scholarly journals An Analysis of Mobility Patterns in Sexual Homicide

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Chopin ◽  
Stefano Caneppele ◽  
Eric Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Distance Decay ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
National Data ◽  
Decay Function ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sexual Homicide ◽  
Safe Place

This article—based on a national data set ( N = 173)—focuses on extrafamilial sexual homicides and their spatial mobility. The study combines the location of the crime scene and the offenders and victims’ residences in mobility crime triangles. The findings reveal that most of the homicides fall within the categories of offender mobility and total mobility. Our results show the validity of the distance decay function, with over 70% of homicides occurring within 10 km of the offender’s residence. It appears that under certain circumstances, sexual murderers perceive their surroundings as a safe place to commit a homicide. Finally, the study proposes a four-category spatial typology of sexual homicide.

scholarly journals The Mobility Crime Triangle for Sexual Offenders and the Role of Individual and Environmental Factors

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 812-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Chopin ◽  
Stefano Caneppele
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
National Data ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Safe Environment

This study—based on a national data set ( N = 1,447)—focuses on extrafamilial sexual assaults and their mobility. Spatial information about the offender’s house, the victim’s house, and the crime scene was combined in mobility crime triangles. The findings reveal that most of the assaults fall in the categories of total mobility (42.78%) and offender mobility (33.10%). Our results also show the validity of the distance decay function with over 50% of aggressions occurring within 3 km of the offender’s house. The analysis did not reveal the existence of buffer zones, probably due to the acquaintance between some of the offenders and their victims. The evidence suggests that environmental risk factors are more significant than individual ones when it comes to explaining the variation among mobility patterns in sexual assaults. Offenders appear to adapt their mobility patterns and modus operandi according to the environmental constraints. Often, offenders choose their own or their victim’s house as a safe environment for performed sexual assault.

scholarly journals Mobility patterns are associated with experienced income segregation in large US cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Moro ◽  
Dan Calacci ◽  
Xiaowen Dong ◽  
Alex Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Income Segregation ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Mobility Behavior

AbstractTraditional understanding of urban income segregation is largely based on static coarse-grained residential patterns. However, these do not capture the income segregation experience implied by the rich social interactions that happen in places that may relate to individual choices, opportunities, and mobility behavior. Using a large-scale high-resolution mobility data set of 4.5 million mobile phone users and 1.1 million places in 11 large American cities, we show that income segregation experienced in places and by individuals can differ greatly even within close spatial proximity. To further understand these fine-grained income segregation patterns, we introduce a Schelling extension of a well-known mobility model, and show that experienced income segregation is associated with an individual’s tendency to explore new places (place exploration) as well as places with visitors from different income groups (social exploration). Interestingly, while the latter is more strongly associated with demographic characteristics, the former is more strongly associated with mobility behavioral variables. Our results suggest that mobility behavior plays an important role in experienced income segregation of individuals. To measure this form of income segregation, urban researchers should take into account mobility behavior and not only residential patterns.

Sexual Homicide Crime Scene Rating Scale for Sexual Sadism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade C. Myers ◽  
Eric Beauregard ◽  
William Menard
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Sexual Sadism ◽  
Sexual Homicide

scholarly journals Sexual Sadism: Its Role in the Crime-Commission Process of Sexual Homicide of Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Chopin ◽  
Eric Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
International Database ◽  
Sexual Sadism ◽  
Sexual Homicide ◽  
Crime Commission ◽  
Practical Implications

This study investigates the role of sexual sadism in the crime-commission process of sexual homicide (SH) involving child victims. A comparison between sadistic and nonsadistic cases involving child victims is conducted by examining the crime context, crime characteristics, methods of killing, body recovery characteristics, and forensic awareness strategies used by offenders. The sample comes from the Sexual Homicide International Database (SHIelD) including 135 cases of solved SHs involving child victims—35 cases with sexual sadism and 101 cases without sexual sadism. The Sexual Homicide Crime Scene Rating Scale for Sexual Sadism (SADSEX-SH) scale is used to identify sexual sadism from crime scene actions. Bivariate and multivariate analysis are performed to examine the differences between the two groups. Findings indicate that sadistic SH of children are characterized by an important level of structured premeditation, the commission of more diversified sexual acts, the use of specific method of killing, and the partial use of forensic awareness strategies. Practical implications in terms of criminal investigations are discussed.

scholarly journals Measuring the Destination Accessibility of Cycling Transfer Trips in Metro Station Areas: A Big Data Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Wu ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Yaoyu Lin ◽  
Yiyang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Distance Decay ◽  
Decay Function ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Negative Exponential Function ◽  
Transfer Mode ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Trip Distance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Negative Exponential

Cycling is a green, sustainable, and healthy choice for transportation that has been widely advocated worldwide in recent years. It can also encourage the use of public transit by solving the “last-mile” issue, because transit passengers can cycle to and from transit stations to achieve a combination of speed and flexibility. Cycling as a transfer mode has been shown to be affected by various built environment characteristics, such as the urban density, land-use mix, and destination accessibility, that is, the ease with which cyclists can reach their destinations. However, cycling destination accessibility is loosely defined in the literature and the methods of assessing cycling accessibility is often assumed to be equivalent to walking accessibility using the same decay curves, such as the negative exponential function, which ignores the competitive relationship between cycling and walking within a short distance range around transit stations. In this study, we aim to fill the above gap by measuring the cycling destination accessibility of metro station areas using data from more than three million bicycle-metro transfer trips from a dockless bicycle-sharing program in Shenzhen, China. We found that the frequency of bicycle-metro trips has a positive association with a trip distance of 500 m or less and a negative association with a trip distance beyond 500 m. A new cycling accessibility metric with a lognormal distribution decay curve was developed by considering the distance decay characteristics and cycling’s competition with walking. The new accessibility model outperformed the traditional model with an exponential decay function, or that without a distance decay function, in predicting the frequency of bicycle-metro trips. Hence, to promote bicycle-metro integration, urban planners and government agencies should carefully consider the destination accessibility of metro station areas.

scholarly journals Adding a new dimension to the weekend effect: an analysis of a national data set of electronic AKI alerts

QJM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Holmes ◽  
T Rainer ◽  
J Geen ◽  
J D Williams ◽  
A O Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weekend Effect ◽  
National Data ◽  
Data Set

Cannabis psychosis, gender matters

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S379-S379
Author(s):  
I. Hamilton ◽  
P. Galdas ◽  
H. Essex
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hospital Episode Statistics ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
National Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
British Crime Survey ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionDespite recent findings pointing toward cannabis psychosis as one area where gender differences may exist, there has been a widespread lack of attention paid to gender as a determinant of health in both psychiatric services and within the field of addiction.ObjectivesTo explore gender differences in treatment presentations for people with cannabis psychosis.AimsTo use national data sets to investigate gender differences.MethodsAnalysis of British Crime Survey data and a Hospital Episode Statistics data set were used in combination with data from previously published epidemiological studies to compare gender differences.ResultsMale cannabis users outnumber female users by 2:1, a similar gender ratio is found for those admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or psychosis. However this ratio increases significantly for those admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of cannabis psychosis, with males outnumbering females by 4:1.ConclusionsThis research brings into focus the marked gender differences in cannabis psychosis. Attending to gender is important for research and treatment with the aim of improving understanding and providing gender sensitive services.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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