Investigative and the Rule of Law: A Cameroonian and Ukrainian Criminal Proceedings Law Understanding

There is no instance in a given society that can successfully opeate and function without respecting existing standards and principles set in place in ensuring the respect of fundamental human right and dignity. The notion and acceptable rule is that, Crime commission is an unavoidable singularity in any given and documented society functioning under the umbrella of established rules and regulations. Cameroon and Ukraine has engaged huge steps in establishing credible laws, all in the preservation and protection of fundamental human right of those presumed of crime commission. This article articulates and establishes that,the only way the rule of law can be respected during the investigative stage, will only when those responsible for investigation respects the due process of the law in the course of its investigation so that their act should not contravene the right of the suspect or accused in question. It provides that when issues of investigation are carried out by Ukraine and Cameroon police, gross violations of the criminal process are always experienced, and this greatly affects the objective of criminal law being that of protecting the right and dignity of everyone irrespective of the status quo acquired during the criminal proceedings.the results of this gross violation of the accuesed rights and status during the investigative stage will affect the rationale and objective of the criminal law system which is to ensure that all criminal process should respect human standard and dignity. The reason for this is that, during the investigative process and procedure, the law enforcement ofiicers must be able in detaching their various duties assigned with due diligent and respect of the various criminal standards of investigation. To ensure that this is done, there is that need of those enforcing the jucial process and trial should that all evidences, searches, seizures, recording done by the investigative police officials should be done in accordance of the free will of the presumed criminal.

Sexual Victimization Involving Solo Female Offenders: A Crime Script Approach

This study aims to provide a theoretically grounded analysis of the crime-commission process of solo females involved in sexual offending, using crime scripts. The sample includes 93 cases of sexual assaults perpetrated by female offenders in an extrafamilial context. Latent class analysis was used to identify the scripts involved in female sexual offending as well as to explore the relationship between each step of the crime-commission process. Also, additional variables related to victim, offender, and location characteristics were used to test the external validity of the model. Results suggest four different scripts used by females: Daytime Indoor, Coercive Outdoor, Coercive Indoor, and Nighttime Indoor. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Understanding the Sexual Victimization of Children by Juveniles: Identifying Criminal Event Patterns

The purpose of this study is to explore the crime-commission process involved in the sexual victimization of children perpetrated by juveniles. Specifically, this study aims to explore the interconnectedness of pre-crime, crime, and post-crime phases with victimological characteristics using a criminal event perspective. The sample used in this study consists of 185 cases of child sexual abuses perpetrated by juveniles. The first step of this study uses latent class analysis to explore the relationship between each step of the crime-commission process. As a second step, additional variables were used to test the external validity of our model. Results suggest that there are three different criminal event patterns: familiar sexually non-intrusive, familiar sexually intrusive, and stranger sexually non-intrusive. Moreover, we found that specific victimological characteristics were associated with each of the patterns. Practical implications in terms of situational crime prevention and victim assistance are discussed.

The Unusual Case of Sexual Homicide Against Males: Comparisons and Classification

This study examines the specificities of sexual homicides involving male victims. First, this study aims to identify characteristics specific to SH involving male victims by comparing them to SH involving female victims and determine whether rational choice approach and routine activities theories are useful to explain the crime-commission process. Second, this study aims to provide the first empirical classification of SH involving male victims. The sample used in this research comes from the Sexual Homicide International Database (SHIelD) including 662 cases of cases—100 cases involving male victims and 552 involving female victims. Bivariate and multivariate analysis are performed to examine the differences between the two groups and latent class analysis is used to generate an empirical classification of cases involving male victims. Findings indicate the victim’s gender plays an important role in the different choices made by sexual homicide offenders of male victims to successfully complete their crime. They adapted their crime-commission process to overcome the risks associated with a physical confrontation with a male victim (i.e., target selection, approach strategy, method of killing). Classification analysis suggests that it exists three different types of sexual murderers assaulting male victims: the robber sexual murderer, the sadistic sexual murderer, and the pedophile murderer. This research proposes the first empirical typology of sexual homicide involving male victims and provides both a true picture of the reality and a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon.

Factors Influencing Crime Commission among College Graduate Prisoners

The goal of the study was to look into the factors that influence crime commission among college graduate inmates in the Dipolog and Dapitan City jails. The outcomes of the investigation were carried out using a quantitative approach. The required data was gathered using a purposive sampling strategy. The data was presented, analyzed, and interpreted using descriptive statistics. Highest number of college graduate incarcerated in Dipolog City Jail are graduate from Bachelor of Science in Criminology while in Dapitan City jail are graduate from Bachelor of Science in Education. Most of the college graduate prisoners in both city jails committed non-index crimes or non-violent crimes like violation of RA 9165, otherwise known as Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and less prone of committing index crimes or violent crimes like murder, homicide, rape, robbery and other violent crimes. Enmeshment in financial problems is the primary factors influencing crime commission among college graduate prisoners and followed by distrust in perceived support from family and friends. It is concluded that crimes can be committed by individuals regardless of his/her educational status.

The Criminological Principles of Crime Prevention in the Field of Physical Culture and Sports of Ukraine

The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent the criminological foundation has been established by Ukraine in ensuring it's prevention in the domain of physical culture and sport. Crime commission has been always in the increase in every society even though with the existence of credible principles and sanctions. We all know that in the domain of physical culture and sport experience of all nature of crimes are encountered and this has affected the very existence of this discipline. There is no way we can have an effective recognition of this fields if appropriate measures and not taken in curbing the crime level in the areas. Crime in the field of physical culture and sports covers almost all types of crime of the Special Part of Criminology. The current lack of objective data on state statistics on issues of our interest, and the urgent need to study crimes in the field of physical culture and sports require the development of appropriate conceptual approaches to collecting and summarizing own empirical information, taking into account the tasks of this research and perspectives of implementing obtained results into practical activities of police units. The authors of the article have tried to develop criminological characteristics and prevention of crimes in the field of physical culture and sports. The authors have emphasized the high latency of this type of crime, as well as the methodology of research of this phenomenon; they have revealed the brief characteristics of the criminal’s personality in the field of physical culture and sports. Preventive measures against these crimes have been grounded. Propositions for improving the legal regulation of criminal and legal prevention of criminal encroachments within sports have been provided.tribute to improving the health, physical and spiritual development of the population.

Expert Versus Novice: Criminal Expertise in Sexual Burglary and Sexual Robbery

Although there has been considerable variation in the application of expertise to offending populations, one aspect that is widely agreed upon is that expertise is best represented on a continuum from novice to expert. The present study, therefore, investigated criminal expertise in 877 hybrid offenses that involve sexual assault and robbery (i.e., sexual robbery) or burglary (i.e., sexual burglary). Specifically, we analyzed the crime-commission processes of both these offenses using latent class analyses to determine the heterogeneity of criminal expertise among each domain. Results showed an expert to novice continuum in both domains, including a “domain-specific” expert sexual burglary subgroup who was characterized by a high degree of offense-related competencies relevant to sexual burglary. We also found an expert subgroup in sexual robbery who had more general skills (i.e., overlapping expertise) relevant to violent offending. Implications for offender decision-making, treatment, and practice are discussed.

Criminal Expertise and Sexual Violence: Comparing the Crime-Commission Process Involved in Sexual Burglary and Sexual Robbery

Criminal expertise relates to the notion that some individuals may develop domain-specific offending skills that differentiate them from those with less skills or experience (i.e., novices). In the expertise literature, burglary has emerged as a distinct type of “expert” offense, therefore the current study sought to determine whether criminal expertise is more evident in the crime-commission process of sexual burglary compared to sexual robbery. We used binary logistic regression to compare the pre-crime, crime, and post-crime behaviors of 870 cases of hybrid sexual assault that occurred during the commission of either a burglary ( N = 319) (or) robbery ( N = 479), both of which involved personal theft from a stranger victim. Findings suggest that the crime commission process of sexual burglary involves a more sophisticated modus operandi and greater expertise in detection avoidance (e.g., strategies to protect their identity and destroying and removing evidence) compared to sexual robbery.

Use of Electronic Means of Payment as Ways of Crime Commission: Features of Investigation and Protection Routes

The article deals with electronic payment systems and means as methods of committing criminal encroachments on material and other objects belonging to citizens and organizations. Electronic payment systems and means which have become widespread in recent years have proven vulnerable to various types of criminals using this vulnerability for various purposes, including personal gain. The purpose of this article is a comprehensive analysis of criminal encroachments on electronic payment systems and funds carried out for personal gain to determine the way for law enforcement agencies to counter them. The authors outline the concept of such systems and means according to the norms of the current legislation, as well as the methods of committing crimes in this area identified in forensic science. There is a description of elements of such crimes contained in the criminal legislation of Russia and several countries. Some problems associated with difficulties in qualifying crimes using electronic payment means have been identified. The authors' conclusions about the need for the further scientific and practical study of qualification of criminal liability for theft using electronic payment means are presented.