The Effects of Media Effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 906-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Sherrick
Keyword(s):  
Media Effects ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Media ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
The Third Person

Prior research in the third-person effects domain has shown that people who believe in harmful media effects are more willing to engage in preventive or accommodative strategies, such as censorship. This research extends that supposition by testing a thus-far unstudied strategy: negative evaluations of media companies. Results show that an overall belief in harmful media effects is connected to negative evaluations of the media companies potentially responsible for those effects. The third-person perceptual gap is not related to these negative evaluations of media companies, suggesting important differences between third-person effects research and influence of presumed media influence research.

scholarly journals Thinking about the media: A review of theory and research on media perceptions, media effects perceptions, and their consequences

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 35-83
Author(s):  
Douglas M. McLeod ◽  
David Wise ◽  
Mallory Perryman
Keyword(s):  
Media Effects ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hostile Media Perception ◽  
Persuasive Press Inference ◽  
The Third Person

This review explicates the past, present and future of theory and research concerning audience perceptions of the media as well as the effects that perceptions of media have on audiences. Before the sections that examine media perceptions and media effects perceptions, we first identify various psychological concepts and processes involved in generating media-related perceptions. In the first section, we analyze two types of media perceptions: media trust/credibility perceptions and bias perceptions, focusing on research on the Hostile Media Perception. In both cases, we address the potential consequences of these perceptions. In the second section, we assess theory and research on perceptions of media effects (often referred to as Presumed Influence) and their consequences (referred to as the Influence of Presumed Influence). As examples of Presumed Influence, we evaluate the literature on the Persuasive Press Inference and the Third-Person Perception. The bodies of research on media perceptions and media effects perceptions have been featured prominently in the top journals of the field of mass communication over the past 20 years. Here we bring them together in one synthetic theoretical review.

Illusions of Media Power: The Third-Person Effect

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Erwin Atwood
Keyword(s):  
Media Effects ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
First Person ◽  
Third Person Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Media Power ◽  
The Third Person

This study assesses the third-person effect and its alternatives, a first-person effect and equal media effects, among a panel of respondents following the prediction of a severe earthquake and after the earthquake failed to materialize. The theoretical perspectives are provided by social comparisons and cognitive adaption theory. The findings indicate that both third-person and first-person effects result from downward social comparisons following from differences in belief in the message, accuracy of information about the predictability of earthquakes, and perception of the beliefs of others about the message. These media effects and their correlates are interpreted as illusions people create to cope with a predicted disaster and later revise to reflect situational contingencies.

scholarly journals Person Deixis in English Translation of Summarized Shahih Al-Bukhari Hadith in the Book of As-Salat

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Siska Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Third Person

The dominant topic in investigating pragmatics which used to understand the meaning of certain words and phrases requires contextual information is the phenomenon of deixis. The researcher limited this study on person deixis which aimed to identify and classify kind of person deixis in English translation of Summarized Shahih Al-Bukhari Hadith , especially in the book of As-Salat (the prayer) that translated by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan. This study used Stephen Levinson’s framework of deixis for the analysis of distinct types of person deixis elements. The researcher adopted qualitative research design as the method for this analysis. In this study, the researcher found that the dominant deixis used in Hadith  was the third person singular deixis especially the word “He” that dominantly refers to “Prophet Muhammad SAW in which shows that Hadith  is the media to reveal the action, provisions, approvals and utterances of Prophet Muhammad SAW and his companions.

Presumed Media Influence in Health and Risk Messaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley S. Ho ◽  
Andrew Z. H. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Third Person Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person

Health communication research has often focused on how features of persuasive health messages can directly influence the intended target audience of the messages. However, scholars examining presumed media influence on human behavior have underscored the need to think about how various audience’s health behavior can be unexpectedly influenced by their exposure to media messages. Two central theoretical frameworks have been used to guide research examining the unintended effects: the third-person effect and the influence of presumed media influence (IPMI). The theoretical explanations for presumed media influence is built on attribution bias, self-enhancement, perceived exposure, perceived relevance, and self-categorization. Even though both the third-person effect and the IPMI share some theoretical foundations, and are historically related, the IPMI has been argued to be better suited to explaining a broader variety of behavioral consequences. One major way that presumed media influence can affect an individual’s health behavior is through the shifting of various types of normative beliefs: descriptive, subjective, injunctive, and personal norms. These beliefs can manifest through normative pressure that is theoretically linked to behavioral intentions. In other words, media have the capability to create the perception that certain behaviors are prevalent, inculcating a normative belief that can lead to the uptake of, or restrain, health behaviors. Scholars examining presumed media influence have since provided empirical support in a number of specific media and behavioral health contexts. Existing findings provide a useful base for health communication practitioners to think about how presumed media influence can be integrated into health campaigns and message design. Despite the proliferation of research in this area, there remains a need for future research to examine these effects in a new media environment, to extend research into a greater number of health outcomes, to incorporate actual behavioral measures, and to ascertain the hypothesized causal chain of events in the model.

Biased Optimism and the Third-Person Effect

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert C. Gunther ◽  
Paul Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Media Effects ◽  
Optimistic Bias ◽  
Third Person Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Tendency ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person

While the third-person effect has proved to be a persistent and robust finding, most research on this phenomenon has employed media stimuli with potentially harmful consequences for its audience. We hypothesized that underlying the third-person phenomenon is a human tendency to see the world through optimistic or self-serving lenses. Such an optimistic bias predicts that people will estimate greater media effects on others than on themselves for messages with harmful outcomes, but no difference in effect for beneficial messages.

Perceived effect of the mass media on self vs. other

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunyi Cho ◽  
Miejeong Han
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Television News ◽  
Media Effect ◽  
Third Person Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect Hypothesis ◽  
The Third Person

This study represents the first cross-cultural investigation of the third person effect hypothesis, which states that individuals overestimate mass media effect on others (Davidson, 1983). It is predicted that the difference between perceived effects of the media on self vs. other will be greater in an individualistic than collectivistic culture, because in the latter self and other are not as separate and the motivation for self-enhancement is not as salient as in the former. Survey data were collected from 671 South Korean (n=351) and U.S. (n=320) college students regarding their perceptions about the effects of beer commercials, liquor advertisements, television news about AIDS, and television news about the effects of smoking. The third person effect of undesirable media content emerged from both American and Korean samples, but the size was consistently greater among Americans compared to Koreans. Likewise, the first person effect was greater among Americans rather than Koreans.

scholarly journals Facebook influences you more than me: The perceived impact of social media effects among young Facebook users

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Corbu ◽  
Oana Ştefǎnițǎ ◽  
Raluca Buturoiu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young People ◽  
Media Effects ◽  
Third Person Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
New Type ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Effect Hypothesis ◽  
The Third Person

The popularity and prevalent use of Facebook among young people are common pre­occupations for communication researchers. They focus on unveiling people’s motivations, usage be­haviour, and gratifications offered by this communication medium. However, little attention has been invested in examining how young people perceive this new type of media consumption and its effects on themselves as compared to others. Drawing on Davison’s 1983 third-person effect hypothesis, this research paper investigates the a differences in estimated Facebook effects on self versus others, b association between the desirability of the message anti-social versus pro-social and estimated Facebook effects on self versus others, and c association between the type of the message and es­timated Facebook effects on self versus others. These relationships are studied with reference to the behavioural component of the third-person effect. Results confirm that Facebook might influence the magnitude and direction of the perceptual gap of media effects.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sharon Coen ◽  
Peter Bull
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Third Person Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Media ◽  
Parasocial Interactions ◽  
The Third Person

In contemporary Western societies, journalism often comes under fire. This is due in part to the increased economic threat posed to the profession by a steady decline in the consumption of news but also to increasing scepticism in the value of news and the media in general. This introductory chapter summarizes the theoretical approaches taken in this book, highlighting the unique contributions that a media psychological approach can make to our understanding of news-making and the construction of meaning. The chapter presents an overview of how psychology can contribute to our understanding of news, and it describes in relation to journalism uniquely media psychological constructs (parasocial interactions and the third-person effect). The chapter concludes with a chapter-by-chapter summary of the rest of the book.

News Presentation and the Third-Person Effect of Violent Video Games

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Seong Choul Hong
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Media Effects ◽  
Video Game ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Violent Video Games ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Third Person Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person

The present study explored the relationships between the tone in news presentations and the third-person effect. It investigated whether news stories about violent video games changed viewers perspectives based on the positively or negatively portrayed messages presented by the media. Overall, this study examined how news stories encouraged or discouraged viewers from supporting government regulations of violent video game content. An online survey of 388 American adults served as the main source of data collection. The study found that presumed media effects decreased on both others and self when viewers were exposed to positively presented news coverage. Subsequently, their support for regulating violent video games was reduced. However, no changes were found in third-person perception. In addition, those who were exposed to negative news coverage showed no significant changes in their perceived media effects on self, others, and support regulations on video game contents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document