scholarly journals How to Discriminate Lung Cancer From Benign Pulmonary Nodules and Masses? Usefulness of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Inside/Wall Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117955492110148
Author(s):  
Katsuo Usuda ◽  
Shun Iwai ◽  
Aika Yamagata ◽  
Yoshihito Iijima ◽  
Nozomu Motono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inside Wall

Background: Although diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is useful for differential diagnosis between lung cancers and benign pulmonary nodules and masses (BPNMs), it is difficult to differentiate pulmonary abscesses from lung cancers because pulmonary abscesses show restricted diffusion. With this research we will present how to assess the total apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and inside/wall ADC ratio for these pulmonary nodules and masses (PNMs). Methods: The pulmonary lesions were divided into next 3 groups. There were 40 lung cancers, 41 inflammatory benign PNMs (mycobacteria disease 13, pneumonia 12, pulmonary abscess 10, other 6) and 7 noninflammatory benign PNMs. Definitions were as follows: wall ADC = ADC value in outer one-third of the lesion; inside ADC = ADC value in central two-thirds of the lesion: inside/wall ADC ratio = ratio of inside ADC/wall ADC. Results: Mean total ADC (1.26 ± 0.32 × 10−3 mm2/s) of the lung cancers was remarkably lower than that (1.53 ± 0.53) of the BPNMs. The mean total ADC values were 1.26 ± 0.32 in lung cancer, 1.45 ± 0.47 in inflammatory BPNM and 2.04 ± 0.63 in noninflammatory BPNM, and there were significant differences among them. The mean inside ADC value (1.33 ± 0.32) of the lung cancers was remarkably higher than that (0.94 ± 0.42) of the pulmonary abscesses. The mean inside/wall ADC ratio (1.20 ± 0.28) of the lung cancers was remarkably higher than that (0.74 ± 0.14) of the pulmonary abscesses. Conclusions: Although ADC of DWI could differentiate lung cancer from BPNM, the inside/wall ADC ratio of DWI is efficient for differentiation between lung cancer and lung abscess. The inside/wall ADC ratio of DWI strengthens a weak point of DWI.

scholarly journals Combination Assessment of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and T2-Weighted Imaging Is Acceptable for the Differential Diagnosis of Lung Cancer from Benign Pulmonary Nodules and Masses

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
Katsuo Usuda ◽  
Masahito Ishikawa ◽  
Shun Iwai ◽  
Yoshihito Iijima ◽  
Nozomu Motono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the combination assessment of DWI and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) improves the diagnostic ability for differential diagnosis of lung cancer from benign pulmonary nodules and masses (BPNMs). The optimal cut-off value (OCV) for differential diagnosis was set at 1.470 × 10−3 mm2/s for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and at 2.45 for T2 contrast ratio (T2 CR). The ADC (1.24 ± 0.29 × 10−3 mm2/s) of lung cancer was significantly lower than that (1.69 ± 0.58 × 10−3 mm2/s) of BPNM. The T2 CR (2.01 ± 0.52) of lung cancer was significantly lower than that (2.74 ± 1.02) of BPNM. As using the OCV for ADC, the sensitivity was 83.9% (220/262), the specificity 63.4% (33/52), and the accuracy 80.6% (253/314). As using the OCV for T2 CR, the sensitivity was 89.7% (235/262), the specificity 61.5% (32/52), and the accuracy 85.0% (267/314). In 212 PNMs which were judged to be malignant by both DWI and T2WI, 203 PNMs (95.8%) were lung cancers. In 33 PNMs which were judged to be benign by both DWI and T2WI, 23 PNMs (69.7%) were BPNMs. The combined assessment of DWI and T2WI could judge PNMs more precisely and would be acceptable for differential diagnosis of PNMs.

scholarly journals Evaluating Spinal Canal Lesions Using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Maps with Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohito Kanamoto ◽  
Masaki Norimoto ◽  
Yawara Eguchi ◽  
Yasuhiro Oikawa ◽  
Sumihisa Orita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Decompression Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

Study Design: Observational study.Purpose: To evaluate healthy volunteers and patients with spinal canal lesions using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps with diffusion-weighted imaging.Overview of Literature: Decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is selected on the basis of subjective assessment and cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there is no objective standard for this procedure.Methods: We performed 3T MRI in 10 healthy volunteers and 13 patients with LSS. The ADC values in the spinal canal were evaluated at 46 vertebrae (L4/5 and L5/S1 for each participant), and the reduced and conventional fields of view were compared.Results: The ADC values were 2.72±0.12 at L4/5 in healthy volunteers, 2.76±0.19 at L5/S1 in healthy volunteers, 1.77±0.58 at L4/5 in patients with LSS, and 2.35±0.29 at L5/S1 in patients with LSS. The ADC value at L4/5 in patients with LSS was significantly lower than that at L5/S1 in patients with LSS and that at L4/5 and L5/S1 in healthy volunteers (<i>p</i> <0.05). With an ADC cutoff value of 2.46 to identify LSS, this approach provided an area under the curve of 0.81, sensitivity of 0.92, and specificity of 0.76 (<i>p</i> <0.05).Conclusions: Preoperative examination using ADC maps permits visualization and quantification of spinal canal lesions, thus proving the utility of ADC maps in the selection of decompression surgery for LSS.

scholarly journals Measurement of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) Values of Ependymoma and Medulloblastoma Tumors: a Patient-based Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Taheri ◽  
M B Tavakoli
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Images ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: aimed to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of two different cerebellar pediatric tumors, including ependymoma and medulloblastoma which have shown similar clinical images in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods.Material and Methods: Thirty six pediatric patients who were suspected to have the mentioned tumors according to their CT image findings were included in this study. The patients were subjected to conventional MRI protocols followed by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and ADC values of the tumors were calculated automatically using MRI scanner software.Results: The mean (± SD) ADC value for ependymoma (1.2± 0.06 ×10-3 mm2/s) was significantly higher than medulloblastoma (0.87 ± 0.02 ×10-3 mm2/s) (p = 0.041). Moreover, the maximum ADC value of ependymoma was considerably different in comparison with medulloblastoma (1.4 ×10-3 mm2/s and 0.96×10-3 mm2/s, respectively; p = 0.035) Furthermore, the minimum ADC value of ependymoma was higher compared to medulloblastoma (1.0 ×10-3 mm2/s and 0.61×10-3 mm2/s, respectively), but it was not significant (p = 0.067).Conclusion: Evaluation of ADC values for ependymoma and medulloblastoma is a reliable method to differentiate these two malignancies. This is due to different ADC values reflected during the evaluation.

scholarly journals Role of Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Characterization of Posterior Fossa Tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Lubna Ali Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Solid Tumor ◽  
Posterior Fossa Tumors ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Conventional  MR imaging is essential for diagnosis and evaluation of the posterior fossa tumors  Objectives: To assess the value of diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient in making distinction between different histological types of posterior fossa tumors. Type of the study: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Brain MRI and DWI assessed 19 patients (12 female and 7 male) with MRI diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors. absolute ADC values of contrast -enhancing solid tumor region and ADC ratio of solid tumor to ADC of normal -appearing deep White matter were compared with histological diagnosis postoperatively .The mean ADC value and ratio were determined by using a 2-tailed T test. Results: In eight of  medulloblastoma ,The mean  ADC value was 0.67±0.14x 10-3 mm 2/s  and  ratio 0.86±0.19  ,   ependymoma (n=3), ADC value 1.09 ±0.14 x10 -3 mm 2 /s and ratio 1,43±0.13   ,  pilocytic astrocytoma (n=4) ADC value 1,72 ±0.27x10 -3 mm2/s and ratio 2.19±0.4, brainstem glioma (n=2) with ADC value1.18±0.06 x10-3mm2/s and ratio 1.64±0.08 , haemangioblastoma  (n=1) with ADC value1.46x10-1mm2/s and ratio 1.87 , and meningioma with ADC value 0.72x10-3mm2/s and ratio 0.85. ADC values were higher in JPA than in ependymomas and medulloblastoma (P value <o,o5).ADC ratio were also  statistically significant difference among these three tumors type . Conclusion: calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient value in the solid enhancing portion of tumor   seems to be reliable for  differentiate between  medulloblastoma at one end and , juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA) and ependymoma at other end as the former has ADC of < 1 while other tumors have ADC value of >1.

scholarly journals Role of diffusion weighted MR imaging in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K A A Sabry ◽  
O F Kamel ◽  
A Y Ahmed ◽  
H M Abuzeid
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract Purpose to assess the role of Diffusion-weighted MRI in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis by measure the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values detected by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in acute pancreatitis and compare them with the control group Methods and Material sixteen patients with acute pancreatitis and sixteen normal controls underwent DWI with b values (0,200 & 800). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps are generated from DWI and ADC values were calculated for pancreas and compared the results between the two groups Results The mean pancreatic ADC in the AP group (1.17 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s ± 0.2) was significantly lower than in the normal group (1.6 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s ± 0.32). There was no significant difference in mean ADCs between each of the pancreatic segments in the controls. A threshold ADC value of 1.38 × 10-3 mm(2)/s yielded a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 87% for detecting acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic ADCs are significantly lower in patients with AP than normal controls. Conclusion MR diffusion imaging could be an important supportive tool in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

scholarly journals Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Breast in Women with a History of Mantle Radiation: Does Radiation Alter Apparent Diffusion Coefficient?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Punam Bajaj ◽  
Chiara Iacconi ◽  
David D Dershaw ◽  
Elizabeth A Morris
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective Fibrosis from chest irradiation could lower the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of breast tissue. ADC values of normal breast tissue in high-risk women who underwent mantle radiation before age 30 years were compared with a screening control group matched for breast fibroglandular tissue (FGT). Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed 21 women with a history of mantle radiation who underwent breast MRI examinations between 2008 and 2013, and 20 nonirradiated patients (control group) imaged during the same period with matching FGT and similar age. The women were dichotomized into low FGT (10/20, 50%) and high-FGT (10/20, 50%) groups, based on BI-RADS descriptors. All MRI examinations included diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (b = 0, 1000); ADC maps were generated and evaluated on PACS workstations by two radiologists in agreement. Region of interest markers were placed on ADC maps in visualized breast tissue in the retroareolar region of each breast. The ADC value was averaged for the right and left breast in each patient included in the study. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the ADC values in the irradiated patients and the matched control patients. Results The median breast ADC was lower in the irradiated group (1.32 × 10-3mm2/sec) than in the control group (1.62 × 10-3mm2/sec; P = 0.0089). Low FGT in the irradiated group had a lower median ADC (1.25 × 10-3mm2/sec) than it did in the control group (1.53 × 10-3mm2/sec). Irradiated high-FGT breasts had a median ADC (1.52 × 10-3mm2/sec), as compared with nonirradiated control patients with high FGT (1.82 × 10-3mm2/sec). Conclusion Previously irradiated breasts have lower ADC values than do nonirradiated breasts.

Decreased apparent diffusion coefficient in the pituitary and correlation with hypopituitarism in patients with traumatic brain injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Yijun Guo ◽  
Jingsong Zeng ◽  
Wusong Tong
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

OBJECT The relationship between microstructural abnormality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hormone-secreting status remains unknown. In this study, the authors aimed to identify the role of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using a diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique and to evaluate the association of such changes with hypopituitarism in patients with TBI. METHODS Diffusion-weighted images were obtained in 164 consecutive patients with TBI within 2 weeks after injury to generate the pituitary ADC as a measure of microstructural change. Patients with TBI were further grouped into those with and those without hypopituitarism based on the secretion status of pituitary hormones at 6 months postinjury. Thirty healthy individuals were enrolled in the study and underwent MRI examinations for comparison. Mean ADC values were compared between this control group, the patients with TBI and hypopituitarism, and the patients with TBI without hypopituitarism; correlational studies were also performed. Neurological outcome was assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) for all TBI patients 6 months postinjury. RESULTS In the TBI group, 84 patients had hypopituitarism and 80 had normal pituitary function. The pituitary ADC in TBI patients was significantly less than that in controls (1.83 ± 0.16 vs 4.13 ± 0.33, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the mean ADC was much lower in TBI patients with hypopituitarism than in those without pituitary dysfunction (1.32 ± 0.09 vs 2.28 ± 0.17, p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in ADC values between patients with hyperprolactinemia and those with normal prolactin levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the pituitary ADC could predict hypopituitarism with a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 90.1% at the level of 1.720 (ADC value). Finally, the ADC value was positively correlated with neurological outcome at 6 months following TBI (r = 0.602, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Use of DWI demonstrated that the pituitary ADC is correlated with hormone-secreting status in TBI patients. The authors suggest that pituitary ADC may be a useful biomarker to predict pituitary function in patients with TBI.

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