Parent experience of HIE and hypothermia: A call for trauma informed care

Purpose/Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard treatment for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We surveyed parents of infants treated with TH about their experiences of communication and parental involvement in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods/Approach: A 29-question anonymous survey was posted on a parent support website (https://www.hopeforhie.org) and sent to members via e-mail. Responses from open-ended questions were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: 165 respondents completed the survey and 108 (66%) infants were treated with TH. 79 (48%) respondents were dissatisfied/neutral regarding the quality of communication in the NICU, whereas 127 (77%) were satisfied/greatly satisfied with the quality of parental involvement in the NICU. 6 themes were identified: 1) Setting for communication: Parents preferred face to face meetings with clinicians. 2) Content and clarity of language: Parents valued clear language (use of layman’s terms) and being explicitly told the medical diagnosis of HIE. 3) Immediate and Longitudinal Emotional Support: Parents required support from clinicians to process the trauma of the birth experience and hypothermia treatment. 4) Clinician time and scheduling: Parents valued the ability to join rounds and other major conversations about infant care. 5) Valuing the Parent Role: Parents desired being actively involved in rounds, care times and decision making. 6) Physical Presence and Touch: Parents valued being physically present and touching their baby; this presence was limited by COVID-related restrictions. Conclusion: We highlight stakeholder views on parent involvement and parent-clinician communication in the NICU and note significant overlap with principles of Trauma Informed Care: safety (physical and psychological), trustworthiness and transparency, peer support, collaboration and mutuality, and empowerment, voice and choice. We propose that a greater understanding and implementation of these principles may allow the medical team to more effectively communicate with and involve parents in the care of infants with HIE in the NICU.

Emotional labour in the parenthood

This study introduces the concept of emotional labour, the theoretical underpinnings of its delineation and connections to emotion regulation and brings it into the context of parenthood. Emotional labour was originally described by sociologists in the context of a work environment which requires one to consciously influence one’s emotions when interacting with a customer or a client. The connection of emotional labour with psychological theories of emotion regulation allowed for a better understanding and grasp the mechanisms through which emotional labour can lead to “burning out” or stress. Currently, parents are exposed to a great amount of information about how to “correctly” parent their children, which together with their own idea of a good parent, the influence of their family and close friends as well as other people, creates high demands precisely in the area of experiencing and expressing emotions in their interactions with their children. Today, the parent role approaches that of the job in several aspects. Its demands for emotional labour can be linked to negative impacts on mental health. The concept of emotional labour can be considered to be appropriate for a better understanding of what a parent experiences with the child in mundane situations and how parents handle the emotions. The perspective of emotional labour can therefore bring important information about emotions in parenthood and about the influence of intentionally working with these emotions on the mental functioning of parents even beyond the explanatory confines of emotion regulation. This study also introduces measurement instruments used to capture emotional labour and its dimensions. For future research of emotional labour in parenthood, creating a valid and reliable instrument, which has so far been lacking both in the Czech and international contexts, is a necessity.

Emotional labour in the parenthood

This study introduces the concept of emotional labour, the theoretical underpinnings of its delineation and connections to emotion regulation and brings it into the context of parenthood. Emotional labour was originally described by sociologists in the context of a work environment which requires one to consciously influence one’s emotions when interacting with a customer or a client. The connection of emotional labour with psychological theories of emotion regulation allowed for a better understanding and grasp the mechanisms through which emotional labour can lead to “burning out” or stress. Currently, parents are exposed to a great amount of information about how to “correctly” parent their children, which together with their own idea of a good parent, the influence of their family and close friends as well as other people, creates high demands precisely in the area of experiencing and expressing emotions in their interactions with their children. Today, the parent role approaches that of the job in several aspects. Its demands for emotional labour can be linked to negative impacts on mental health. The concept of emotional labour can be considered to be appropriate for a better understanding of what a parent experiences with the child in mundane situations and how parents handle the emotions. The perspective of emotional labour can therefore bring important information about emotions in parenthood and about the influence of intentionally working with these emotions on the mental functioning of parents even beyond the explanatory confines of emotion regulation. This study also introduces measurement instruments used to capture emotional labour and its dimensions. For future research of emotional labour in parenthood, creating a valid and reliable instrument, which has so far been lacking both in the Czech and international contexts, is a necessity.

A Balancing Act: Working and Caring for a Child with Cancer

Parenting a child with cancer creates numerous additional care demands that may lead to increased difficulties in balancing work and family responsibilities. Still, there is limited knowledge of how parents cope with both parenthood and paid work after a child’s cancer diagnosis. The aim of the study was to explore mothers’ and fathers’ experiences of balancing the dual roles of work and parenthood following a child’s cancer diagnosis. Nine focus groups with in total 32 parents of children with cancer in Sweden were conducted. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Three categories were identified: Shifts in the importance of the parent role and the work role, Influence of context and conditions on the balance of roles, and Long-term unbalance of roles. Parents expressed an increased appreciation of time spent with family, but also emphasized the importance of work to counterbalance the sometimes overwhelming parenting demands. The pre-existing financial situation, work situation, and employer behaviour were important factors influencing the parents’ ability to balance work and family. Traditional gender roles influenced how couples divided responsibilities and reflected on their experiences. Mothers and fathers were also met with different expectations, which highlights the need for the healthcare to consider their communication with caregivers. Importantly, the parents expressed how the child’s illness affected their ability to balance work and family for a long time, while the understanding and support from others had steadily declined. Enabling parents to care for their ill child without sacrificing their own career is of utmost importance, and future research should focus on identifying which factors facilitate for parents to achieve a sustainable work-life balance.

Children’s dominance in family vacation decision-making (FVDM): a multi-national analysis

Purpose This paper aims to explore adolescents’ perceptions of child-parent dominance in family vacation decision-making (FVDM) by investigating child-parent relative influence (CPRI) and responsibility-sharing (RS) within the family in regard to 15 vacation issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts Davis and Rigaux’s (1974) framework for identifying adolescents’ perceptions of child-parent dominance across a set of subjects concerning FVDM, by inspecting the distribution of family decision roles across 25 nations. This study then segments the issues regarding family vacations and nations, judging by CPRI and RS within the family. In addition, this paper introduces Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and diverse indices of development for each surveyed nation and compares their respective correlations with CPRI and RS at the national level. Findings The results, derived from data collected in 25 countries or territories, illustrate a climate of a parent-dominant-to-autonomous style of FVDM for all decision issues and all nations. Overall, both information availability and economizing attribute of issues are related to the democratization of FVDM. The relationship between the child-parent role distribution and national clusters varied across issue clusters. In addition, the paper found the national effectiveness more effective than the cultural dimension in explaining the dispersal of CPRI-RS profiles. Originality/value The data collected from 25 nations provide strong evidence for profiling child-parent dominance in FVDM. The data also serve as a basis for analyzing the role of sociocultural and ideological influences on child-parent dominance in FVDM, which was not established in previous research.

Representation and The Portrayal of Older Characters in 1st and 2nd cycle Student’s Text Books: Policy Implication

Students often see pictures before reading a text. Hence, pictures in the textbooks influence the attitude of students toward a group that were represented with the pictures. The main objective of this research was to investigate the representation and portrayal of old people in 1st and 2nd cycle students’ textbooks of Ethiopia with its policy implication. A total of 32 primary school textbooks were analyzed within the scope of this study. Document analysis were used as a major data collection method. It was found out that old people were portrayed with positive character that describe their activity in the society, have normal physical appearance, have minimum wrinkles, and socially cooperative. Parent role and grandparent role was used in the portrayal of old people while describing old people in the text books. All these show that variables associated with parental role like love and care were used as unique character of parents and grandparents indicate positive meaning given for the elderly in these text books. Finally, was recommended that curriculum planners should give due attention to pictures in text books since they have hidden agenda that they message to students. Moreover, since male and female were not equally represented in these text books it was recommended to consider it during textbook preparation.

Parental Engagement in Children's Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic

The world is shaken as the Covid-19 pandemic. All aspects of human life feel the consequences, including the education. School activity is replaced by online learning at home and teachers is now sharing the burden of teaching with parents. Facing this situation, parents should be able to play a role as children's learning companions at home. In fact, not all parents are ready for this new task. This research aims to find out more about the parental engagement in children's online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research conducted in Riau province with 148 samples of parents from the first and second grade of elementary school students, who filled the online questionnaire. The design used in this study is a converging design, simultaneously collecting quantitative and qualitative data, combining the data, comparing the results, and explaining all descriptions in the results. The result shows that parental engagement in supervising the children study time is 81,7%, parent role in accompanying children in learning is 80,4%, supervising children study time is 71,8%, recognizing children learning difficulties 69% and providing learning facilities 64.8%. It can be concluded that most of the parents are engaged in children online learning activities, although there are still those who have obstacles and difficulties in dividing time, attention and explaining the lesson to childrens.

Emotions and Experience of Fathers applying Kangaroo Care in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: A Qualitative Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the emotions and experiences of fathers in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey who applied kangaroo care in the neonatal intensive care unit. This study applied the qualitative descriptive design. The study included 12 fathers at the NICU of a university hospital. The fathers practiced kangaroo care with their babies two times a day for 15 days. Content analysis was then conducted to determine the main themes and sub-themes of the interviews. Three main themes and six sub-themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Emotions of being a father (feeling that the baby belongs to own and feeling the warmth and scent of the baby); (2) Confidence in fathering roles (self-confidence and caring for the baby); and (3) Happiness in the new parent role (seeing the baby calm down, hugging the baby and touching the baby’s skin).

Peran Orangtua Dan Guru Pak Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Rohani Anak Di Sdn Cawang 01 Pagi, Jakarta Timur

The study aims to describe the role of PAK's parents and teachers in the formation of children's spiritual characters. The focus of this research is how PAK's parent and teacher roles are in the formation of child's spiritual character. Research was conducted at SDN Cawang 01 Pagi and as a source of data for children's parents, Guru PAK, and a Christian child. Data collection techniques consist of literature reviews, interviews, and documentation. The instruments in this research are interview guidelines, and are denomented. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative data analysis, following the concepts given Miles and Huberman and Spradley. From the results of the analysis of data obtained the conclusion of the parent role in the formation of children's spiritual character in the school Cawang 01 morning, not entirely fulfilled. While the role of teachers PAK SDN Cawang 01 Pagi, has been done with the maximum, namely as educators, counselors, advisers, motivators, evangelists, communicators, and socialization agents and roles in accordance with the demands of the curriculum KTSP.Keyword: parents, master teacher, spiritual character