Are Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Epstein–Barr virus triggers of multiple sclerosis in Sardinia?

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Cossu ◽  
Speranza Masala ◽  
Eleonora Cocco ◽  
Daniela Paccagnini ◽  
Jessica Frau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Protein Map ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Sardinia acts as an ideal setting for multiple sclerosis (MS) studies because its prevalence of MS is one of the highest worldwide. Several pathogens have been investigated amongst 119 Sardinian MS patients and 117 healthy controls to determine whether they might have a role in triggering MS in genetically predisposed individuals. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Epstein Barr virus DNA were detected in 27.5% and 17.3%, respectively, of the MS patients. Moreover an extremely high humoral immune response against MAP recombinant protein MAP FprB (homologous to human myelin P0) was observed, whereas no significant results were found against Mycobacterium tuberculosis FprA and Helicobacter pylori HP986 protein.

Human interferon regulatory factor 5 homologous epitopes of Epstein-Barr virus and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis induce a specific humoral and cellular immune response in multiple sclerosis patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 984-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Cossu ◽  
Giuseppe Mameli ◽  
Grazia Galleri ◽  
Eleonora Cocco ◽  
Speranza Masala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Interferon Regulatory Factor ◽  
Human Interferon ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Background: A large number of reports indicate the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To gain a better understanding of the role of these two pathogens, we investigated the host response induced by selected antigenic peptides. Methods: We examined both humoral and cell-mediated responses against peptides deriving from EBV tegument protein BOLF1, the MAP_4027 and the human interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5424–434) homolog in several MS patients and healthy controls (HCs). Results: Antibodies against these peptides were highly prevalent in MS patients compared to HCs. Concerning MS patients, BOLF1305–320, MAP_402718–32 and IRF5424–434 peptides were able to induce mainly Th1-related cytokines secretion, whereas Th2-related cytokines were down-regulated. Flow cytometry analyses performed on a subset of MS patients highlighted that these peptides were capable of inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines: IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and IL-6 and TNF-α by CD14+ monocyte cells. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that both EBV and MAP epitopes elicit a consistent humoral response in MS patients compared to HCs, and that the aforementioned peptides are able to induce a T-cell-mediated response that is MS correlated.

scholarly journals Association between Antibody Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoproteins, Neutralization of Infectivity, and the Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Ying Zhu ◽  
Xiang-Wei Kong ◽  
Cong Sun ◽  
Shang-Hang Xie ◽  
Allan Hildesheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the major cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the value of the humoral immune response to EBV glycoproteins and NPC development remains unclear. Correlation between antiglycoprotein antibody levels, neutralization of EBV infectivity, and the risk of NPC requires systematic study. Here, we applied a cytometry-based method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure neutralization of infectivity and antibody response to EBV glycoproteins (gH/gL, gB, gp350, and gp42) of plasma samples from 20 NPC cases and 20 high-risk and 20 low-risk healthy controls nested within a screening cohort in Sihui, southern China. We found that NPC cases have similar plasma neutralizing activity in both B cells and epithelial cells and EBV glycoprotein-specific IgA and IgG antibody levels compared with those of healthy controls. Significant correlations were observed between gH/gL IgG and gB IgG and the neutralizing ability against EBV infection of epithelial cells and B cells. These results indicate that a high level of glycoprotein antibodies may favor protection against primary EBV infection, instead of being low-risk biomarkers for NPC in long-term EBV-infected adults. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the humoral immune response to EBV infection and NPC development, providing valuable leads for future research that is important for prevention and treatment of EBV-related diseases. IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human oncogenic gammaherpesvirus that infects over 90% of humans in the world and is causally associated with a spectrum of epithelial and B-cell malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A prophylactic vaccine against EBV is called for, but no approved vaccine is available yet. Therefore, EBV remains a major public health concern. To facilitate novel vaccines and therapeutics for NPC, it is of great importance to explore the impact of humoral immune response to EBV glycoproteins before the development of NPC. Therefore, in this study, we systematically assessed the correlation between antiglycoprotein antibody levels, neutralization of EBV infectivity, and the risk of NPC development. These results provide valuable information that will contribute to designing effective prevention and treatment strategies for EBV-related diseases such as NPC.

Relation between Epstein-Barr virus infection and Multiple Sclerosis

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Yassin Abdul-Ghaffar ◽  
Dalia Youssef Samaha ◽  
Nancy Samir Wahba ◽  
Ahmed Essam Ali Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune mediated inflammatory disease that attacks myelinated axons in the central nervous system (CNS), destroying the myelin and the axon in variable degrees. The aetiology and pathogenesis of MS is complex and multifactorial, involving many interlacing mechanisms. Many theories had considered viral infections as a possible cause of MS. One of these viruses is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpes virus belonging to the family herpesviridae. There is obvious similarity between EBV and MS regarding their epidemiological pictures, and it was observed that most MS patients had a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM) a few years before onset. The relation between EBV and MS may give hope for development of biomarkers for prediction of disease development, early diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, curing or even preventing MS through an anti EBV vaccine or antiviral therapies. Objectives This study aims to analyze the association between EBV infection and multiple sclerosis. Subjects and Methods This is a case control study carried in the MS outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period from April 2019 till November 2019. Subjects included in this study were classified into two groups. The first group included 30 patients diagnosed as having MS, on the basis of their MRI finding, clinical presentation and according to revised Mc Donald criteria 2017. The patient group included 11 males and 19 females, their age ranged from 18 to 48 years. The second group included 30 age and sex matched healthy controls without any neurological or medical diseases. The control group included 11 males and 19 females, their age ranged from 18 to 48 years. Both groups were tested quantitatively for immunoglobulin G against Epstein Barr viral capsid antigen (VCA) using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA). Results All patients with MS (100%) were positive for EBV VCA IgG, whereas (93.33%) of controls were positive. In the MS group, the EBV VCA IgG mean level was (161± 66.32) U/ml compared with (78.53±47.63) U/ml in controls. The difference in serum level of EBV VCA IgG between both groups was statistically highly significant (P = < 0.001). Conclusion There were higher levels of EBV VCA IgG in the serum of MS patients compared to healthy controls. This finding postulates a relation between EBV infection and MS and its role in the pathogenesis of MS.

Frequency analysis of HLA-B7-restricted Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls

2006 ◽  
Vol 180 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Gronen ◽  
Klemens Ruprecht ◽  
Benedikt Weissbrich ◽  
Erdwine Klinker ◽  
Antje Kroner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr
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