scholarly journals Adiponectin and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Groth
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has a prevalence of 5—8% in women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and associated comorbidities. Adiponectin is a circulating protein produced by adipocytes. Circulating levels of adiponectin are inversely related to adipocyte mass. Low levels occur with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity-related cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the literature on the link between adiponectin and PCOS and the potential use of adiponectin as a biomarker for PCOS. Method. Data-based studies on adiponectin and PCOS and adiponectin measurement were identified through the Medline (1950—2009) and ISI Web of Knowledge (1973—2009) databases. Results. Fifteen studies related to adiponectin and PCOS met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. These studies present evidence that adiponectin is linked to insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, body mass index (BMI), and adiposity. In women with PCOS, lower levels, as opposed to higher levels, of adiponectin occur in the absence of adiposity. Conclusion. The relationships between adiponectin and insulin resistance and sensitivity, metabolic syndrome, and BMI in women with PCOS suggest that adiponectin potentially could serve as a marker for disease risk and provide opportunity for earlier intervention if knowledge is successfully translated from laboratory to clinical practice. However, further study of the relationship between adiponectin and PCOS is required before there can be direct application to clinical practice.

scholarly journals A study of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome at tertiary care center

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2427
Author(s):  
Chelsae Kuntal ◽  
Jyotsna Vyas ◽  
Asha Chaudhary ◽  
Sunita Hemani ◽  
Lata Rajoria
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age with prevalence of 6-10% which is characterized by hyper androgenic features and chronic oligo – anovulation and polycystic ovary morphology. Most women with polycystic ovary syndrome are also characterized by metabolic abnormalities like insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity, these forming risk factors for metabolic syndrome. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical, biochemical and hormonal profile of polycystic ovary syndrome patients with and without metabolic syndrome.Methods: A comparative cross- sectional study was undertaken on 79 PCOS women diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria, in which the clinical data and hormonal profile of two groups of polycystic ovary syndrome women with and without metabolic syndrome was compared.Results: The mean age of 79 patients in this study group with and without metabolic syndrome was 26.17±3.18 and 25.57±3.41 years respectively. There were more patients from urban areas as compared to rural areas and maximum patients. Significantly higher number of PCOS women with metabolic syndrome had hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans than those without metabolic syndrome. Mean value of Waist circumference, systolic BP pressure, diastolic BP, S. Triglyceride and fasting glucose were higher and HDL levels were lower in women with metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher in PCOS women with metabolic syndrome in comparison to those without metabolic syndrome.Conclusion: PCOS is not only is the most frequent cause of anovulation, but it is also associated with characteristic metabolic disturbances that may have important implications for the long term health. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of endocrine disturbances, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension. It is associated with a two-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease and a five-fold increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This illustrates the importance of early detection of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with subsequent application of preventive measures in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

scholarly journals POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: PATHOGENESIS, TREATMENT AND SECONDARY ASSOCIATED DISEASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Soni ◽  
Shivali Singla ◽  
Sachin Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Androgen Synthesis

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and chronic anovulation along with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia as frequent metabolic traits (metabolic syndrome) that culminate in serious long-term consequences such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, endometrial hyperplasia, and coronary artery disease. It is one of the most common causes of anovulatory infertility. A complete understanding of the underlying Pathophysiology of PCOS is still lacking. Because of the heterogeneity of this disorder, there are most likely multiple underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Pathogenesis of PCOS is explaining as alteration in gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion results in increased luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. An alteration in insulin secretion and insulin action results in hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. A defect in androgen synthesis that results in increased ovarian androgen production.Treatment of PCOS include maintaining a normal endometrium, antagonizing the actions of androgens on target tissues, reducing insulin resistance (when present), and correcting anovulation. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk for several other health conditions as Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Heart Disease and High Blood Pressure (Cardiovascular Disease)  

Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezcan Mumusoglu ◽  
Bulent Okan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Women

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: reproductive aspects

2011 ◽  
pp. 1229-1234
Author(s):  
Sophie Catteau-Jonard ◽  
Cécile Gallo ◽  
Didier Didier
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulation and hyperandrogenism in women, affecting between 5 and 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide (1). Although this difficult topic in endocrine gynaecology is under extensive research, controversies still remain about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of PCOS. The PCOS phenotype can be structured in three components: manifestations of anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the metabolic syndrome (of which hyperinsulinaemia secondary to insulin resistance is the central abnormality). The latter two are addressed in other chapters. Our knowledge about the mechanism of disturbed folliculogenesis in PCOS that is responsible for its reproductive aspects has much increased these last years, thus opening new avenues for the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Case 11.1

2014 ◽  
pp. 531-532
Author(s):  
Christine U. Lee ◽  
James F. Glockner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Increased Risk

28-year-old woman with secondary amenorrhea and hirsutism Axial fat-suppressed 2D SSFP images (Figure 11.1.1) demonstrate multiple follicles arranged in the periphery of the ovaries bilaterally. Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting between 6% and 15%, depending on the criteria used for diagnosis. It typically presents with anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory menstrual cycles leading to oligomenorrhea, polycystic ovaries, and clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism. PCOS is also associated with increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and infertility....

scholarly journals Developmental origin of polycystic ovary syndrome - a hypothesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Abbott ◽  
DA Dumesic ◽  
S Franks
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Lh Secretion

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common but complex endocrine disorder and is a major cause of anovulation and consequent subfertility. It is also associated with a metabolic disturbance, characterized by hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance that carries an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. Despite its prevalence little is known about its aetiology, but there is increasing evidence for an important genetic involvement. On the basis of experimental observations in the prenatally androgenized sheep and rhesus monkey, and supported by data from human studies, we propose that the clinical and biochemical features of PCOS can arise as a consequence of genetically determined hypersecretion of androgens by the ovary during, or very likely long before, puberty. The resulting hyperandrogenism results in 'programming' of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit to favour excess LH secretion, and encourages preferential abdominal adiposity that predisposes to insulin resistance. The severity of hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance (which has a profound influence on the phenotype of PCOS) is further influenced by both genetic factors (such as polymorphism in the insulin gene regulatory region) and environmental factors, notably obesity. This hypothesis therefore suggests a unifying, 'linear' model to explain the aetiology of the heterogeneous phenotype.

scholarly journals Mechanisms Involved in Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Primary and Secondary Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Risk in the Adult Life of Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A741-A742
Author(s):  
Domingo Mugnolo ◽  
Erica Giraldo ◽  
Maria Perez Lana ◽  
Susana Beatriz Campeni
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders that affects between 5- 10% of women of reproductive age. It is currently considered a complex and multifactorial disease with metabolic, cardiovascular implications and represents per se an increased cancer risk. PATIENTS with PCOS routinely have menstrual disorders, hyperandrogenism, infertility and reproductive complications such as recurrent abortions, gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction, pregnancy induced hypertension that give rise to underweight newborns and condition metabolic diseases to adult life and increased risk of cancer, especially breast and endometrial cancer. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism are the most important etiopathogenic factors in PCOS. On the other hand, subjects exposed to an adverse microenvironment in the intrauterine stage develop compensating responses to survive, a process called fetal programming. Prenatal exposure to androgens and/or insulin resistance may act as fetal programming factors and cause restriction of intrauterine growth, obesity and insulin resistance in offspring. Newborn may have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, increased incidence of hypertensive, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Prevention of these complications will be achieved if women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome are treated appropriately throughout their lives, but especially before and during their pregnancy. Only in this way can the risk of them be reduced, representing a better quality and greater life expectancy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1929-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teimuraz Apridonidze ◽  
Paulina A. Essah ◽  
Maria J. Iuorno ◽  
John E. Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
General Population ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance also plays a role in the metabolic syndrome (MBS). We hypothesized that the MBS is prevalent in PCOS and that women with both conditions would present with more hyperandrogenism and menstrual cycle irregularity than women with PCOS only. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all women with PCOS seen over a 3-yr period at an endocrinology clinic. Of the 161 PCOS cases reviewed, 106 met the inclusion criteria. The women were divided into two groups: 1) women with PCOS and the MBS (n = 46); and 2) women with PCOS lacking the MBS (n = 60). Prevalence of the MBS was 43%, nearly 2-fold higher than that reported for age-matched women in the general population. Women with PCOS had persistently higher prevalence rates of the MBS than women in the general population, regardless of matched age and body mass index ranges. Acanthosis nigricans was more frequent in women with PCOS and the MBS. Women with PCOS and the MBS had significantly higher levels of serum free testosterone (P = 0.002) and lower levels of serum SHBG (P = 0.001) than women with PCOS without the MBS. No differences in total testosterone were observed between the groups. We conclude that the MBS and its components are common in women with PCOS, placing them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Women with PCOS and the MBS differ from their counterparts lacking the MBS in terms of increased hyperandrogenemia, lower serum SHBG, and higher prevalence of acanthosis nigricans, all features that may reflect more severe insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome: an integrating review

10.3823/2402 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ione Maria Ribeiro Soares Lopes ◽  
Caroliny Gonçalves Rodrigues Meireles ◽  
Iarlla Silva Ferreira ◽  
Nadya Dos Santos Moura ◽  
Francisca Diana Da Silva Negreiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Controversial Subject

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathyin women of reproductive age. It causes a metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. Vitamin D deficiency and its association with PCOS still represents a controversial subject in the literature. Objective: In this context, this study aimed to understand the association between polycystic ovary syndrome and vitamin D deficiency, and how it occurs. Method: It was an integrative review conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and CINAHL databases from August 2016 to January 2017, with a sample of 7 articles analyzed in their entirety. Results: The evidences according to the studies conducted and the conclusions they identified.  Conclusions: It was concluded that we cannot yet assume that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of PCOS, nor that the syndrome causes vitamin D deficiency, since the studies are controversial and there is a need for research with higher levels of evidence to clarify these doubts.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Nadine Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It affects 6% to 7% of the population and is characterized by hyperandrogenism and ovarian dysfunction. Women with the disorder often present with insulin resistance and obesity, making it importance for health care providers to monitor closely for signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Treatments are targeted toward improving insulin tolerance, reducing signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, anovulation, etc), restoring normal menstrual cycle function, and restoring fertility. Major treatment should include weight management through diet and exercise, regardless of body mass index and might include concurrent drug therapy. It is important that pharmacists understand the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and the available treatments, in addition to the importance of reducing risk of metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in these patients.

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