The Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis and Its Relationship to Emollients

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Lynde ◽  
Anneke Andriessen ◽  
Vince Bertucci ◽  
Catherine McCuaig ◽  
Sandy Skotnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Atopic Skin ◽  
Clinical Dermatology

Background: Human-associated bacterial communities on the skin, skin microbiome, likely play a central role in development of immunity and protection from pathogens. In atopic patients, the skin bacterial diversity is smaller than in healthy subjects. Objective: To review treatment strategies for atopic dermatitis in Canada, taking the skin microbiome concept into account. Methods: An expert panel of 8 Canadian dermatologists explored the role of skin microbiome in clinical dermatology, specifically looking at atopic dermatitis. Results: The panel reached consensus on the following: (1) In atopic patients, the skin microbiome of lesional atopic skin is different from nonlesional skin in adjacent areas. (2) Worsening atopic dermatitis and smaller bacterial diversity are strongly associated. (3) Application of emollients containing antioxidant and antibacterial components may increase microbiome diversity in atopic skin. Conclusion: The skin microbiome may be the next frontier in preventive health and may impact the approach to atopic dermatitis treatment.

scholarly journals The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruaki Nakatsuji ◽  
Richard L. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Microbiome

scholarly journals Genetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Atopic Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Nedoszytko ◽  
Edyta Reszka ◽  
Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak ◽  
Magdalena Trzeciak ◽  
Magdalena Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous disease, in which the pathogenesis is associated with mutations in genes encoding epidermal structural proteins, barrier enzymes, and their inhibitors; the role of genes regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and environmental factors inducing the disease is also noted. Recent studies point to the key role of epigenetic changes in the development of the disease. Epigenetic modifications are mainly mediated by DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and the action of specific non-coding RNAs. It has been documented that the profile of epigenetic changes in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) differs from that observed in healthy people. This applies to the genes affecting the regulation of immune response and inflammatory processes, e.g., both affecting Th1 bias and promoting Th2 responses and the genes of innate immunity, as well as those encoding the structural proteins of the epidermis. Understanding of the epigenetic alterations is therefore pivotal to both create new molecular classifications of atopic dermatitis and to enable the development of personalized treatment strategies.

scholarly journals The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 1272-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Bjerre ◽  
J. Bandier ◽  
L. Skov ◽  
L. Engstrand ◽  
J.D. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Microbiome

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bacterial Diversity and Quality Features of Traditional Sichuan Bacon from Different Geographical Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9738
Author(s):  
Song Wang ◽  
Xingjie Wang ◽  
Wanshu Pan ◽  
Aiping Liu ◽  
Shuliang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Shared Otus ◽  
Nitrite Content

Sichuan bacon is one of the most popular types of Chinese bacon in the domestic market. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial diversity of 39 Sichuan bacon samples collected from 3 geographical regions. The results showed that the bacterial diversity of Sichuan bacon in different regions demonstrated certain specificity as well as similarity, and the shared OTUs were close to 81% of the total number in the basin group, mountain group, and plateau group. At the genus level, Staphylococcus is the most dominant genus among the three groups, covering 26.7%, 20.6%, and 22.7%, respectively. Beta diversity shows significant differences in bacterial compositions in different geographic regions, especially for Pseudomonas, Brochothrix, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Enterococcus. Meanwhile, some physicochemical characteristics were analyzed, and a significant difference (p < 0.05) among the three regions was shown in the Aw, pH, and nitrite content, which were significantly correlated with undesired bacteria. This study provides insights into the understanding of the role of bacterial communities in the microbial safety and quality improvement of Sichuan bacon.

Skin microbiomein adult atopic dermatitis

2018 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
О.В. Кандалова ◽  
И.В. Елистратова ◽  
О.Б. Иванченко ◽  
А.В. Гречко ◽  
С.Г. Морозов
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity

Данный миниобзор посвящен изучению роли микробиома кожи и, в частности, роли стафилококков в обострении атопического дерматита у взрослых людей. Были проанализированы предпосылки бактериальной контаминации кожи и роль факторов внешней среды. Представлены данные по влиянию S. aureaus на разные звенья природного и адаптивного иммунитета за счет синтеза специфических регуляторных белков, протеолитических ферментов и гидролаз. Обозначены некоторые направления борьбы с бактериальной инфекцией для предупреждения обострения атопического дерматита у взрослых. In this mini review we have analyzed the role of skin microbiome in the atopic dermatitis relapse in adults, in particular, a role of S. aureaus in this process. The background for the skin bacterial contamination under the influence of environmental factors has been analyzed. We reviewed some S. aureaus effects on the components of innate and adaptive immunity due to the secretion of specific regulatory proteins, a number of proteolytic enzymes, and some hydrolases. There were indicated some ways to eliminate the bacterial infection to prevent the atopic dermatitis relapse in adults

scholarly journals Seasonal and ontogenetic variation of skin microbial communities and relationships to natural disease dynamics in declining amphibians

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 140377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana V. Longo ◽  
Anna E. Savage ◽  
Ian Hewson ◽  
Kelly R. Zamudio
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Bacteria

Recently, microbiologists have focused on characterizing the probiotic role of skin bacteria for amphibians threatened by the fungal disease chytridiomycosis. However, the specific characteristics of microbial diversity required to maintain health or trigger disease are still not well understood in natural populations. We hypothesized that seasonal and developmental transitions affecting susceptibility to chytridiomycosis could also alter the stability of microbial assemblages. To test our hypothesis, we examined patterns of skin bacterial diversity in two species of declining amphibians ( Lithobates yavapaiensis and Eleutherodactylus coqui ) affected by the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ). We focused on two important transitions that affect Bd susceptibility: ontogenetic (from juvenile to adult) shifts in E. coqui and seasonal (from summer to winter) shifts in  L. yavapaiensis . We used a combination of community-fingerprinting analyses and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to quantify changes in bacterial diversity and assemblage composition between seasons and developmental stages, and to investigate the relationship between bacterial diversity and pathogen load. We found that winter-sampled frogs and juveniles, two states associated with increased Bd susceptibility, exhibited higher diversity compared with summer-sampled frogs and adult individuals. Our findings also revealed that hosts harbouring higher bacterial diversity carried lower Bd infections, providing support for the protective role of bacterial communities. Ongoing work to understand skin microbiome resilience after pathogen disturbance has the potential to identify key taxa involved in disease resistance.

scholarly journals Role of Cathelicidin (Ll-37) and Human Β-Defensin In Atopic Dermatitis And Psoriasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Febrina Andarini ◽  
Nopriyati ◽  
Sarah Diba
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Atopic Skin ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

The Human epithelium, including the epidermis produces antimicrobial peptide (AMP)as part of innate immunity. Cathelicidin and human β-defensins are the most AMPfound on the skin. This antimicrobial peptide has a role in the response of the naturalimmune system by becoming the front line of the defense system against infection. Thediscussion of this literature review will focus on cathelicidin and human β-defensin-1which are the main AMPs that affect atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Antimicrobialpeptides are excessively produced in lesional psoriatic scales or rosacea in contrast tothe atopic skin that shows lower AMP levels when compared with psoriasis. Despitethe impaired skin barrier which facilitates potentially pathogenic microbes to colonizethe epidermis, patients with psoriasis surprisingly present a low frequency of skininfections, whereas patients with atopic dermatitis are predominantly susceptible toparticular cutaneous bacterial, fungal and viral infections. One possible explanation ofthe fact is the difference in the expression of AMPs. DA patients have fewer AMPexpression characteristics, especially cathelicidins LL-37 and HBD-2. Research onantimicrobial use can help reduce pathogen colonization so that clinical improvementof AD occurs. In the case of psoriasis, AMP expression increases, especially LL-37 andHBD-2, showing synergistic antimicrobial activity that is effective in eradicatingmicrobial colonization, so there is no strong evidence to support antibiotic use intreating psoriasis or in preventing disease.

The role of skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
László Hunor Gergely ◽  
◽  
Miklós Sárdy ◽  
Noémi Muhalik
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Microbiome
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