by discursive elements in the broader context. Our results suggest that investigations of how citizen groups influence law and policy must take into account framing's important role and the ways in which the cultural context conditions framing's influence.

scholarly journals Distance-to-target weighting in LCA—A matter of perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Muhl ◽  
Markus Berger ◽  
Matthias Finkbeiner
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
Policy Targets

Abstract Purpose Weighting can enable valuable support for decision-makers when interpreting life cycle assessment (LCA) results. Distance-to-target (DtT) weighting is based on the distance of policy (desired) targets to current environmental situations, and recent methodological DtT developments are based on a weighting perspective of a single region or country, considering mainly environmental situations in consuming countries or regions. However, as product supply chains are spread over many countries, this study aims at developing additional weighting approaches (producer regions and worst-case regions) and applying them in a theoretical case study on a global scale. Methods The current study is carried out to understand the influence of and the effect on weighting results of different countries and regions with their specific environmental policy targets. Based on the existing Ecological Scarcity Method (ESM), eco-factors for the three environmental issues climate change, acidification, and water resources were derived for as many countries as possible. The regional eco-factors were applied in a case study for steel and aluminum considering the three different weighting approaches on different regional scales. Results and discussion The analysis revealed significant differences in the obtained weighting results as well as strengths and limitations in the applicability of the examined perspectives. Acidification was showed to be highly important with between 80 and 92% of the aggregated weighting results among the perspectives where water-scarce countries were not involved. Water-scarce countries had a significant influence (75–95%) when they were part of the examined case study. Conclusions The developed approaches enable the assessment of global value chains in different producer regions as well as the utilization of the conservative worst-case-regions approach. The approaches can foster future decision-making in LCA contexts while providing country-specific results based on different weighting perspectives in national, regional, and global contexts. However, for a complete implementation of the presented approaches, further data gathering is needed on environmental situations and policy targets in different countries as well as regionalized life cycle data.

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