Enhancement of central nervous system remyelination in immune and non-immune experimental models of demyelination

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baziel GM van Engelen ◽  
Kevin D Pavelko ◽  
Moses Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Theiler's Virus ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Myelin Repair ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Virus Model ◽  
Cns Demyelination

Studies in both humans and experimental animals indicate that there is potential for full remyelination following CNS demyelination, but the factors that control the degree of myelin repair are unknown. In the Theiler's virus model of demyelination CNS remyelination can be promoted either by global immunosuppression or by selective immunoglobulin therapy. In this paper we discuss whether immunoglobulin-mediated remyelination is a characteristic of immune-mediated demyelination, or whether immunoglobulin-mediated remyelination also occurs in the toxic-traumatic model of lysolecithin-induced demyelination. Our data support the hypothesis that even in a non-primary immune model of demyelination, manipulating the immune system can be beneficial in myelin repair.

Promotion of endogeneous remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
CF Lucchinetti ◽  
JH Noseworthy ◽  
M. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Theiler's Virus ◽  
Myelin Repair ◽  
Physiologic Response ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Virus Model ◽  
Cns Demyelination ◽  
Myelin Injury

Studies in both human and experimental models demonstrate that myelin repair occurs in the central nervous system and is a normal physiologic response to myelin injury. However, remyelination in MS is often incomplete and limited. The outcome of an actively demyelinating lesion depends on the balance between factors promoting myelin destruction and myelin repair. Experimental models of CNS demyelination provide an opportunity to investigate the morphologic, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in remyelination. This review focuses on experiments using the Theiler's virus model of demylination which indicate that manipulation of the immune response has the potential to promote endogenous CNS remyelination and functional recovery in MS.

scholarly journals Pathological findings in central nervous system demyelination associated with infliximab

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1124-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Kalinowska-Lyszczarz ◽  
Mahboobeh Fereidan-Esfahani ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Claudia F Lucchinetti ◽  
W Oliver Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Infliximab Treatment ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Central Nervous System Demyelination ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Cns Demyelination ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors, such as infliximab, are commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other immune-mediated disorders. Objective: To determine whether infliximab-associated central nervous system (CNS) demyelination can be differentiated from multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We present a case of pathologically proven CNS demyelination in a patient treated with infliximab and describe clinical–radiographic–neuropathological findings. Putative mechanisms of TNF-alpha inhibitor-associated CNS demyelination are described. Results and conclusion: Infliximab treatment is associated with CNS inflammatory demyelinating activity, which is histopathologically indistinguishable from MS.

The shiverer mutation affects the persistence of Theiler's virus in the central nervous system.

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 5025-5030 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bihl ◽  
C Pena-Rossi ◽  
J L Guénet ◽  
M Brahic ◽  
J F Bureau
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Theiler's Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Apoptotic Cells, Including Macrophages, Are Prominent in Theiler's Virus-Induced Inflammatory, Demyelinating Lesions

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 4383-4388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Schlitt ◽  
Matthew Felrice ◽  
Mary Lou Jelachich ◽  
Howard L. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Theiler's Virus ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Mouse Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) persists in the mouse central nervous system principally in macrophages, and infected macrophages in culture undergo apoptosis. We have detected abundant apoptotic cells in perivascular cuffs and inflammatory, demyelinating lesions of SJL mice chronically infected with TMEV. T cells comprised 74% of apoptotic cells, while 8% were macrophages, 0.6% were astrocytes, and ∼17% remained unidentified. In situ hybridization revealed viral RNA in ∼1% of apoptotic cells.

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