scholarly journals Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience in Organizational Research: Functional and Nonfunctional Approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Bagozzi ◽  
Nick Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Development Methods

Neuroscience offers a unique opportunity to elucidate the role of mental phenomena, including consciousness. However the place of such phenomena in explanations of human behavior is controversial. For example, consciousness has been construed in varied and conflicting forms, making it difficult to represent it in meaningful ways without committing researchers to one species of consciousness or another, with vastly different implications for hypothesis development, methods of study, and interpretation of findings. We explore the conceptual foundations of different explications of consciousness and consider alternative ways for studying its role in research. In the end, although no approach is flawless or dominates all others in every way, we are convinced that any viable approach must take into account, if not privilege, the self in the sense of representing the subjective, first-person process of self as observer and knower of one’s own actions and history, and the feelings and meanings attached to these. The most promising frameworks in this regard are likely to be some variant of nonreductive monism, or perhaps a kind of naturalistic dualism that remains yet to be developed coherently.

Self and Self-Representation in the Long Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-316
Author(s):  
Christopher Peacocke
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Person Concept

Six issues are salient in discussions of the first person since 1900: immunity to error through misidentification; the possibility of survival without survival of one’s body; the elusiveness of the self; the role of the first person attitudes in the explanation of action; the first person component in mental concepts; and the role of the first person simulation in explaining the actions of others. Since 1900, there have been accounts both of the nature of the first person concept, and accounts of the nature of subjects of experience. This paper discusses the achievements and limitations of these accounts in addressing the preceding six issues. These issues are also assessed against a wider range of possibilities, both for the first person and for the subject to which it refers, than are considered in this literature.

scholarly journals Feeling Empathically Toward Other People and the Self: The Role of Perspective Shifting in Emotion Sharing and Self-Reassurance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chui-De Chiu ◽  
Hau Ching Ng ◽  
Wing Ki Kwok ◽  
Marieke S. Tollenaar
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Cognitive Characteristic ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
The Moment

Feeling one’s own emotions empathically when negative thoughts about the self arise, a defining element of self-reassurance, promotes resilience to prolonged emotional reactivity. We propose that feeling empathically toward the self is accomplished by first stepping into the shoes of an objectified, undesired self-aspect, after which the process of perspective shifting should be completed by reengaging the self to experience the moment in the first person. We hypothesize that the resumption of the egocentric perspective in perspective shifting, a cognitive characteristic of sharing other people’s emotions, is crucial for self-reassurance as well. The relationships among flexibility in perspective shifting, self-reassurance, and emotion sharing were examined in community participants. Our results show that quickly switching back to a visuospatial egocentric perspective after adopting an opposing perspective relates to self-reassurance and emotion sharing. We conclude that both reassuring the self and empathizing with other people involve flexibility in perspective shifting.

scholarly journals The Epistemology of Psychology from a Perspective of Wittgenstein’s Grammatical Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mirian Donat
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
First Person ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Philosophical Investigations ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
Psychological Concepts

This article evaluates Wittgenstein’s possible contributions to an epistemology of psychology. Although the author admittedly neither proposes an epistemology nor examines specific issues of psychology as a science, we understand that his reflections on the meaning of psychological concepts may contribute to a better understanding of psychology as a science, which involves understanding its object and methods. With that goal in mind and based on the concept of language developed in his second phase, especially in his work Philosophical Investigations, we retrace his efforts to obtain a picture of the grammar of psychological concepts, emphasizing two of its aspects: first, the place and role of first‑person expressive propositions in the psychological language-game and second, how this understanding of the perspective of the first person implies in refusing to reduce explanations of human behavior to causal explanations in favor of explanations based on reasons.

scholarly journals Human behavior under conditions of limited freedom in the novel by A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s “In the first circle”

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Yang Bai ◽  
Nataliya V. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Image Features ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Family Stories ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

The work is devoted to the study of the image features of the people’s behavior in the conditions of camp imprisonment in the A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s novel “In the first Circle”. We study the forms of artistic embodiment of the theme of inner and outer freedom of the individual. We compare the principles of depicting the daily life of prisoners in the story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” and the novel “In the First Circle”. We pay attention to the meaning of the titles of these works by A.I. Solzhenitsyn. We consider the writer’s portrayal of events and actions of people in the absence/limitation of physical freedom. We emphasized the role of creative endea-vors in the self-preservation of human dignity. We outline the main parameters of the depiction of love storylines and family stories in the novel. We are clarifying the meaning of the author’s font emphasis in the text. We focus on the enduring relevance of the topic of preserving the mental strength of a person during periods of forced bondage and limited living conditions, which is one of the priorities in the work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The results of this study contribute to the expan-sion of ideas about the ideological and artistic specifics of the writer’s “camp prose” and can be applied when studying the history of Russian literature in universities, at special seminars and spe-cial courses on the work of the classic of the 20th century.

Integrating Unconscious Belief

2018 ◽  
pp. 304-330
Author(s):  
Adam Leite
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Moore’S Paradox ◽  
Moore's Paradox ◽  
Self Knowledge

The very idea of psychic integration presents puzzles in the case of unconscious belief, both for the analysand and for the theorist. In many cases, the unconsciously believed proposition is one that the analysand knows perfectly well to be false. What could it be to bring such a belief to consciousness? What could psychic integration come to in this sort of case? Put bluntly, the task facing the analysand is to consciously hold the belief even while placing it within a broader perspective in which it is recognized to be false. Implications are drawn concerning a number of large issues in epistemology and philosophy of mind: Moore’s Paradox, the role of rationality in psychic unity and self-consciousness, the nature of the first-person standpoint in relation to one’s own attitudes, transparency accounts of self-knowledge, and the role of endorsement in the constitution of the self.

Active Contemporary Citizenship as a Research Mode

2021 ◽  
pp. 002216782110505
Author(s):  
Ulrich Weger ◽  
Klaus Herbig
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Direct Involvement ◽  
Global Form ◽  
The World ◽  
Civil Participation

Active citizenship is a form of civil participation in which direct involvement is emphasized over distanced reflection. As such it seems to be in juxtaposition to the role of the researcher who is typically an external spectator and observes, documents, and analyzes phenomena from outside. This quality of remaining in a state of professional distance and scholarly reflection can pose a dilemma when the multitude of problems in the world is obvious and the need for direct intervention becomes undeniable. Are active citizenship and scientific enquiry opposing modes of participation or can they be complementary? For the duration of 11 months, we pursued a first-person study, seeking to deepen a sense of engagement with the challenges of the time while simultaneously maintaining our role as researchers. We aggregate our findings into four categories—“feelings,” “insights,” “changes in perspective” and the “wrestling to find a balance between inertia and conscience.” The results are contextualized within the broader literature of the self, pointing to facets of identity that encompass both a local and a global form of “active” or “contemporary” citizenship.

First-Person Experiments in Thinking

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renatus Ziegler ◽  
Ulrich Weger
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Mental Contents

Abstract. In psychology, thinking is typically studied in terms of a range of behavioral or physiological parameters, focusing, for instance, on the mental contents or the neuronal correlates of the thinking process proper. In the current article, by contrast, we seek to complement this approach with an exploration into the experiential or inner dimensions of thinking. These are subtle and elusive and hence easily escape a mode of inquiry that focuses on externally measurable outcomes. We illustrate how a sufficiently trained introspective approach can become a radar for facets of thinking that have found hardly any recognition in the literature so far. We consider this an important complement to third-person research because these introspective observations not only allow for new insights into the nature of thinking proper but also cast other psychological phenomena in a new light, for instance, attention and the self. We outline and discuss our findings and also present a roadmap for the reader interested in studying these phenomena in detail.

The role of secrecy in human behavior.

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior
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