scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1929-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teimuraz Apridonidze ◽  
Paulina A. Essah ◽  
Maria J. Iuorno ◽  
John E. Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
General Population ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance also plays a role in the metabolic syndrome (MBS). We hypothesized that the MBS is prevalent in PCOS and that women with both conditions would present with more hyperandrogenism and menstrual cycle irregularity than women with PCOS only. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all women with PCOS seen over a 3-yr period at an endocrinology clinic. Of the 161 PCOS cases reviewed, 106 met the inclusion criteria. The women were divided into two groups: 1) women with PCOS and the MBS (n = 46); and 2) women with PCOS lacking the MBS (n = 60). Prevalence of the MBS was 43%, nearly 2-fold higher than that reported for age-matched women in the general population. Women with PCOS had persistently higher prevalence rates of the MBS than women in the general population, regardless of matched age and body mass index ranges. Acanthosis nigricans was more frequent in women with PCOS and the MBS. Women with PCOS and the MBS had significantly higher levels of serum free testosterone (P = 0.002) and lower levels of serum SHBG (P = 0.001) than women with PCOS without the MBS. No differences in total testosterone were observed between the groups. We conclude that the MBS and its components are common in women with PCOS, placing them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Women with PCOS and the MBS differ from their counterparts lacking the MBS in terms of increased hyperandrogenemia, lower serum SHBG, and higher prevalence of acanthosis nigricans, all features that may reflect more severe insulin resistance.

Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezcan Mumusoglu ◽  
Bulent Okan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Women

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: reproductive aspects

2011 ◽  
pp. 1229-1234
Author(s):  
Sophie Catteau-Jonard ◽  
Cécile Gallo ◽  
Didier Didier
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulation and hyperandrogenism in women, affecting between 5 and 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide (1). Although this difficult topic in endocrine gynaecology is under extensive research, controversies still remain about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of PCOS. The PCOS phenotype can be structured in three components: manifestations of anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the metabolic syndrome (of which hyperinsulinaemia secondary to insulin resistance is the central abnormality). The latter two are addressed in other chapters. Our knowledge about the mechanism of disturbed folliculogenesis in PCOS that is responsible for its reproductive aspects has much increased these last years, thus opening new avenues for the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Possible Chronobiotic-Cytoprotective Adjuvant Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Spinedi ◽  
Daniel P. Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a highly frequent reproductive-endocrine disorder affecting up to 8–10% of women worldwide at reproductive age. Although its etiology is not fully understood, evidence suggests that insulin resistance, with or without compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism are very common features of the polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype. Dysfunctional white adipose tissue has been identified as a major contributing factor for insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Environmental (e.g., chronodisruption) and genetic/epigenetic factors may also play relevant roles in syndrome development. Overweight and/or obesity are very common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, thus suggesting that some polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome female phenotypes share common characteristics. Sleep disturbances have been reported to double in women with PCOS and obstructive sleep apnea is a common feature in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Maturation of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion pattern in girls in puberty is closely related to changes in the sleep-wake cycle and could have relevance in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. This review article focuses on two main issues in the polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome phenotype development: (a) the impact of androgen excess on white adipose tissue function and (b) the possible efficacy of adjuvant melatonin therapy to improve the chronobiologic profile in polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome individuals. Genetic variants in melatonin receptor have been linked to increased risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome, to impairments in insulin secretion, and to increased fasting glucose levels. Melatonin therapy may protect against several metabolic syndrome comorbidities in polycystic ovary syndrome and could be applied from the initial phases of patients’ treatment.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in First-Degree Male Relatives of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Related to High Rates of Obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 4361-4366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea D. Coviello ◽  
Susan Sam ◽  
Richard S. Legro ◽  
Andrea Dunaif
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
General Population ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
High Prevalence

Context: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have twice the risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared to women from the general population. Mothers and sisters of affected women also have an increased prevalence of MetS. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of MetS in fathers and brothers of women with PCOS compared to men from the general population. Design and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study at academic medical centers. Participants: A total of 211 fathers and 58 brothers of women with PCOS were studied and compared to 1153 and 582 Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III) men of similar age and race/ethnicity, respectively. Main Outcome Measure: We measured MetS prevalence. Results: The prevalence of MetS was increased in fathers (42 vs. 32%; P = 0.006) and brothers (22 vs. 9%; P = 0.001) compared to NHANES III men. Fathers and brothers had higher body mass index (BMI) than NHANES III men (P < 0.0001). MetS rates were similar in fathers and brothers compared to NHANES III groups after adjusting for BMI. Total testosterone was inversely related to MetS in both fathers and brothers, but this relationship was also accounted for by the higher BMI in male relatives. Conclusion: Male relatives of women with PCOS had increased prevalence rates of MetS and obesity compared to the general U.S. male population from NHANES III. In contrast to women with PCOS and their female relatives, the higher prevalence of MetS in male relatives was accounted for by elevated BMI. These findings suggest that the high rates of MetS in male relatives of women with PCOS are related to higher rates of obesity than the general population. The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in first degree male relatives of women affected by PCOS compared to similar men in the NHANES III population is attributable to higher rates of obesity than the general population.

scholarly journals Mechanisms Involved in Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Primary and Secondary Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Risk in the Adult Life of Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A741-A742
Author(s):  
Domingo Mugnolo ◽  
Erica Giraldo ◽  
Maria Perez Lana ◽  
Susana Beatriz Campeni
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders that affects between 5- 10% of women of reproductive age. It is currently considered a complex and multifactorial disease with metabolic, cardiovascular implications and represents per se an increased cancer risk. PATIENTS with PCOS routinely have menstrual disorders, hyperandrogenism, infertility and reproductive complications such as recurrent abortions, gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction, pregnancy induced hypertension that give rise to underweight newborns and condition metabolic diseases to adult life and increased risk of cancer, especially breast and endometrial cancer. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism are the most important etiopathogenic factors in PCOS. On the other hand, subjects exposed to an adverse microenvironment in the intrauterine stage develop compensating responses to survive, a process called fetal programming. Prenatal exposure to androgens and/or insulin resistance may act as fetal programming factors and cause restriction of intrauterine growth, obesity and insulin resistance in offspring. Newborn may have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, increased incidence of hypertensive, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Prevention of these complications will be achieved if women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome are treated appropriately throughout their lives, but especially before and during their pregnancy. Only in this way can the risk of them be reduced, representing a better quality and greater life expectancy.

scholarly journals A study of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome at tertiary care center

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2427
Author(s):  
Chelsae Kuntal ◽  
Jyotsna Vyas ◽  
Asha Chaudhary ◽  
Sunita Hemani ◽  
Lata Rajoria
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age with prevalence of 6-10% which is characterized by hyper androgenic features and chronic oligo – anovulation and polycystic ovary morphology. Most women with polycystic ovary syndrome are also characterized by metabolic abnormalities like insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity, these forming risk factors for metabolic syndrome. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical, biochemical and hormonal profile of polycystic ovary syndrome patients with and without metabolic syndrome.Methods: A comparative cross- sectional study was undertaken on 79 PCOS women diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria, in which the clinical data and hormonal profile of two groups of polycystic ovary syndrome women with and without metabolic syndrome was compared.Results: The mean age of 79 patients in this study group with and without metabolic syndrome was 26.17±3.18 and 25.57±3.41 years respectively. There were more patients from urban areas as compared to rural areas and maximum patients. Significantly higher number of PCOS women with metabolic syndrome had hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans than those without metabolic syndrome. Mean value of Waist circumference, systolic BP pressure, diastolic BP, S. Triglyceride and fasting glucose were higher and HDL levels were lower in women with metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher in PCOS women with metabolic syndrome in comparison to those without metabolic syndrome.Conclusion: PCOS is not only is the most frequent cause of anovulation, but it is also associated with characteristic metabolic disturbances that may have important implications for the long term health. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of endocrine disturbances, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension. It is associated with a two-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease and a five-fold increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This illustrates the importance of early detection of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with subsequent application of preventive measures in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

scholarly journals Lower insulin sensitivity differentiates hirsute from non-hirsute Sicilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco C Amato ◽  
Aldo Galluzzo ◽  
Simona Merlino ◽  
Antonina Mattina ◽  
Pierina Richiusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Matsuda Index

Objective: It is well known that hyperandrogenism and insulin-resistance with or without compensatory hyperinsulinism are closely associated, but the Rotterdam Consensus has concluded that principally obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) should be evaluated for the metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to study insulin sensitivity in PCOS women with hirsutism regardless of obesity. Methods: Clinical characteristics, sex hormones and fasting- and after OGTT-glycemia and insulinemia, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA IR), and Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity were analyzed in 130 women with PCOS. Hirsutism has been evaluated through the Ferriman–Gallwey (FG) map scoring system. Results: PCOS women with hirsutism (57.7% of participants) showed significant higher values of total testosterone levels (P = 0.016), free testosterone (P = 0.027), DHEA sulfate (P = 0.017), and Δ4androstenedione (P = 0.018). They had similar body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.073) and were significantly less insulin sensitive (P = 0.002) than those without hirsutism (42.3% of participants). In women with PCOS and hirsutism, there was a significant correlation between FG score and insulin-sensitivity indexes (HOMA IR, ρ = 0.33, P = 0.005; Matsuda index, ρ = −0.34, P = 0.003) but not with the androgen levels. Moreover, women with hirsutism showed a significantly greater insulin (P = 0.019), C-peptide (P = 0.002), and glucose (P = 0.024) areas under the curve (auc2h). Conclusions: Our study suggests that the increased responsiveness of the pilo-sebaceous unit to androgens seems to be influenced by insulin sensitivity and that insulin resistance should be assessed in all hirsute women with PCOS regardless of their BMI, as insulin resistance was found in hirsute women irrespective of whether they were overweight or obese.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome... and vice versa

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Kandaraki ◽  
Charikleia Christakou ◽  
Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Endocrine Features

The metabolic syndrome (MS) and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) appear to be interrelated, although they are distinct entities. Women with PCOS appear to be commonly affected by MS, while women with MS may display reproductive or endocrine features of PCOS. These clinical observations appear to be only partly attributable to the association of both syndromes with obesity and imply a reciprocal pathophysiologic relationship between PCOS and MS with potentially significant clinical sequelae. Adult women with MS are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease; women with PCOS also appear to carry such an increased risk in their postmenopausal life. Conversely, women with MS may experience reproductive disturbances, reminiscent of PCOS, more commonly than their counterparts from the general population. This review presented the current epidemiology of MS in adults and adolescents with PCOS, as well as the limited amount of data on the prevalence of features of PCOS among women with MS or MS features. We also discuss the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the relationship between these interweaving, but distinct, syndromes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of metabolic risk markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin and body composition in hirsute PCOS patients and controls

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorte Glintborg ◽  
Marianne Andersen ◽  
Claus Hagen ◽  
Jan Frystyk ◽  
Veronica Hulstrøm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients are abdominally obese and are at increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome. Low adiponectin and ghrelin levels in PCOS patients could be caused by insulin resistance as well as high testosterone levels. Design: Adiponectin and ghrelin levels were evaluated in 51 hirsute PCOS patients referred to the outpatient clinic of an academic, tertiary care medical centre and in 63 weight-matched female controls. Relationships between adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, body composition, testosterone and insulin were examined. Methods: Measurements of body composition including waist-hip-ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI) and whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan measures of body fat mass. Measurements of fasting levels of adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, androgen status, oestradiol, lipid variables and insulin during follicular phase. Results: Adiponectin levels were significantly decreased in obese PCOS patients compared with weight-matched controls (geometric mean (−2 to 2 s.d.) 5.3 (2.5–11.1) vs 7.3 (3.0–17.4) mg/l, P<0.05). Mean ghrelin was significantly lower in hirsute PCOS patients than in controls (0.6 (0.3 to 1.4) vs 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) μg/l, P<0.001) and this remained significant after subdividing subjects according to waist circumference and BMI. During multiple regression analysis, testosterone correlated positively with adiponectin and negatively with ghrelin independent of BMI, WHR and total fat mass. Conclusion: Obese hirsute PCOS patients demonstrated significantly lower adiponectin levels than weight-matched controls suggesting a very high risk for the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, ghrelin levels were decreased in hirsute PCOS patients and showed a significant, negative correlation with testosterone independent of body composition.

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