“No One Shakes Me”: Rejected Queer Identities and the Creation of Sacred Ugandan Spaces in Honor of the Orlando Massacre

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 550-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshepo Masango Chéry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sacred Spaces ◽  
The Creation

Queer Ugandans operate as identity fugitives, a term to describe the ways gay and lesbian Ugandans cannot share their whole selves in the public domain and sometimes even in policed private spheres. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) organizers have responded by creating refuges for endangered and alienated queer Ugandans. These spaces are sacred because they resist homophobic sites of hostility throughout Uganda. In June of 2016, the Ugandan LGBTQ community commemorated victims of the Orlando massacre in the United States as they meditated on the fragility of queer life globally. The violence at Pulse nightclub in Orlando reinforced the precariousness of these cultivated sacred spaces. The LGBTQ community in Uganda bravely commemorated the victims of the massacre by creating a transnational site of mourning, one that highlighted the dynamism of queer expression even under government sanctioned societal oppression.

The Land Department as an Administrative Tribunal

1916 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
United States Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Northwest Territory ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment

If, for the moment, we can conceive of Uncle Sam as being Andrew Carnegie, of Carnegie's millions as unimproved real estate, and of Carnegie's intention to die poor, as Uncle Sam's liberal land policy, we can perhaps best picture to ourselves the public land administration in the United States in a nutshell. The government, like Carnegie, is unloading its vast wealth in a manner calculated to do the most good, and it is guarding itself continuously, although often futilely, from being imposed upon and cheated. The ownership of the public domain by the United States is of the highest possible title. There is no one to dispute the government's absolute ownership of it. There are no taxes to pay. The government is subject to no obligation to dispose of its land. It can keep or dispose of the land as it chooses.In 1789 the United States government started as owner of practically all of the Northwest Territory. Later it acquired, what some geographers call the Southwest Territory, by further cession from the States. By purchase, discovery, annexation and conquest the United States acquired further holdings, so that with the exception of Texas and private holdings the government's fee simple title in the public domain extended from the thirteen colonies to the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of Florida to the Pacific and the Arctic Oceans.

scholarly journals A Study of the Copyright Renewal Rate for Maps

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Musser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Renewal Rate ◽  
The U.S

This study examines the copyright renewal of maps published in the United States from 1923 to 1950 and compares the results with a recent study of copyright renewals for books. Results indicate that, while the average copyright renewal rate for maps appears similar to that of books, the average was skewed higher by a single publisher whose renewal rate was much higher than average. With the data from that publisher excluded, the average copyright renewal rate dropped to 10% meaning that a significant number of maps copyrighted in the U.S. in the first half of the 20th century are probably in the public domain due to lack of copyright renewal.

scholarly journals How Large Is the “Public Domain”? A Comparative Analysis of Ringer’s 1961 Copyright Renewal Study and HathiTrust CRMS Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Wilkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Determination Process ◽  
Review Management ◽  
The U.S

The 1961 Copyright Office study on renewals, authored by Barbara Ringer, has cast an outsized influence on discussions of the U.S. 1923–1963 public domain. As more concrete data emerge from initiatives such as the large-scale determination process in the Copyright Review Management System (CRMS) project, questions are raised about the reliability or meaning of the Ringer data. A closer examination of both the Ringer study and CRMS data demonstrates fundamental misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the Ringer data, as well as possible methodological issues. Estimates of the size of the corpus of public domain books published in the United States from 1923 through 1963 have been inflated by problematic assumptions, and we should be able to correct mistaken conclusions with reasonable effort.

scholarly journals What Happens When Books Enter the Public Domain? Testing Copyright’s Underuse Hypothesis across Australia, New Zealand, The United States and Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Flynn ◽  
Rebecca Giblin ◽  
François Petitjean
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Widespread Access ◽  
Access To Knowledge

A key justification for copyright term extension has been that exclusive rights encourage publishers to make older works available (and that, without them, works will be ‘underused’). We empirically test this hypothesis by investigating the availability of ebooks to public libraries across Australia, New Zealand, the United States and Canada. We find that titles are actually less available where they are under copyright, that competition apparently does not deter commercial publishers from investing in older works, and that the existence of exclusive rights is not enough to trigger investment in works with low commercial demand. Further, works are priced much higher when under copyright than when in the public domain. In sum, simply extending copyrights results in higher prices and worse access. We argue that nations should explore alternative ways of allocating copyrights to better achieve copyright’s fundamental aims of rewarding authors and promoting widespread access to knowledge and culture.

El Salvador crime and corruption gains to help Bukele

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Organization Of American States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
American States ◽  
The Creation

Subject Bukele successes. Significance Presdent Nayib Bukele this month announced the creation of a new anti-corruption body, backed by the Organization of American States (OAS). Just days earlier the president highlighted improvements in the country’s murder rates, which he linked to the implementation of his new security initiative. Impacts The CICIES may prompt donors such as the United States, which condition funding on anti-corruption progress, to release some aid. The CICIES launch will compound anger in Guatemala, where the closure of the CICIG has proven deeply unpopular with the public. Improved security may reap economic benefits, but only if investors believe the downward trend is established.

Online News: User Agreements and Implications for Readers

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Smith Ekstrand
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Online News ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fundamental Shift ◽  
News Online ◽  
The Way

This study is a legal analysis of the online news user agreements of the Top 50 U.S. daily circulation newspapers in the United States. News user agreements are contracts that specify the conditions under which readers may access news. The contracting of news online represents a fundamental shift in the way consumers, who once bought their news, must now agree to terms of access. This study concludes that such terms often expand ownership of content that might otherwise flow freely in the public domain. It also concludes that limitations on liability as expressed in these agreements raise questions about the commitment to free speech and journalistic values online.

scholarly journals What Happens When Books Enter the Public Domain? Testing Copyright’s Underuse Hypothesis Across Australia, New Zealand, the United States and Canada

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Flynn ◽  
Rebecca Giblin ◽  
Francois Petitjean
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Widespread Access ◽  
Analyse Comparative ◽  
Access To Knowledge

The United States (‘US’) extended most copyright terms by 20 years in 1998, and has since exported that extension via ‘free trade’ agreements to countries including Australia and Canada. A key justification for the longer term was the claim that exclusive rights are necessary to encourage publishers to invest in making older works available — and that, unless such rights were granted, they would go underused. This study empirically tests this ‘underuse hypothesis’ by investigating the relative availability of ebooks to public libraries across Australia, New Zealand, the US and Canada. We find that books are actually less available where they are under copyright than where they are in the public domain, and that commercial publishers seem undeterred from investing in works even where others are competing to supply the same titles. We also find that exclusive rights do not appear to trigger investment in works that have low commercial demand, with books from 59% of the ‘culturally valuable’ authors we sampled unavailable in any jurisdiction, regardless of copyright status. This provides new evidence of how even the shortest copyright terms can outlast works’ commercial value, even where cultural value remains. Further, we find that works are priced much higher where they are under copyright than where they in the public domain, and these differences typically far exceed what would be paid to authors or their heirs. Thus, one effect of extending copyrights from life + 50 to life + 70 is that libraries are obliged to pay higher prices in exchange for worse access.This is the first published study to test the underuse hypothesis outside the US, and the first to analyse comparative availability of identical works across jurisdictions where their copyright status differs. It adds to the evidence that the underuse hypothesis is not borne out by real world practice. Nonetheless, countries are still being obliged to enact extended terms as a cost of trade access. We argue that such nations should explore alternative ways of dividing up those rights to better achieve copyright’s fundamental aims of rewarding authors and promoting widespread access to knowledge and culture.

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