SIGACT News Online Algorithms Column 38

In this column, we will discuss some papers in online algorithms that appeared in 2021. As usual, we make no claim at complete coverage here, and have instead made a selection. If we have unaccountably missed your favorite paper and you would like to write about it or about any other topic in online algorithms, please don't hesitate to contact us!

POLA PERUBAHAN FONEM VOKAL DAN KONSONAN KATA SERAPAN DARI BAHASA JEPANG KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA

This research is purposed to determine the pattern of phoneme which changed in Indonesian loanwords which derived from Japanese. This research based on descriptive qualitative analysis method. The data source of this research is article from Kompas news online website which uploaded from January until October 2020. There are 67 data which classified to the pattern of phoneme that changed based on theory of vowels and consonant from Marsono and for Japanese vowels and consonant using theory from Sudjianto and Dahidi. There are 3 patterns of phoneme that changed in Indonesian loanwords which derived from Japanese found from this research: the pattern from one vowel change, the pattern from one vowel and one consonant change, and the pattern from one consonant change. The further research through big data such as corpus based research might be needed to find another variations of this pattern.

Bali Travel Package Advertisements: The Analysis of Verbal and Visual Signs

Advertisement is "an announcement or news online, or in a newspaper, on television, or on a poster about something such as a product, event, or job to persuade and encourage people to be interested in the goods or services offered". Verbal and nonverbal are communication tools that humans use to interact, whether it's through messages, sounds, pictures, and gestures. . This study aims to analyse the verbal and non-verbal signs used in travel advertisements and to find out the meaning of those signs. Travel advertisements aim to promote tourist attractions or destinations to tourists who are going to make a trip to Bali. The data were taken from several travel websites. The data were collected by observation method and then analysed by descriptive qualitative method. The analysis started by analysing the verbal and non-verbal signs based on the theory of semiotic by Saussure (1893). The analysis of the meaning of the verbal and non-verbal signs was done by using the theory of meaning proposed by Barthes (1977). And the analysis of colors was done by using the theory of color term proposed by Wierzbicka (1996). The result of the research shows that travel advertisements provide information for readers or tourists who are going to travel in Bali about interesting places to visit, such as romantic spots for dinner or honeymoon and natural view for the ones who love nature and adventure. The colors displayed in the advertisement express the atmosphere that will be obtained by readers or tourists. The advertisements promote Bali as wonderful place to visit and travel package offers which interesting and affordable.

Testing Classical Predictors of Public Willingness to Censor on the Desire to Block Fake News Online

This study examined media use and attitudinal predictors of public willingness to censor fake online political news among representative samples in Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia (total N = 2880). The study utilized research on the corrective action hypothesis (CAH) and the theory of presumed media influence (TPMI) as frameworks. The CAH holds that an individual’s belief that media are hostile and influential increases the likelihood that the individual will participate in public discourse urging countermeasures. TPMI maintains that the belief that media are influential is associated with attitudes about media, though those attitudes need not be negative. Perceived exposure to fake news online positively predicted willingness to censor fake news in all countries, aligning with some prior research on both the CAH and the TPMI. Facebook use was negatively associated with willingness to censor fake news in two of the countries, while trust in news media was a positive correlate in two countries. Implications for research on both willingness to censor and on fake news are discussed.

SIGACT News Online Algorithms Column 37

For this issue, Pavel Vesely has contributed a wonderful overview of the ideas that were used in his SODA paper on packet scheduling with Marek Chrobak, Lukasz Jez and Jiri Sgall. This is a problem for which a 2-competitive algorithm as well as a lower bound of ϕ ≈ 1:618 was known already twenty years ago, but which resisted resolution for a long time. It is great that this problem has nally been resolved and that Pavel was willing to explain more of the ideas behind it for this column. He also provides an overview of open problems in this area.

News consumption patterns in Iceland

News consumption has changed dramatically in the digital age, becoming increasingly complicated and fragmented. In this study, I analyse news consumption patterns in Iceland, drawing on data from a survey conducted in 2017, and compare it with news consumption in other Nordic countries. It is the first such study in Iceland in the digital age. The findings demonstrate that news are widely consumed by the general public, as in general in the Nordic region. Online sites are Icelanders’ most popular main source of news, followed by television and then social media. Legacy media are still most people's primary source of news, even if they are accessed on new platforms. Like in other Nordic countries, a small minority interacts with news online.

Digital Images on Social Media and Proliferation of Fake News on Covid-19 in Kano, Nigeria

Misinformation becomes rampant in the digital age and social media provide people with the opportunities for engaging more actively in society. The objectives of the study are: (i) to ascertain the extent to which residents of Kano have been exposed to digital images on Covid-19 that often accompany fake news in social media; (ii) to establish the extent to which residents of Kano are influenced by fake news on Covid-19 with images; (iii) to find out the factors that often lead to the influence of fake news with digital images on Covid-19 among social media users in Kano; (iv) to ascertain the social media platforms mostly used in spreading fake news about Covid-19 in the state. Theoretically, Technological Determinism and Perception theories were adopted to analyze these issues. A Positivist approach to data generation and analysis was adopted using the survey method. Two local governments were selected for the study: Tarauni and Kano Municipal. Tarauni local government area had the highest number of the Covid-19 cases, while Kano Municipal had the lowest number. The population of the study consist of 593,087 with a sample size of 400 respondents derived from Taro Yamane’s sample size prediction table. The respondents were reached through cluster sampling. A total of 400 copies of questionnaires were administered to respondents in Tarauni and Kano Municipal. However, only 385 copies, which represent (96%), were retrieved and found usable for the study as the remaining 15 were not returned. The study found that Kano residents were significantly exposed to digital images that often accompany fake news in social media. They read news online every day, prefer news accompanied by images, share and like news online. The study also found that Kano residents are influenced by fake news with digital images on Covid-19 to a very great extent, especially on Facebook. Factors responsible for proliferation of fake news on social media include: perception or instinct, eagerness to be the first to share images and lack of knowledge about image verification tools. The study concludes that ignorance and the old belief that pictures do not lie were responsible for this.

Presidential Election and the Battle of Online Media Discourse in Indonesia

In every presidential election event, the neutrality of the mass media is always a controversy. This happens in any country, including Indonesia.It is interesting to see how online mass media in Indonesia discourse political events after the 2014 presidential election. With the power of speed in presenting news, online media such as detik.com, kompas.com, vivanews.co.id are competing to present their frames on political events that took place. The focus of this article's study is on online mass media coverage of political events that occurred after the 2014 presidential election. The study was conducted with content analysis of five online media, namely detik.com, kompas.com, okezone.com and republika.co.id. The conclusion obtained is the post-2014 presidential election media discourse, especially after the voting on 9 July 2014, generally revolves around the quick count results of the survey institution's version and the winning claims of each candidate. The mass media, especially detik.com, kompas.com and vivanews.com, compile a discourse with a tendency to take sides with one of the pairs based on the results of the survey institute's quick count.

SIGACT News Online Algorithms Column 36

In this column, we will discuss some papers in online algorithms that appeared in 2020. As usual, we make no claim at complete coverage here, and have instead made a selection. If we have unaccountably missed your favorite paper and you would like to write about it or about any other topic in online algorithms, please don't hesitate to contact us!