Sun exposure and multiple sclerosis risk in Norway and Italy: The EnvIMS study

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1042-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjetil Bjørnevik ◽  
Trond Riise ◽  
Ilaria Casetta ◽  
Jelena Drulovic ◽  
Enrico Granieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Red Hair ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Risk ◽  
Sunscreen Use ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to estimate the association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and measures of sun exposure in specific age periods in Norway and Italy. Methods: A total of 1660 MS patients and 3050 controls from Italy and Norway who participated in a multinational case-control study (EnvIMS) reported sun habits during childhood and adolescence. Results: A significant association between infrequent summer outdoor activity and increased MS risk was found in Norway and in Italy. The association was strongest between the ages of 16 and 18 years in Norway (odds ratio (OR) 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–2.59), and between birth and age 5 years in Italy (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.16–2.10). In Italy a significant association was also found during winter (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03–1.97). Frequent sunscreen use between birth and the age of 6 years was associated with MS in Norway (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08–1.93) after adjusting for outdoor activity during the same period. Red hair (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.06–2.63) and blonde hair (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.09–1.70) were associated with MS after adjusting for outdoor activity and sunscreen use. Conclusion: Converging evidence from different measures underlines the beneficial effect of sun exposure on MS risk.

Shared breastfeeding & other early multiple sclerosis risk factors: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 102812
Author(s):  
Nuha M. Alkhawajah ◽  
Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb ◽  
Yafa A. Alshamlan ◽  
Mohammad Osama Almohaini ◽  
Ghadah A. Aleissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Risk ◽  
Control Study

Multiple sclerosis and solar exposure before the age of 15 years: case—control study in Cuba, Martinique and Sicily

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dalmay ◽  
D. Bhalla ◽  
A. Nicoletti ◽  
JA Cabrera-Gomez ◽  
P. Cabre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Solar Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water Sports ◽  
Control Study

Few studies report a protective role of childhood solar exposure to multiple sclerosis. Our objective was to confirm the protective role of childhood solar exposure in multiple sclerosis in Cuba, Martinique and Sicily. This was a matched case— control study, and cases met Poser criteria for clinically, laboratory (definite, probable) multiple sclerosis. Controls were resident population, without neurological disorder, living close to cases (within 100 km), matched for sex, age (±5 years), residence before age 15. We recruited 551 subjects during a 1-year period (193 cases, Cuba n = 95, Sicily n = 50, Martinique n = 48; 358 controls). Some (89%) met definite clinical multiple sclerosis criteria (relapsing remitting form (with and without sequel) (74%), secondary progressive (21%), primary progressive (5%)). Odds ratios in a uni-variate analysis were: family history of multiple sclerosis (5.1) and autoimmune disorder (4.0); wearing shirt (3.5), hat (2.7), pants (2.4); sun exposure causing sunburn (1.8); sun exposure duration (1 h more/day; weekends 0.91, weekdays 0.86); bare-chested (0.6); water sports (0.2). Independent factors in the multivariate analysis were family history of multiple sclerosis (4.8 (1.50—15.10)), wearing pants under sunlight (1.9 (1.10—3.20)), sun exposure duration (1 h more/ day, weekdays 0.90 (0.85—0.98), weekends 0.93 (0.87—0.99)), water sports (0.23 (0.13—0.40)). We conclude that outdoor leisure activities in addition to sun exposure reports are associated with a reduced multiple sclerosis risk, with evidence of dose response.

scholarly journals Dietary Food Groups and Nutrient Intake in Association with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monire Fallah Yakhdani ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadi ◽  
Amin Salehi Abargouei ◽  
Masuod Mirzaei ◽  
Abolghasem Rahimdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Yazd City ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: It has been proposed that dietary intake is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). The present case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between intake of different food groups and occurrence of MS among the recently diagnosed adult patients in Yazd City, Iran. Materials and Methods: In the current study, a group of 45 patients who have recently been diagnosed with MS and 100 healthy controls were investigated in this research. Participants were matched regarding their gender. Dietary intakes were assessed using a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Participants also completed a demographic questionnaire including information such as age, gender, marital status, job, education, sun exposure, smoking, sunscreen, body mass index (BMI), economic status, as well as their spouses' occupations and education. Logistic regressions in crude and multivariable-adjusted models were used to investigate the relationship between food groups and the odds of developing MS. Results:  The findings showed that participants with high consumption of fruits, potatoes, refined grains, pickles, and fibers had a significantly lower chance for developing MS after adjustment for the maximum possible confounding variables (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study revealed that several food groups or nutrients are associated with the development of MS.  Further multi-central prospective studies including more participants are needed to confirm these results

scholarly journals Restless Legs Syndrome in Multiple Sclerosis: risk factors and effect on sleep quality – a case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 102916
Author(s):  
Tobias Monschein ◽  
Christian Schestak ◽  
Cornelia Schillerwein-Kral ◽  
Fritz Leutmezer ◽  
Thomas Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Risk ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Physical activity is associated with a decreased multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Wesnes ◽  
Kjell-Morten Myhr ◽  
Trond Riise ◽  
Marianna Cortese ◽  
Maura Pugliatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Risk ◽  
Control Study

Background: The lifestyle factors smoking and obesity have been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical activity (PA) may also be of importance. Objective: To examine the association between PA and MS risk in Italy, Norway, and Sweden and to evaluate the possible influence by established risk factors. Methods: In this case–control study, 1904 cases and 3694 controls were asked to report their average weekly amounts of light and vigorous PA during adolescence on a scale ranging from none to more than 3 hours activity. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Vigorous PA was inversely associated with MS risk in the pooled analysis ( p-trend < 0.001) with an age- and sex-adjusted OR of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63–0.87) when comparing the highest and lowest levels. Adjusting for outdoor activity, infectious mononucleosis, body size, and smoking yielded similar results. The association was present in all countries and was not affected by exclusion of patients with early disease onset. Light PA was not associated with the risk of MS. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that vigorous PA can modify the risk of developing MS independent of established risk factors.

scholarly journals Estimating the Marginal Causal Effect of Fish Consumption during Adolescence on Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Incident Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abdollahpour ◽  
Saharnaz Nedjat ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mansournia ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian ◽  
Jay S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Control Study
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