Feline asthma and heartworm disease: Clinical features, diagnostics and therapeutics

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Garrity ◽  
Tekla Lee-Fowler ◽  
Carol Reinero
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Asthma Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Heartworm Disease ◽  
Over Time

Practical relevance: For feline practitioners, the cat with a cough or respiratory distress and thoracic radiographs with a bronchial or bronchointerstitial pattern suggests lower airway disease. Two important differentials, allergic asthma and heartworm disease (HWD), have many overlapping clinicopathologic features, but also clear and important differences in terms of cause and disease progression, treatment and prognosis. Notably, asthma is readily treatable and HWD is preventable. Clinical significance: Feline HWD comprises two clinical syndromes: the comparatively recently described heartworm-associated respiratory disease (HARD) and adult HWD. The former is much more common; very few cats with HARD develop adult HWD. In HARD, following death of immature worms, pulmonary lesions may improve over time (‘self-cure’). Lesions of adult HWD also improve over time as long as reinfection does not occur; however, with death of adult heartworms, mortality is high, and the prognosis is guarded. In asthma, morbidity is relatively high, but mortality is low, with an overall good to excellent prognosis. Disease recognition: Feline asthma is encountered worldwide. In the authors’ impression, feline HWD is often under-recognized. Aims: The aim of this review is to assist clinicians in differentiating feline asthma from feline HWD; as such, the emphasis is on distinguishing clinical features, as well as on diagnostics, therapy and prognosis. In differentiating these conditions, clinicians can attempt the goal of properly managing these diseases and can best educate owners on prognosis. Evidence base: For both feline asthma and feline HWD, the authors have drawn on the available peer-reviewed literature studies involving experimental models as well as spontaneous disease.

Embracing the Cascade part 3: clinical decision making in equine asthma

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
James Bailey ◽  
Mark Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Rescue Therapy ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Equine Asthma

Equine asthma is the current terminology that covers chronic non-infectious lower airway disorders in the horse. Mild and moderate equine asthma reflect the syndrome previously referred to as inflammatory airway disease, while severe asthma reflects both recurrent airway obstruction and summer pasture-associated obstructive airway disease. Corticosteroids are the most important therapeutic agents for the management of horses with all severities of equine asthma. Prednisolone and dexamethasone products are authorised for use in horses and can be used for the management of asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids have the potential advantages of reduced systemic effects and reduced detection times in competition animals. ‘Special’ (extemporaneous) formulations of oral dexamethasone may be valuable in horses with severe asthma. A range of bronchodilator therapies can be used for the management of severe asthma; although the clinical efficacy of systemic bronchodilators still lacks a robust evidence base, they may have a particular role in ‘rescue-therapy’ and in acute exacerbations. The evidence for the use of mucolytic agents is limited and excessive mucus production should resolve with improvements in airway inflammation. Inhaled saline and inhaled acetylcysteine may provide useful improvements in mucus secretion without any effects on competition horses. Mast cell stabilisers may have a role in the management of mild equine asthma, although they have a limited evidence base for their use. The use of the prescribing cascade provides access to a range of medications that are useful in the management of equine asthma.

Traumatic abdominal wall rupture in cats: Decision-making and recommended repair techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
Julie M Hennet ◽  
John Williams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Postoperative Morbidity ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Postoperative Patient ◽  
Surgical Equipment ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Repair Techniques

Practical relevance: Traumatic abdominal wall rupture is a potentially serious injury in cats. Feline and general practitioners should be up to date with the significance of these injuries and the procedures required to correct them. Clinical challenges: It is essential that the surgeon understands the local anatomy and adheres to Halsted’s principles in order that postoperative morbidity and mortality are kept to a minimum. Equipment: Standard general surgical equipment is required together with the facilities to provide adequate pre-, intra- and postoperative patient care. Evidence base: The authors have drawn on evidence from the published literature, as well as their own clinical experience, in developing this review aimed all veterinarians who want to update their skills in managing feline abdominal wall trauma.

Association of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection with lower airway disease in the horse: A retrospective case series

2010 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte Winther ◽  
Rikke Munk Andersen ◽  
Keith E. Baptiste ◽  
Bent Aalbæk ◽  
Luca Guardabassi
Keyword(s):  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Retrospective Case Series

scholarly journals Potential of Immunoglobulin A to Prevent Allergic Asthma

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk K. Gloudemans ◽  
Bart N. Lambrecht ◽  
Hermelijn H. Smits
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Lower Airway

Allergic asthma is characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a defective barrier function, and eosinophilic lower airway inflammation in response to allergens. The inflammation is dominated by Th2 cells and IgE molecules and supplemented with Th17 cells in severe asthma. In contrast, in healthy individuals, allergen-specific IgA and IgG4 molecules are found but no IgE, and their T cells fail to proliferate in response to allergens, probably because of the development of regulatory processes that actively suppress responses to allergens. The presence of allergen-specific secretory IgA has drawn little attention so far, although a few epidemiological studies point at a reverse association between IgA levels and the incidence of allergic airway disease. This review highlights the latest literature on the role of mucosal IgA in protection against allergic airway disease, the mechanisms described to induce secretory IgA, and the role of (mucosal) dendritic cells in this process. Finally, we discuss how this information can be used to translate into the development of new therapies for allergic diseases based on, or supplemented with, IgA boosting strategies.

scholarly journals Three Evidence Based Methods to Compensate for a Lack of Subject Background when Ordering Chemistry Monographs

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Library System ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Objective – The aim of this article is to present evidence based methods for the selection of chemistry monographs, particularly for librarians lacking a background in chemistry. These methods will be described in detail, their practical application illustrated, and their efficacy tested by analyzing circulation data. Methods – Two hundred and ninety-five chemistry monographs were selected between 2005 and 2007 using rigorously-applied evidence based methods involving the Library's integrated library system (ILS), Google, and SciFinder Scholar. The average circulation rate of this group of monographs was compared to the average circulation rate of 254 chemistry monographs selected between 2002 and 2004 when the methods were not used or were in an incomplete state of development. Results – Circulations/month were on average 9% greater in the cohort of monographs selected with the rigorously-applied evidence based methods. Further statistical analysis, however, finds that this result can not be attributed to the different application of these methods. Conclusion – The methods discussed in this article appear to provide an evidence base for the selection of chemistry monographs, but their application does not change circulation rates in a statistically significant way. Further research is needed to determine if this lack of statistical significance is real or a product of the organic development and application of these methods over time, making definitive comparisons difficult.

scholarly journals Periostin in Exhaled Breath Condensate and in Serum of Asthmatic Patients: Relationship to Upper and Lower Airway Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wardzyńska ◽  
Joanna S. Makowska ◽  
Małgorzata Pawełczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Piechota-Polańczyk ◽  
Marcin Kurowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Breath Condensate

scholarly journals Multimorbidity of chronic non-communicable diseases: burden, care provision and outcomes over time among patients attending chronic outpatient medical care in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia—a mixed methods study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e051107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fantu Abebe Eyowas ◽  
Marguerite Schneider ◽  
Shitaye Alemu ◽  
Fentie Ambaw Getahun
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionMultimorbidity refers to the presence of two or more chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a given individual. It is associated with premature mortality, lower quality of life (QoL) and greater use of healthcare resources. The burden of multimorbidity could be huge in the low and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ethiopia. However, there is limited evidence on the magnitude of multimorbidity, associated risk factors and its effect on QoL and functionality. In addition, the evidence base on the way health systems are organised to manage patients with multimorbidity is sparse. The knowledge gleaned from this study could have a timely and significant impact on the prevention, management and survival of patients with NCD multimorbidity in Ethiopia and in LMICs at large.Methods and analysisThis study has three phases: (1) a cross-sectional quantitative study to determine the magnitude of NCD multimorbidity and its effect on QoL and functionality, (2) a qualitative study to explore organisation of care for patients with multimorbidity, and (3) a longitudinal quantitative study to investigate disease progression and patient outcomes over time. A total of 1440 patients (≥40 years) on chronic care follow-up will be enrolled from different facilities for the quantitative studies. The quantitative data will be collected from multiple sources using the KoBo Toolbox software and analysed by STATA V.16. Multiple case study designs will be employed to collect the qualitative data. The qualitative data will be coded and analysed by Open Code software thematically.Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance has been obtained from the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University (protocol number 003/2021). Subjects who provide written consent will be recruited in the study. Confidentiality of data will be strictly maintained. Findings will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

Treatment of Upper and Lower Airway Disease with Azelastine

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Perhach ◽  
John T. Connell ◽  
James P. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lower Airway
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