scholarly journals Multimorbidity of chronic non-communicable diseases: burden, care provision and outcomes over time among patients attending chronic outpatient medical care in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia—a mixed methods study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e051107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fantu Abebe Eyowas ◽  
Marguerite Schneider ◽  
Shitaye Alemu ◽  
Fentie Ambaw Getahun
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionMultimorbidity refers to the presence of two or more chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a given individual. It is associated with premature mortality, lower quality of life (QoL) and greater use of healthcare resources. The burden of multimorbidity could be huge in the low and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ethiopia. However, there is limited evidence on the magnitude of multimorbidity, associated risk factors and its effect on QoL and functionality. In addition, the evidence base on the way health systems are organised to manage patients with multimorbidity is sparse. The knowledge gleaned from this study could have a timely and significant impact on the prevention, management and survival of patients with NCD multimorbidity in Ethiopia and in LMICs at large.Methods and analysisThis study has three phases: (1) a cross-sectional quantitative study to determine the magnitude of NCD multimorbidity and its effect on QoL and functionality, (2) a qualitative study to explore organisation of care for patients with multimorbidity, and (3) a longitudinal quantitative study to investigate disease progression and patient outcomes over time. A total of 1440 patients (≥40 years) on chronic care follow-up will be enrolled from different facilities for the quantitative studies. The quantitative data will be collected from multiple sources using the KoBo Toolbox software and analysed by STATA V.16. Multiple case study designs will be employed to collect the qualitative data. The qualitative data will be coded and analysed by Open Code software thematically.Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance has been obtained from the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University (protocol number 003/2021). Subjects who provide written consent will be recruited in the study. Confidentiality of data will be strictly maintained. Findings will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

scholarly journals High prevalence of dietary and physical activity related risk factors for non-communicable diseases among apparently healthy urban women in Kochi, Kerala, South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Teena M. Joy ◽  
Nimitha Paul ◽  
Rakesh P. S. ◽  
K. Leelamoni
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) represent the biggest threat to women’s health worldwide. NCD is a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality among women in Kerala. This study attempts to delineate the risk factors of NCDs among apparently healthy urban women in Kochi, Kerala. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among apparently healthy women of age 20-60 years in randomly selected wards of Eloor municipality, Kochi, Kerala. The minimum calculated sample size was 130. Houses were selected by systematic random sampling. A semi structured questionnaire based on the STEPS instrument was administered to eligible subjects. Their anthropometric measurements were also taken using standardised tools. Data were entered into Excel sheet and analysed using SPSS version 15. Results: The mean age of the women surveyed was 38.9 years (SD 10.2). Majority (71%) of the study participants were home makers. Majority (97.2%) consumed less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Of them, 79.3% were in the low physical activity category.  Around 55% of the women were either overweight or obese. Conclusions: The current study showed a high burden of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among women in urban area in Kerala. Considering the burden of NCD risk factors in the population, there is urgent need to plan and implement gender sensitive community-based interventions at different levels including health promotion, and prevention. 

scholarly journals Variation in the Availability and Cost of Essential Medicines for Non-Communicable Diseases in Uganda: a descriptive time series analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Armstrong-Hough ◽  
Srish Sharma ◽  
Sandeep P. Kishore ◽  
Ann R Akiteng ◽  
Jeremy I. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundAvailability of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is poor in low- and middle-income countries. Availability and cost are conventionally assessed using cross-sectional data. However, these characteristics may vary over time.MethodsWe carried out a prospective, descriptive analysis of the availability and cost of essential medicines in 23 Ugandan health facilities over a five-week period. We surveyed facility pharmacies in-person up to five times, recording availability and cost of 19 essential medicines for NCDs and four essential medicines for communicable diseases.ResultsAvailability of medicines varied substantially over time, especially among public facilities. Among private-for-profit facilities, the cost of the same medicine varied from week to week. Private-not-for-profit facilities experienced less dramatic fluctuations in price.ConclusionsWe conclude that there is a need for standardized, continuous monitoring to better characterize the availability and cost of essential medicines, understand demand for these medicines, and reduce uncertainty for patients.

scholarly journals Variation in the availability and cost of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases in Uganda: A descriptive time series analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0241555
Author(s):  
Mari Armstrong-Hough ◽  
Srish Sharma ◽  
Sandeep P. Kishore ◽  
Ann R. Akiteng ◽  
Jeremy I. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Background Availability of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is poor in low- and middle-income countries. Availability and cost are conventionally assessed using cross-sectional data. However, these characteristics may vary over time. Methods We carried out a prospective, descriptive analysis of the availability and cost of essential medicines in 23 Ugandan health facilities over a five-week period. We surveyed facility pharmacies in-person up to five times, recording availability and cost of 19 essential medicines for NCDs and four essential medicines for communicable diseases. Results Availability of medicines varied substantially over time, especially among public facilities. Among private-for-profit facilities, the cost of the same medicine varied from week to week. Private-not-for-profit facilities experienced less dramatic fluctuations in price. Conclusions We conclude that there is a need for standardized, continuous monitoring to better characterize the availability and cost of essential medicines, understand demand for these medicines, and reduce uncertainty for patients.

scholarly journals Implementasi Program Pos Pembinaan Terpadu Penyakit Tidak Menular di Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2015

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-181
Author(s):  
Lelly Andayasari ◽  
Cicih Opitasari
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Paramedical Personnel

Abstrak Pos Pembinaan Terpadu Penyakit Tidak Menular (Posbindu PTM) merupakan salah satu bentuk pemberdayaan peran serta masyarakat untuk pengendalian penyakit tidak menular. Saat ini terjadi peningkatan prevalensi penyakit tidak menular di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi implementasi program Posbindu PTM di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion. Informan utama berasal dari Dinas Kesehatan, Puskesmas, kader, dan masyarakat. Data kuantitatif didapatkan dari 187 responden yang berkunjung ke Posbindu PTM. Sebagian besar adalah perempuan dan berumur 45 tahun ke atas. Faktor pendukung pelaksanaan program Posbindu PTM adalah adanya pedoman Posbindu PTM, Posbindu kit, kader yang mampu mengidentifikasi faktor risiko PTM, kesiapan tenaga medis dan paramedik dalam penanganan PTM, serta adanya dukungan dari kepala Dinas kesehatan dalam menangani PTM. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah dana yang terbatas, kurang lengkapnya penyuluhan yang diberikan kader, kurangnya dukungan dari perangkat desa, dan tidak adanya tenaga medis/paramedik. Perlu peningkatan sosialisasi program Posbindu PTM dalam meningkatkan kesadaran terhadap kesehatan, serta dilengkapinya Buku Pedoman Posbindu PTM dan Posbindu kit untuk masing-masing Posbindu PTM. Kata kunci: Posbindu PTM, kader, dana, PTM Abstract Integrated coaching post for non-communicable diseases (Posbindu PTM) is a form of empowering community participation to control non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Currently, there is an increase in the prevalence of NCDs in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to identify the implementation of the Posbindu PTM program in West Java Province. This was a cross sectional study. The data collected was quantitative and qualitative data. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The informants of the study came from the district health agency, public health centers, cadres and the community. A total of 187 participants visiting Posbindu PTM were interviewed, mostly were women and aged ≥ 45 years. Supporting factors for the implementation of the Posbindu PTM program are the availability of guidelines and Posbindu kit, capability of cadres to identify the risk factors of NCDs, readiness of medical and paramedical personnel in non communicable management and the support from the head of the health department in non communicable management. The inhibiting factors are limited budget, lack of counseling by cadres, lack of support from village officials, and lack of medical/ paramedical personnel. It is necessary to increase the socialization of the Posbindu PTM program in increasing awareness of their health and to complete the guidelines and kits for each Posbindu PTM. Keywords: Posbindu PTM, cadres, funding, PTM

THE SITUATION OF RECOGNITION OF SOME NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND TREATMENT AND PREVENTIVE BEHAVIORS OF PEOPLE IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Phuoc Thuoc Doan ◽  
Thi Huong Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thanh Nhan Tran ◽  
Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Background: Non-communicable diseases seriously affect public health and socio-economic development of the country due to the high number of people suffering from diseases, being disabled and mortal. However, the proportion of people who recognized themselves a suffering from non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia is not high. For cases that their disease situations have been identified, there are not appropriate treatment and preventive behaviors. Objectives: 1) To determine the proportion of 25 - 84 years old peoplewho identified themselves as suffering from hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. 2) To learn treatment and preventive behaviors in the group of people who identified themselves as suffering from diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a randomly selected sample of 1600 residents in Thua Thien Hue province. Results: The proportion of people knowing that they are suffering from hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was 29.4%; 3.2% and 7.8% respectively. Among them, the proportion of people who did not treat and treated irregularly accounted for 42.7%; 13.7% and 75.2% respectively; the proportion of people who did not change their lifestyles and dietary habits accounted for 50.1%; 5.9% and 56.8% respectively. Conclusions: The proportion of people who identified themselves as suffering from some non-communicable diseases without appropriate treatment and preventive behaviors is alarming. Interventions are needed to help people realize the importance of treatment and prevention effectively. Key words: Non-communicable diseases, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia

Instagramming our way through public health communication: why and who is using it?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vareda ◽  
T Garcia ◽  
J Rachadell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Background From disease prevention to health promotion, communication is key for Public Health (PH) practice and, according to the 9th Essential Public Health Operation its goal is to improve populations health literacy and capacity to access, understand and use information. Though social media is frequently presented as a potentially useful tool for PH communication, there is a lack of evidence about its effectiveness and impact on PH outcomes. This study researches Instagram® as a PH tool and aims to know who is using it, what content is shared on the platform and how much engagement there is. Methods This cross-sectional study regards information on 1000 Instagram® posts with the hashtags publichealth, publichealthpromotion, healthpromotion, publichealthmatters and publichealtheducation. Authors categorized post content and creators, and reviewed the number of likes and comments per post to determine engagement. Data analysis was performed on IBM SPSS® Statistics. Results The most common content categories were communicable diseases (n = 383), non-communicable diseases (n = 258) and healthy lifestyles (n = 143). Health professionals post more about communicable diseases (43,6%) and non-professionals about healthy lifestyles (36,1%). Non-professionals (n = 191) post about PH issues almost as much as health professionals (n = 220) and PH associations (n = 201). Most don't reference their sources (n = 821). Posts on communicable diseases have the most likes and comments per post (mean of 172 likes and 3,1 comments). Conclusions Half the Instagram® posts analysed in this study were made by health professionals or organizations. Communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and healthy lifestyles were the most frequent content categories and had the most engagement. The majority of posts didn't reference their sources. Though Instagram® seems to be a potential PH communication tool, further research is needed to confirm its benefits for PH. Key messages Social media platforms like Instagram® are potentially powerful tools for PH communication. There is a need to understand the efficacy of social media as health promotion tools.

scholarly journals A Study on Service Availability and Readiness Assessment of Non-Communicable Diseases Using the WHO Tool for Gazipur District in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rashemdul Islam ◽  
Shamima Parvin Laskar ◽  
Darryl Macer
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Service Availability ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Service Readiness

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) disproportionately affect low and middle-income countries where nearly three quarters of NCD deaths occur. Bangladesh is also in NCD burden. This cross-sectional study was done on 50 health facilities centres at Gazipur district in Bangladesh from July 2015 to December 2015 to introduce SARA for better monitoring and evaluation of non-communicable diseases health service delivery. The General Service readiness index score was 61.52% refers to the fact that about 62% of all the facilities were ready to provide general services like basic amenities, basic equipment, standard precautions for infection prevention, and diagnostic capacity and essential medicines to the patients. But in case of non-communicable diseases, among all the health facilities 40% had chronic respiratory disease and cardiovascular diseases diagnosis/ management and only 32% had availability of diabetes diagnosis/management. Overall readiness score was 52% in chronic respiratory disease, 73% in cardiovascular disease and 70% in diabetes. Therefore, service availability and readiness of the health facilities to provide NCD related health services were not up to the mark for facing future targets.  A full-scale census survey of all the facilities of the study area would give a better understanding of the availability and service readiness.

scholarly journals Prevalence of disabilities and non-communicable diseases in an elderly population in the Telangana state, India: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041755
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Satya Brahmanandam Modepalli ◽  
Thirupathi Reddy Kumbham ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Jill E Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of disabilities (vision, hearing, mobility, cognitive, self-care and communication) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the elderly population in two districts in Telangana, India.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a cluster random sampling method to select the study clusters.SettingElderly population in Khammam and Warangal districts were recruited. Detailed interviews were conducted by trained community health workers. Personal and demographic information such as age, gender, level of education and a self-report of NCDs was collected. The Washington Disability Questionnaire was administered to assess the presence of disabilities.Participants1821 participants aged ≥60 years, 54.5% were women, and 73.3% had no education.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of disabilities and NCDs.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of at least disability was 20.3% (95% CI 16.3 to 24.9). The prevalence of self- reported disabilities were: seeing (5.9%; 95% CI 4.4 to 7.8), mobility (12.8%; 95% CI 9.7 to 16.8), hearing (3.6%; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.8), cognition (4.8%; 95% CI 3.5 to 6.7), self-care (3.3%; 95% CI 2.3 to 4.7) and communication (1.8%; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Overall, the prevalence of at least one NCD was 34.2% (95% CI 30.9 to 37.7). Hypertension was the most common systemic condition (25.4%; 95% CI 22.4 to 28.7), followed by diabetes (9.0%; 95% CI 7.3 to 11.0), and body pains (muscle-skeletal) (9.9%; 95% CI 8.1 to 12.2).ConclusionEvery fifth elderly person in the districts of Khammam and Warangal in Telangana had at least one self-reported disability. Besides, a third of the elderly had at least one NCD. There is a definite need to develop comprehensive public health strategies to address disabilities and NCDs in Telangana.

scholarly journals The prevalence of risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases in Afghan refugees in southern Iran: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erfan Taherifard ◽  
Mohammad Javad Moradian ◽  
Ehsan Taherifard ◽  
Abdolrasool Hemmati ◽  
Behnaz Rastegarfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Southern Iran

Abstract Background Refugees are highly vulnerable to many health-related risks. Monitoring non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is of overriding importance in these populations. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs amongst Afghan refugees in a refugee camp located in southern Iran. Methods This cross-sectional sturdy was conducted in 2018. Risk factors such as inadequate nutrition, physical inactivity, tobacco smoking, obesity and overweight, hypertension (HTN), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and dyslipidaemia were assessed. Data were gathered with a modified WHO STEPS procedure. Prevalence and age-standardized prevalence and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results The estimated prevalence were 94% for inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption, 18% for physical inactivity, 9% for tobacco smoking, 3% for FPG, 20% for HTN, 51% for central obesity, 24% for overweight, 19% for obesity, and 69% for dyslipidaemia. Conclusions Except for inadequate fruit and vegetable intake and dyslipidaemia, the prevalence of other NCD risk factors was low among Afghan refugees in Iran. Raising awareness about healthy diet and its importance and the provision of more affordable fruit and vegetables are two effective measures toward improving the health of refugees in Iran.

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