Effects of castration on penile extracellular matrix morphology in domestic cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1261-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia CS Borges ◽  
Marco A Pereira-Sampaio ◽  
Vivian Alves Pereira ◽  
Marcelo Abidu-Figueiredo ◽  
Maurício Alves Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Corpus Spongiosum ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Luminal Area ◽  
Matrix Morphology ◽  
Student’S T

Objectives This study was undertaken to verify the possible modifications caused by hormonal deprivation in the extracellular matrix in the penises of neutered cats. Methods Twenty-seven penises from domestic shorthair cats were collected: 14 samples from intact cats and 13 from neutered cats. Sections were stained with Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin, hematoxylin and eosin, and picrosirius red. Histomorphometric analysis was performed using light microscopy and image analysis software. The following parameters were analyzed: density of the elastic fibers and collagen fibers in the corpus spongiosum; density of the elastic fibers in the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum and the tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum; luminal area of the urethra; area of the corpus spongiosum; area of the corpus cavernosum; and thickness of the urethral epithelium. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test to verify the normal distribution, and groups were compared using Student’s t-test; P <0.05 indicated statistically significant differences. Results Significant differences were observed between intact cats and neutered cats in the density of elastic fibers in the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum (8.13% ± 1.38% vs 3.11% ± 0.66%), tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum (4.37% ± 1.08% vs 3.30% ± 1.01%) and corpus spongiosum (6.28% ± 3.03% vs 4.10% ± 2.19%), and density of collagen fibers in the corpus spongiosum (34.11% ± 10.86% vs 44.21% ± 12.72%). Conclusions and relevance The results show a significant decrease in the density of the elastic fibers and a significant increase of the density of the collagen fibers in the corpus spongiosum in neutered animals. This suggests that the compliance of the periurethral region is reduced, and these changes could be a predisposing factor for urethral obstructive disease.

scholarly journals Morphological analysis of the elastic and collagen fibers in the ram penis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2159-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cesar Schimming ◽  
Gustavo N. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Sigmoid Flexure ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Corpus Spongiosum ◽  
Domestic Ruminants

ABSTRACT: The penis represents the organ of the male’s copulation. It is essential to know the reproductive biology and the morphology of the reproductive organs to increase animal production. In order to contribute to this knowledge and provides information on the ram reproductive morphology, the purpose of this work was to describe the distribution, based on light microscopy, of the collagen and elastic fibers in the ram penis. For that, were collected transverse fragments of the penis (root, sigmoid flexure, body and glans) of seven rams. The specimens were fixed in paraformaldehyde for 24h and destined for the histological routine. The extracellular matrix of the ram penis was composed of collagen and elastic fibers. The penis was enveloped by the tunica albuginea, consisting essentially of collagen fibers, which were arranged in two layers: an outer longitudinal and an inner circular. This tunic emitted septa that penetrated the corpus cavernosum. The elastic fibers appeared transversely and longitudinally in the corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, and next to the neurovascular bundle of the penis. This structure was not different to that reported for other domestic ruminants such as cattle and buffaloes.

scholarly journals Stereological study of the elastic fiber and smooth muscle cell system in the bovine and buffalo penis

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma C.A. Ribeiro ◽  
Marcelo Abidu-Figueiredo ◽  
Fabíola B. Costa ◽  
Marco A. Pereira-Sampaio ◽  
Maurício A. Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Elastic System ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Corpus Spongiosum ◽  
Significant Difference

Samples of ten penises of Mediterranean buffaloes and ten penises of Red Sindhi cattle were used. The thickness of the tunica albuginea (TA), distribution of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and volume density (Vv) of elastic system fibers in TA, corpus cavernosum (CC) and corpus spongiosum (CS) were evaluated. The Vv of elastic system fibers in buffalo and bovine penis was respectively 4.07% ±0.88% and 3.36% ±1.21% in TA; 17.32% ±2.21% and 13.14% ±1.27% (CC), 26.58% ±4.31% and 31.36% ±3.67% (CS). The CC of buffalo presented higher Vv of elastic fibers than bovine, while in the CS the Vv of elastic fibers in buffaloes was smaller than in cattle. The TA thickness showed a significant difference among the species studied. The arrangement of SMC in the bovine penises and in the water buffalo suggests that this pattern is common to animals that have fibroelastic penises.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin D Restricted Diet Administered during Perinatal and Postnatal Periods on the Penis of Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Fernandes-Lima ◽  
Bianca M. Gregório ◽  
Fernanda A. M. Nascimento ◽  
Waldemar S. Costa ◽  
Carla B. M. Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Corpus Spongiosum ◽  
Histomorphometric Analysis ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Cross Sectional

Vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women and infants. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D restricted diet on the Wistar rats offspring penis morphology. Mother rats received either standard diet (SC) or vitamin D restricted (VitD) diet. At birth, offspring were divided into SC/SC (from SC mothers, fed with SC diet) and VitD/VitD (from VitD mothers, fed with VitD diet). After euthanasia the penises were processed for histomorphometric analysis. The VitD/VitD offspring displayed metabolic changes and reduction in the cross-sectional area of the penis, corpus cavernosum, tunica albuginea, and increased area of the corpus spongiosum. The connective tissue, smooth muscle, and cell proliferation percentages were greater in the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum in the VitD/VitD offspring. The percentages of sinusoidal spaces and elastic fibers in the corpus cavernosum decreased. The elastic fibers in the tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum in the VitD/VitD offspring were reduced. Vitamin D restriction during perinatal and postnatal periods induced metabolic and structural changes and represented important risk factors for erectile dysfunction in the penis of the adult offspring. These findings suggest that vitamin D is an important micronutrient in maintaining the cytoarchitecture of the penis.

Expansion of the tunica albuginea during penile inflation in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
D.A. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Flexural Stiffness ◽  
Corpus Spongiosum ◽  
Tissue Stiffness ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Corpora Cavernosa

Artificial inflation of corpora cavernosa from the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) showed that the expansion of the tunica albuginea during erection increases both components of flexural stiffness: the second moment of area and Young's modulus of elasticity. Folded tissue and crimped collagen fibers in the tunica albuginea permit its expansion during erection. As the tunica albuginea's radii increase in size, its second moment of area also increases. The crimped collagen fibers permit the flaccid tunica albuginea to expand to strains of 25 % longitudinally and 15 % circumferentially, after which tissue stiffness increases by 3–4 orders of magnitude. Radial expansion of the corpus cavernosum is limited by collagenous trabeculae. The trabeculae maintain the non-circular cross section of the corpus cavernosum during erection. Restricting expansion appears to protect the corpus spongiosum and urethra from occlusion, but has the side effect of reducing the potential flexural stiffness of the corpus cavernosum by reducing the second moment of area of the tunica albuginea.

scholarly journals Fracture penis: rare occurrence

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 3747
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sankalp Dwivedi ◽  
Sagar Bassi ◽  
Sunil Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Penile Curvature ◽  
Corpus Spongiosum ◽  
Penile Fracture ◽  
Immediate Surgery ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Erect Penis

Fracture Penis is not usual. It is a tear in the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa with or without involvement of corpus spongiosum and urethra. The usual cause is abrupt bending of the erect penis by blunt trauma, most commonly during sexual intercourse. A crackling sound, pain, detumescences, bruising, swelling, and bleeding per urethra are the common symptoms reported by the patients. Early surgical management is treatment of choice. Diagnosis of Penile Fracture refers to a rupture of the corpus cavernosum induced by blunt trauma to erect penis. Mainly diagnosed clinically from their stereotypical crackling sound from the erect penis at the moment of injury, rapidly followed by acute swelling, pain and penile deformity. Treatment recommendations include immediate exploration and repair. Surgical repair requires evacuation of hematoma, identification of tear, repair of the tear and ligation of any disrupted vasculature. Long term complications after repair include penile deviation, painful intercourse, painful erection and erectile dysfunction. The diagnosis of penile fracture is mostly clinical. Based on physical examination and typical crackling sound at the time of injury. Prompt surgical exploration and repair are advocated in almost all cases. Immediate surgery reduces long term complication which is post-traumatic penile curvature.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Synthesis and Lysis of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Fibrosis Associated with Lymphedema

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Pereira de Godoy ◽  
Maria de Fatima Guerreiro Godoy ◽  
Henrique Jose Pereira de Godoy ◽  
Dalisio De Santi Neto
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Proteins ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Primary Lymphedema ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Fibrotic diseases pose a problem for overall health due to their chronic, progressive nature; the lack of a cure; and the fact that such conditions are largely refractory to current medical and surgical treatment practices. Objective: The aim of the present study was to report the physiological stimulation of synthesis and lysis of extracellular matrix proteins during the treatment of primary lymphedema. Material and Methods: A clinical trial was conducted involving the analysis of changes in type I and III collagen fibers and elastic fibers as well as the thickness of the epidermis and dermis in 10 histological fields. Samples were taken from the skin before and after intensive treatment using the Godoy Method® and adapted to the treatment of fibrosis in a patient with a clinical diagnosis of lower limb lymphedema. Slides were stained with orcein, hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius red, and Gomori’s reticulin stains. Weibel’s multipoint method was used for the morphometric evaluation. The data were compared using the t-test with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Significant changes were detected in all aspects of interest (thickness of the epidermis and dermis, type I and III collagen fibers, and elastic fibers). Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate the physiological stimulation of synthesis and lysis of the main components of an extracellular matrix, such as type I and III collagen fibers and elastic fibers, as well as a reduction in the thickness of the epidermis and dermis in cases of fibrosis through adequate stimulation of the lymphatic system.

scholarly journals Concentration of elastic system fibers in the corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, and tunica albuginea in the rabbit penis

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Maia ◽  
M A Babinski ◽  
M A Figueiredo ◽  
M A Chagas ◽  
W S Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic System ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Corpus Spongiosum

scholarly journals Penile fracture: A rare case of simultaneous rupture of the one corpus cavernosum and complete urethral rupture

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
Djordje Nale ◽  
Nebojsa Bojanic ◽  
Predrag Nikic
Keyword(s):  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Corpus Spongiosum ◽  
Penile Fracture ◽  
Voiding Function ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Urethral Rupture ◽  
Simultaneous Rupture

Introduction. Penile fracture is a traumatic rupture of tunica albuginea and the tumescent corpora cavernosa due to the nonphysiological bending of the penile shaft, presenting with or without rupture of corpus spongiosum and urethra. The incidence of concomitant injury of the urethra is 0-38%. Complete urethral rupture is rare, but it is almost always associated with bilateral corporeal injury. Case report. We presented a patient with complete urethral rupture, and rupture of the right cavernous body. According to the available literature, this case is extremely rare. Conclusion. Fracture of the penis is relatively uncommon and is considered a urologic emergency. Prompt surgical exploration and repair can preserve erectile and voiding function.

Optimization of a decellularization protocol of porcine tracheas. Long-term effects of cryopreservation. A histological study

2021 ◽  
pp. 039139882110089
Author(s):  
Lara Milian ◽  
María Sancho-Tello ◽  
Joan Roig-Soriano ◽  
Giovanna Foschini ◽  
Néstor J Martínez-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Biomechanical Effect ◽  
Triton X

Objective: The aim of this study was to optimize a decellularization protocol in the trachea of Sus scrofa domestica (pig) as well as to study the effects of long-term cryopreservation on the extracellular matrix of decellularized tracheas. Methods: Porcine tracheas were decellularized using Triton X-100, SDC, and SDS alone or in combination. The effect of these detergents on the extracellular matrix characteristics of decellularized porcine tracheas was evaluated at the histological, biomechanical, and biocompatibility level. Morphometric approaches were used to estimate the effect of detergents on the collagen and elastic fibers content as well as on the removal of chondrocytes from decellularized organs. Moreover, the long-term structural, ultrastructural, and biomechanical effect of cryopreservation of decellularized tracheas were also estimated. Results: Two percent SDS was the most effective detergent tested concerning cell removal and preservation of the histological and biomechanical properties of the tracheal wall. However, long-term cryopreservation had no an appreciable effect on the structure, ultrastructure, and biomechanics of decellularized tracheal rings. Conclusion: The results presented here reinforce the use of SDS as a valuable decellularizing agent for porcine tracheas. Furthermore, a cryogenic preservation protocol is described, which has minimal impact on the histological and biomechanical properties of decellularized porcine tracheas.

scholarly journals In Situ “Humanization” of Porcine Bioprostheses: Demonstration of Tendon Bioprostheses Conversion into Human ACL and Possible Implications for Heart Valve Bioprostheses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Uri Galili ◽  
Kevin R. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Porcine Tissue ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

This review describes the first studies on successful conversion of porcine soft-tissue bioprostheses into viable permanently functional tissue in humans. This process includes gradual degradation of the porcine tissue, with concomitant neo-vascularization and reconstruction of the implanted bioprosthesis with human cells and extracellular matrix. Such a reconstruction process is referred to in this review as “humanization”. Humanization was achieved with porcine bone-patellar-tendon-bone (BTB), replacing torn anterior-cruciate-ligament (ACL) in patients. In addition to its possible use in orthopedic surgery, it is suggested that this humanization method should be studied as a possible mechanism for converting implanted porcine bioprosthetic heart-valves (BHV) into viable tissue valves in young patients. Presently, these patients are only implanted with mechanical heart-valves, which require constant anticoagulation therapy. The processing of porcine bioprostheses, which enables humanization, includes elimination of α-gal epitopes and partial (incomplete) crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Studies on implantation of porcine BTB bioprostheses indicated that enzymatic elimination of α-gal epitopes prevents subsequent accelerated destruction of implanted tissues by the natural anti-Gal antibody, whereas the partial crosslinking by glutaraldehyde molecules results in their function as “speed bumps” that slow the infiltration of macrophages. Anti-non gal antibodies produced against porcine antigens in implanted bioprostheses recruit macrophages, which infiltrate at a pace that enables slow degradation of the porcine tissue, neo-vascularization, and infiltration of fibroblasts. These fibroblasts align with the porcine collagen-fibers scaffold, secrete their collagen-fibers and other extracellular-matrix (ECM) components, and gradually replace porcine tissues degraded by macrophages with autologous functional viable tissue. Porcine BTB implanted in patients completes humanization into autologous ACL within ~2 years. The similarities in cells and ECM comprising heart-valves and tendons, raises the possibility that porcine BHV undergoing a similar processing, may also undergo humanization, resulting in formation of an autologous, viable, permanently functional, non-calcifying heart-valves.

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