scholarly journals Diet quality and risk of multiple sclerosis in two cohorts of US women

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 1773-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia L Rotstein ◽  
Marianna Cortese ◽  
Teresa T Fung ◽  
Tanuja Chitnis ◽  
Alberto Ascherio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Dietary Indices

Objective: To determine the association between measures of overall diet quality (dietary indices/patterns) and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Over 185,000 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII) completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires every 4 years. There were 480 MS incident cases. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index. Principal component analysis was used to determine major dietary patterns. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) of MS with Cox multivariate models adjusted for age, latitude of residence at age 15, body mass index at age 18, supplemental vitamin D intake, and cigarette smoking. Results: None of the dietary indices, AHEI-2010, aMED, or DASH, at baseline was statistically significantly related to the risk of MS. The principal component analysis identified “Western” and “prudent” dietary patterns, neither of which was associated with MS risk (HR, top vs bottom quintile: Western, 0.81 ( p = 0.31) and prudent, 0.96 ( p = 0.94)). When the analysis was repeated using cumulative average dietary pattern scores, the results were unchanged. Conclusion: There was no evidence of an association between overall diet quality and risk of developing MS among women.

scholarly journals Education and lifestyle predict change in dietary patterns and diet quality of adults 55 years and over

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maree G. Thorpe ◽  
Catherine M. Milte ◽  
David Crawford ◽  
Sarah A. McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Time Points

Abstract Background Diet is a key risk factor for chronic disease, and an increasing concern among older adults. We aim to examine the changes in dietary patterns using principal component analysis and a diet quality index among older adults and examine the predictors of dietary change over a 4 year period. Methods Data was obtained via a postal survey in a prospective cohort, the Wellbeing Eating and Exercise for a Long Life (WELL) study. Australian adults aged 55 years and over (n = 1005 men and n = 1106 women) completed a food frequency at three time points and provided self-reported personal characteristics. Principal component analysis was used to assess dietary patterns and diet quality was assessed using the 2013 Revised Dietary Guideline Index. The relationships between predictors and change in dietary patterns were assessed by multiple linear regression. Results Two dietary patterns were consistently identified in men and women at three time points over 4 years. One was characterised by vegetables, fruit and white meat, and the other was characterised by red and processed meat and processed foods. Reduced consumption of key food groups within the principal component analysis-determined dietary patterns was observed. An increase in diet quality over 4 years was observed in men only. Reported higher education levels and favourable lifestyle characteristics, including not smoking and physical activity, at baseline predicted an increase in healthier dietary patterns over 4 years. Conclusions There was stability in the main dietary patterns identified over time, however participants reported an overall decrease in the frequency of consumption of key food groups. Compliance with the Australian Dietary Guidelines remained poor and therefore targeting this population in nutritional initiatives is important. Design of nutrition promotion for older adults need to consider those with lower socioeconomic status, as having a lower level of education was a predictor of poorer dietary patterns. It is important to consider how nutrition behaviours can be targeted alongside other lifestyle behaviours, such as smoking and inadequate physical activity to improve health.

scholarly journals The association of priori and posteriori dietary patterns with the risk of incident hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Ramezankhani ◽  
Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with incident hypertension. Materials/methods This prospective study was conducted on 4793 individuals of Tehran lipid and glucose study participants, aged ≥ 18 years who were followed for a median of 6.3 years from 2008–2011 to 2016–2018. A valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intakes. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and during follow up examinations. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Healthy eating index (HEI) and dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) score were measured based on dietary recommendations. Time-dependent Cox models adjusting for confounders were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension. Results During follow-up, a total of 727 incident cases of hypertension were identified. The mean ± SD age at baseline was 40.3 ± 13.5 and 37.9 ± 12.1 years in men and women, respectively. Two dietary patterns (the healthy and unhealthy) were extracted by PCA. Compared with participants in the first quartile, a 23% (HR: 1.23; 95%CI 1.00–1.53; P trend: 0.056) increased risk of hypertension was found in the fourth quartile of HEI score. This association was disappeared after further adjustment for confounders. Increasing DASH score, the healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern were not associated with risk of hypertension. Conclusion Our findings showed that higher adherences to the posteriori- and priori-dietary patterns were not associated with risk of hypertension in this population.

scholarly journals Using principal component analysis to characterize dietary patterns in children from Uruguay

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Lee ◽  
Pao Ying Hsiao ◽  
Elena Queirolo ◽  
Fabiana Peregalli ◽  
Katarzyna Kordas
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis

scholarly journals A lipid-related metabolomic pattern of diet quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1613-1630
Author(s):  
Minoo Bagheri ◽  
Walter Willett ◽  
Mary K Townsend ◽  
Peter Kraft ◽  
Kerry L Ivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Complementary Approach

ABSTRACT Background Adherence to a healthy diet has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. Identifying nutritional biomarkers of diet quality may be complementary to traditional questionnaire-based methods and may provide insights concerning disease mechanisms and prevention. Objective To identify metabolites associated with diet quality assessed via the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and its components. Methods This cross-sectional study used FFQ data and plasma metabolomic profiles, mostly lipid related, from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, n = 1460) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, n = 1051). Linear regression models assessed associations of the AHEI and its components with individual metabolites. Canonical correspondence analyses (CCAs) investigated overlapping patterns between AHEI components and metabolites. Principal component analysis (PCA) and explanatory factor analysis were used to consolidate correlated metabolites into uncorrelated factors. We used stepwise multivariable regression to create a metabolomic score that is an indicator of diet quality. Results The AHEI was associated with 83 metabolites in the NHS and 96 metabolites in the HPFS after false discovery rate adjustment. Sixty-three of these significant metabolites overlapped between the 2 cohorts. CCA identified “healthy” AHEI components (e.g., nuts, whole grains) and metabolites (n = 27 in the NHS and 33 in the HPFS) and “unhealthy” AHEI components (e.g., red meat, trans fat) and metabolites (n = 56 in the NHS and 63 in the HPFS). PCA-derived factors composed of highly saturated triglycerides, plasmalogens, and acylcarnitines were associated with unhealthy AHEI components while factors composed of highly unsaturated triglycerides were linked to healthy AHEI components. The stepwise regression analysis contributed to a metabolomics score as a predictor of diet quality. Conclusion We identified metabolites associated with healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors. The observed associations were largely similar between men and women, suggesting that metabolomics can be a complementary approach to self-reported diet in studies of diet and chronic disease.

Sociodemographic characteristics and dietary patterns in cardiometabolic risk subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 2780-2790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira ◽  
Juliana Farias de Novaes ◽  
Sarah Aparecida Vieira ◽  
Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha ◽  
Arieta Carla Gualandi Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traditional Pattern

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the associations of dietary patterns with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in a cardiometabolic risk population. Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study data from 295 (n=123 men/172 women, 42±16 years) participants in a Cardiovascular Health Care Program were included. After a 24-hour recall interview the dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis. Sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle data were collected by medical records. Findings Subjects with diabetes and hypertension had a higher adherence in the “traditional” pattern (rice, beans, tubers, oils and meats). Poisson regression models showed that male subjects with low schooling and smokers had greater adherence to the “traditional” pattern. Also, students, women, and those with higher schooling and sleeping =7 h/night showed higher adherence to healthy patterns (whole grains, nuts, fruits and dairy). Women, young adults and those with higher schooling and fewer sleep hours had greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns. Those with low schooling and unhealthy lifestyle showed more adherence to the “traditional” pattern. Social implications The results indicate the importance to personalized nutritional therapy and education against cardiometabolic risk, considering the dietary patterns specific to each population. Originality/value Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics can influence dietary patterns and this is one of the few studies that investigated this relationship performing principal component analysis.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Principal Component Analysis–Derived Dietary Patterns in Japanese Adults: Are Major Dietary Patterns Reproducible Within a Country?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
Nana Shinozaki ◽  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Xiaoyi Yuan ◽  
Ayumi Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Different Populations

ABSTRACT Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely used in nutritional epidemiology to derive dietary patterns. However, although PCA-derived dietary patterns are population-dependent, their reproducibility in different populations is largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate whether major dietary patterns are consistently identified among different populations within a country and, if so, how similar these dietary patterns are. We conducted a systematic review of PCA-derived dietary patterns in Japanese adults using PubMed and Web of Science for English articles and Ichushi-Web and CiNii databases for Japanese articles. We assessed the reproducibility of major dietary patterns using congruence coefficients (CCs), with values ≥0.80 considered to represent fair similarity. From 65 articles (80 studies) included in this review, 285 different dietary patterns were identified. Based on the names of these patterns, major dietary patterns were Western (n = 34), Japanese (n = 12), traditional (n = 10), traditional Japanese (n = 9), healthy (n = 18), and prudent (n = 9) patterns. When assessment was limited to high-quality data (i.e., studies based on a sample size ≥200 and use of a validated dietary assessment questionnaire or multiple-day dietary record), the median CC was low for Western (0.44), traditional (0.59), and traditional Japanese (0.31) patterns. Conversely, the median CC was 0.89 for healthy, 0.86 for prudent, and 0.80 for Japanese patterns; and the proportion of pairs with a CC ≥0.80 was 87.3%, 64.3%, and 50.0%, respectively. Characteristics shared among these 3 dietary patterns included higher intakes of mushrooms, seaweeds, vegetables, potatoes, fruits, pulses, and pickles. In conclusion, this systematic review showed that some of the major dietary patterns are relatively reproducible in different populations within a country, whereas others are not. This highlights the importance of careful interpretation of PCA-derived dietary patterns. Our findings in Japan should be confirmed in different countries and globally. This study was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42018087669.

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