Long term azathioprine fails to prevent onset of multiple sclerosis: report of two cases

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Constantinescu ◽  
A Whiteley ◽  
L D Blumhardt
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Definite Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinically Definite Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We report two patients who developed the first manifestations of clinically definite multiple sclerosis while on long term (3.5 and 10 years, respectively) treatment with azathioprine for Crohn's disease. Both patients developed the first MS symptoms during a quiescent phase of their inflammatory bowel disease. These cases show that long term azathioprine, while possibly maintaining inflammatory bowel disease under control, could not prevent the onset of MS.

scholarly journals Effects of Anti-Cytokine Antibodies on Gut Barrier Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Seul A. Lee ◽  
Stephen M. Riordan ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Lixin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Anti-cytokine antibodies are used in treating chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatic diseases. Patients with these diseases often have a compromised gut barrier function, suggesting that anti-cytokine antibodies may contribute to the re-establishment of gut barrier integrity, in addition to their immunomodulatory effects. This paper reviews the effects of anti-cytokine antibodies on gut barrier function and their mechanisms.

scholarly journals The protein C pathway in tissue inflammation and injury: pathogenic role and therapeutic implications

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Danese ◽  
Stefania Vetrano ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Victoria A. Poplis ◽  
Francis J. Castellino
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Cellular Components

Abstract Inflammation and coagulation are closely linked interdependent processes. Under physiologic conditions, the tissue microcirculation functions in anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory fashions. However, when inflammation occurs, coagulation is also set in motion and actively participates in enhancing inflammation. Recently, novel and unexpected roles of hemostasis in the humoral and cellular components of innate immunity have been described. In particular, the protein C system, besides its well-recognized role in anticoagulation, plays a crucial role in inflammation. Indeed, the protein C system is now emerging as a novel participant in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, and lung and heart inflammation, and may emerge as unexpected therapeutic targets for intervention.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Preventive Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana-Maria Bunu ◽  
Cristian-Eugen Timofte ◽  
Manuela Ciocoiu ◽  
Mariana Floria ◽  
Claudia-Cristina Tarniceriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Maintenance Of Remission

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of chronic inflammatory diseases that targets mainly the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical presentation of IBD includes both gastrointestinal manifestations and extraintestinal manifestations (EIM). The reported cardiovascular manifestations in IBD patients include pericarditis, myocarditis, venous and arterial thromboembolism, arrhythmias, atrioventricular block, heart failure, endocarditis, valvulopathies, and Takayasu arteritis. The aim of this article is to review the available literature about the possible pathogenic mechanisms and determine preventive measures capable of reducing the incidence and severity of the cardiovascular manifestations. In IBD patients, the incidence of cardiovascular manifestations is low, but higher than that in the general population. Therefore, clinicians should pay attention to any new modification that might indicate cardiovascular involvement in IBD patients, and they should consider chronic inflammatory diseases in patients with cardiac conditions without an evident cause. Considering the role of inflammation in the development of cardiovascular manifestations, the management should include prevention of flares and maintenance of remission for as long as possible. Preventive measures should also include active screening and strict control of the cardiovascular risk factors in all IBD patients.

scholarly journals New Perspectives in the Study of Intestinal Inflammation: Focus on the Resolution of Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2605
Author(s):  
Miguel Camba-Gómez ◽  
Oreste Gualillo ◽  
Javier Conde-Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Tissue Trauma

Inflammation is an essential physiological process that is directed to the protection of the organism against invading pathogens or tissue trauma. Most of the existing knowledge related to inflammation is focused on the factors and mechanisms that drive the induction phase of this process. However, since the recognition that the resolution of the inflammation is an active and tightly regulated process, increasing evidence has shown the relevance of this process for the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. For that reason, with this review, we aimed to summarize the most recent and interesting information related to the resolution process in the context of intestinal inflammation. We discussed the advances in the understanding of the pro-resolution at intestine level, as well as the new mediators with pro-resolutive actions that could be interesting from a therapeutic point of view.

Inflammatory bowel disease and the heart

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1125-1128
Author(s):  
Christian M. Matter ◽  
Stephan Winnik ◽  
Gerhard Rogler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Inflammatory bowel disease comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestinal tract. Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a disturbed intestinal homeostasis caused, at least partially, by an impaired intestinal barrier function associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and decreased immune tolerance against the commensal bacteria. These changes result in an exaggerated response of initially mucosal innate and, later on, adaptive immune cells against bacteria and bacterial products. Eventually, these events may lead to chronification of an inflammatory response both locally in the intestinal tract, but also systemically which facilitates atherogenesis. Inflammatory bowel disease leads to premature atherosclerosis, early endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and enhanced thrombosis. Interestingly, the altered gut microbiome, typical of inflammatory bowel disease, affects diseases such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and type 2 diabetes—which, in turn, are central risk factors for atherosclerosis. Inflammatory bowel disease is also associated with other chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, and sclerosing cholangitis. Thus, the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other chronic inflammatory disorders should encompass tight control of cardiovascular risk factors. For the future, a better understanding of genes, triggers, intestinal microbiota, and the immune system will improve diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and preventive approaches for both inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis. For this purpose, modern screening tools using systems biology approaches offer attractive opportunities. Such a personalized approach to diagnostics will allow more targeted therapies, thereby improving our management of many chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis.

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