What Makes Things Funny? An Integrative Review of the Antecedents of Laughter and Amusement

2020 ◽  
pp. 108886832096190
Author(s):  
Caleb Warren ◽  
Adam Barsky ◽  
A. Peter McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Humor Appreciation

Despite the broad importance of humor, psychologists do not agree on the basic elements that cause people to experience laughter, amusement, and the perception that something is funny. There are more than 20 distinct psychological theories that propose appraisals that characterize humor appreciation. Most of these theories leverage a subset of five potential antecedents of humor appreciation: surprise, simultaneity, superiority, a violation appraisal, and conditions that facilitate a benign appraisal. We evaluate each antecedent against the existing empirical evidence and find that simultaneity, violation, and benign appraisals all help distinguish humorous from nonhumorous experiences, but surprise and superiority do not. Our review helps organize a disconnected literature, dispel popular but inaccurate ideas, offers a framework for future research, and helps answer three long-standing questions about humor: what conditions predict laughter and amusement, what are the adaptive benefits of humor, and why do different people think vastly different things are humorous?

The Effects of Co-Viewers on the Viewing Experience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Tal-Or
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Media Effects ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Viewing Experience

Abstract Although media consumption often occurs with others, relatively few studies have documented the effect of co-viewing on the viewing experience. Moreover, theories of media effects generally focus on the individual and do not pay attention to group processes. Thus, previous co-viewing research has used various theories related to different aspects specific to each study, making it difficult to comprehend the connections between the studies. The aim of this paper is to propose a comprehensive model of the effects of co-viewing on the experience of watching a narrative text. Based on existing psychological theories that are applied to co-viewing contexts, the model includes the various processes underlying the effects of co-viewing, along with suggested moderators of these processes. While there is empirical evidence supporting some of the effects the model suggests, others have not yet been investigated. Thus, the model presents new directions for future research.

scholarly journals International NGO Centralization and Leader-Perceived Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-159
Author(s):  
Long Tran
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Structural Characteristic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
International Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Effectiveness Measurement ◽  
Governance Reforms

Although international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) rely on their governance structures to pursue crucial missions across national borders, the extant literature is lacking theoretical insights and empirical evidence that explain the influence of such structures on INGO effectiveness. Using organizational and psychological theories, socially constructed effectiveness measurement, and data on 152 U.S.-based INGOs, this study explores how centralization, a fundamental structural characteristic, relates to an INGO’s effectiveness as perceived by its own leader versus by leaders of other INGOs. Quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that centralized, unitary INGOs tend to have stronger internally perceived effectiveness but weaker externally perceived effectiveness reputations than decentralized INGOs do. This perceptual tension may inform INGO governance reforms and future research on organizational structure, effectiveness, and leadership.

Capabilities of Bottom of the Pyramid Organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000765032110018
Author(s):  
Farley Simon Nobre ◽  
Rodrigo L. Morais-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Responsible Management ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Short And Long Term

Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) organizations are the ones that develop a set of capabilities that contribute to create short- and long-term sustainability values inside and outside the boundaries of BoP ecosystems. Capabilities have an important role in BoP organizations’ strategies that aim to solve BoP issues. Notwithstanding its developments, BoP research still lacks theoretical contributions for the analysis of organizations. We suggest special attention to the need of advancing knowledge on capabilities of BoP organizations because this field is scattered and fragmented, misinterpreted, and still underdeveloped in the literature. We oriented our research formulating and seeking answers to our main question on what are the capabilities needed to enable organizations to create sustainability values in BoP ecosystems? We conducted an integrative review of BoP research for the period from 1998 to 2019, and we found 22 key capabilities of BoP organizations. We organized the capabilities into four major categories including BoP Responsible Consumption, BoP Responsible Business Model, BoP Responsible Management, and BoP Responsible Innovation. We advanced propositions and discussions regarding the capabilities and major categories’ popularity, interdependence and combination, short- and long-term temporal functions, sustainability roles, and effectiveness to address BoP issues. Our article organizes the field of capabilities of BoP organizations; advances contributions and implications for management, organizations, and policymaking; and opens fruitful avenues for future research.

Habit and Routine Interventions with Emerging Adults with Diabetes: An Integrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110322
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Hanna ◽  
Jed R. Hansen ◽  
Kim A. Harp ◽  
Kelly J. Betts ◽  
Diane Brage Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Librarian

Although theoretical and empirical writings on habits and routines are a promising body of science to guide interventions, little is known about such interventions among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Thus, an integrative review was conducted to describe interventions in relation to habits and routines, their influence on outcomes, and users’ perspectives. A medical librarian conducted a search. Teams screened titles, abstracts, and articles based upon predefined criteria. Evidence from the final 11 articles was synthesized. A minority of investigators explicitly articulated habits and routines theoretical underpinnings as part of the interventions. However, text messaging or feedback via technology used in other interventions could be implicitly linked to habits and routines. For the most part, these interventions positively influenced diabetes self-management-related behaviors and health outcomes. In general, the interventions were perceived positively by users. Future research is advocated using habit and routine theoretical underpinnings to guide interventions.

Small-Scale Deliberation and Mass Democracy: A Systematic Review of the Spillover Effects of Deliberative Minipublics

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110072
Author(s):  
Ramon van der Does ◽  
Vincent Jacquet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mass Democracy

Deliberative minipublics are popular tools to address the current crisis in democracy. However, it remains ambiguous to what degree these small-scale forums matter for mass democracy. In this study, we ask the question to what extent minipublics have “spillover effects” on lay citizens—that is, long-term effects on participating citizens and effects on non-participating citizens. We answer this question by means of a systematic review of the empirical research on minipublics’ spillover effects published before 2019. We identify 60 eligible studies published between 1999 and 2018 and provide a synthesis of the empirical results. We show that the evidence for most spillover effects remains tentative because the relevant body of empirical evidence is still small. Based on the review, we discuss the implications for democratic theory and outline several trajectories for future research.

scholarly journals Predicting Consumer Intention to Use Mobile Payment Services: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Ninh Nguyen ◽  
Tuan Khanh Cao ◽  
Phuong Linh Dang ◽  
Hien Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Payment Services ◽  
The Impact

<p>Mobile payment has relative advantages compared to other payment methods, thus providing benefits for both consumers and the society. This study attempts to examine factors influencing consumer intention to use mobile payment services. Survey data are used to investigate the impact of consumers’ perceptions of mobile payment services and social influence on use intention. Empirical evidence from 489 Vietnamese consumers confirms a significant relationship between the factors and behavioral intention, and reveals that perceived trust is the strongest predictor of intention to use mobile payment services followed by perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, perceived behavioral control, perceived usefulness and subjective norm, respectively. The results contribute to the evolving literature, and suggest that mobile payment service providers should particularly focus on building up consumer trust, and making their services clear, understandable and easy to use. Future research directions for extending this study are also discussed.</p>

Naturalized Aesthetics and Emotion Theory

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Reisenzein
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Concrete Application ◽  
Emotion Theory

Murray Smith’s proposal in Film, Art, and the Third Culture for a naturalized aesthetics is of interest to both film theorists and psychologists: for the former, it helps to elucidate how films work; for the latter, it provides concrete application cases of psychological theories. However, there are reasons for believing that the theory of emotions that Smith has adopted from psychology to ground his case studies—an extended version of basic emotions theory—is less well supported than he suggests. The available empirical evidence seems more compatible with the assumption that the different emotions are outputs of a single, integrated system.

scholarly journals Emotional labour in the parenthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-238
Author(s):  
Petra Daňsová ◽  
◽  
Lenka Lacinová ◽  
Dana Seryjová Juhová
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Parent Experiences ◽  
Parent Role ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Negative Impacts

This study introduces the concept of emotional labour, the theoretical underpinnings of its delineation and connections to emotion regulation and brings it into the context of parenthood. Emotional labour was originally described by sociologists in the context of a work environment which requires one to consciously influence one’s emotions when interacting with a customer or a client. The connection of emotional labour with psychological theories of emotion regulation allowed for a better understanding and grasp the mechanisms through which emotional labour can lead to “burning out” or stress. Currently, parents are exposed to a great amount of information about how to “correctly” parent their children, which together with their own idea of a good parent, the influence of their family and close friends as well as other people, creates high demands precisely in the area of experiencing and expressing emotions in their interactions with their children. Today, the parent role approaches that of the job in several aspects. Its demands for emotional labour can be linked to negative impacts on mental health. The concept of emotional labour can be considered to be appropriate for a better understanding of what a parent experiences with the child in mundane situations and how parents handle the emotions. The perspective of emotional labour can therefore bring important information about emotions in parenthood and about the influence of intentionally working with these emotions on the mental functioning of parents even beyond the explanatory confines of emotion regulation. This study also introduces measurement instruments used to capture emotional labour and its dimensions. For future research of emotional labour in parenthood, creating a valid and reliable instrument, which has so far been lacking both in the Czech and international contexts, is a necessity.

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