A contingency perspective on learning and instruction in physical education

2021 ◽  
pp. 1356336X2098588
Author(s):  
Jonas Wibowo ◽  
Ben Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Contingency Perspective ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Learning And Instruction

In this article, we focus on the contingency between learning and instruction in physical education (PE). We argue that the complex interconnectedness of teachers’ instruction and students’ learning processes should be studied using a unit of analysis that expresses the relationship between the two factors. A contingency perspective foregrounds the individual differences between different learners and how a teacher regards these differences. Furthermore, it has the potential to provide a precise lens for empirical research on how the students’ situations shape the evolution of the teaching--learning process. Based on scaffolding research and adaptive teaching research, which draws on socio-constructivist foundations, we call this unit of analysis ‘contingency’. We outline a framework of research that suggests depicting contingency dimensions, respective instructional continua, and contingency rules when investigating contingency in PE. Furthermore, autonomy as a core contingency dimension for PE and methodological issues will be discussed.

scholarly journals Relationship between Service Quality and Customer Delight and Customer Loyalty at the Fitness Center Business in East Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Ony Thoyib Hadiwijaya ◽  
Amiartuti Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Abdul Halik
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Fitness Center ◽  
Customer Delight ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Improve Service Quality ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to analyze the relationship between Service Quality and Customer Delight and Customer Loyalty at the Fitness Center Business in East Java. This research method This research is an explanatory research. The unit of analysis in this study is the individual. The respondents of this research are members of the Fitness Center in East Java. The population in this study were all fitness members in the East Java region who during 2019-2020 years extended their membership at least twice and were in East Java, especially the Kartosusilo Gate area which includes the cities of Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Lamongan. The number of sufficient samples is 365 respondents. The results show that Service Quality has no significant effect on customer delight. This is because with standard equipment and services, members feel happy. Likewise, the characteristics of the majority of fitness center members are individuals who feel quite happy with the situation and conditions provided by the manager, thereby indicating that the Service Quality at the current Fitness Center business in East Java has not been able to encourage an increase in customer delight. The results of this study also show that Service Quality has a significant effect on Customer Loyality, thus Service Quality at the current Fitness Center business in East Java can encourage the increase in Customer Loyality. Given the large role of service quality on customer loyalty, it is recommended that companies always maintain and improve service quality at the Fitness Center business in East Java.

scholarly journals APRENDIZAJE PARA LA GENERACIÓN DE CONOCIMIENTO

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Laura Elizabeth Cervantes Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Metacognitive Abilities ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Facing the problems for understanding student learning and the way that makes the relationship and integration of learned knowledge easier, this work is presented, which objective is to identify in the teaching-learning process, at the moment in which the individual relates and integrates the knowledge it acquires. In this document, the assumption was made is, In greater depth of reflection, the student strengthens his cognitive and metacognitive abilities.

Observing and Interpreting Teaching-Learning Processes: Novice PETE Students, Experienced PETE Students, and Expert Teacher Educators

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy C. Graham ◽  
Karen E. French ◽  
Amelia M. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Effective Teachers ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Expert Teacher ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Skill Performance ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Junior Students

The ability to observe and interpret events during instruction is thought to be an important dimension of effective teachers. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability to observe and interpret teaching physical education at different stages of expertise. Ten freshman preservice students, 7 experienced junior students, and 2 teacher educators served as subjects. Each subject viewed a 15-minute videotaped lesson on basketball dribbling taught to approximately 20 third-grade students. Subjects were instructed to observe the lesson, take notes, and write a description or evaluation of what they observed during the lesson. Experienced students wrote substantially more evaluative interpretations than novice preservice students. The interpretations of the experienced preservice students were similar to the teacher educators in the focus of observation and the use of a technical language. However, teacher educators’ interpretations were more organized and were focused more on lesson occurrences that influenced students’ motor-skill performance.

scholarly journals Algunos desafíos encontrados en la elaboración de la Teoría de la Objetivación

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Luis Radford
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Cultural Process ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Relationship

Este artículo presenta una reflexión alrededor de algunos desafíos encontrados en la elaboración de una teoría de inspiración vygotskiana sobre la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas: la teoría de la objetivación. Se discute el contexto histórico de donde emerge la teoría y las dificultades encontradas en concebir el aprendizaje no como un proceso subjetivo, como lo plantea el constructivismo, sino como un genuino proceso social-histórico-cultural. Se arguye que una de las dificultades más importantes de las aproximaciones socioculturales educativas contemporáneas reside en brindar una descripción teórica clara de la relación entre el individuo y su cultura. La respuesta de la teoría de la objetivación se encuentra en su concepto de labor conjunta.Some Challenges Found in the Elaboration of the Theory of ObjectificationThis article deals a reflection about some challenges encountered in the elaboration of a theory of Vygotskian inspiration about the teaching-learning of mathematics: the theory of objectification. We discuss the historical context from which the theory emerges and the difficulties encountered in conceiving learning not as a sub-subjective process, as proposed by constructivism, but as a genuine social-historical-cultural process. It is argued that one of the most important difficulties of contemporary sociocultural educational approaches lies in providing a clear theoretical description of the relationship between the individual and his culture. The answer of the theory of objectification is found in its concept of joint work.Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/49438Scopus record and citation

scholarly journals Eating and learning about food at school and on campus:

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas Coca
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Metro Vancouver ◽  
Educational Spaces ◽  
Practical Development ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Relationship

Food is an interdisciplinary topic that transverses different areas of knowledge, allowing it to be used as a pedagogical resource in numerous teaching-learning processes and environments. This paper seeks to contribute to early debates on the relationship between public procurement and food pedagogies in schools and universities, a topic that is still little addressed in the literature. I explore the Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC) network in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, which beyond institutional procurement recognises food as a pedagogical resource at schools and on campus. My research is based on 18 site visits and qualitative analysis of documents and 9 semi-structured interviews conducted with institutional administrators associated with F2CC in Metro Vancouver. This paper demonstrates how the F2CC network activities in Metro Vancouver contribute not only to food procurement, but also to the practical development of pedagogical activities from different areas of knowledge and in different educational spaces.

Navigational Paths and Didactical Patterns

2011 ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Iske
Keyword(s):  
Learning Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
E Learning ◽  
On Line ◽  
The One ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
On Line Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deductive Theory

This chapter focuses on a specific field of e-learning: the relationship between general didactical patterns to design teaching/learning processes on the one hand and empirical behavioral patterns of users (navigational paths) on the other hand. It is based on empirical research on the usage of a hypertextual on-line learning environment. The analyzed dataset consists of about 1500 paths containing about 4700 pages. These empirical navigational paths are analyzed in order to identify similar paths (patterns, structures and regularities), following a heuristic and inductive approach. This approach is based on the method of sequence analysis (optimal matching). The aggregation of similar paths into homogeneous groups will be discussed, as well as the identification of patterns within these aggregated groups. The inductively identified empirical patterns will be compared to deductive, theory-driven patterns. Empirical results will be presented which show the variety and complexity of empirical navigational paths and their relation to theory-driven patterns. These results will be located and discussed in a pedagogical-didactical context.

scholarly journals Can You Recognize an Effective Teacher When You Recruit One?

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah E. Rockoff ◽  
Brian A. Jacob ◽  
Thomas J. Kane ◽  
Douglas O. Staiger
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Teacher Selection ◽  
Effective Teacher ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Math Teachers ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between teacher characteristics and teacher effectiveness has been underway for over a century, yet little progress has been made in linking teacher quality with factors observable at the time of hire. To extend this literature, we administered an in-depth survey to new math teachers in New York City and collected information on a number of nontraditional predictors of effectiveness, including teaching-specific content knowledge, cognitive ability, personality traits, feelings of self-efficacy, and scores on a commercially available teacher selection instrument. We find that only a few of these predictors have statistically significant relationships with student and teacher outcomes. However, the individual variables load onto two factors, which measure what one might describe as teachers' cognitive and noncognitive skills. We find that both factors have a moderately large and statistically significant relationship with student and teacher outcomes, particularly with student test scores.

The Hegelian state and International polities

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
International Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Moral Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

It is a characteristic of political theory and international politics that certain wellworn stereotypes are perennially wheeled out for generations of students. Some of these may be useful landmarks for scholarship, others offer only partial insights. This paper addresses one of these stereotypes which does not dissolve with more intensive study. It attaches to the Hegelian concept of the state in relation to international politics. I refer to the view that Hegel's concept of the state, elaborated in the Philosophy of Right, is the final unit of analysis for any theory of international politics; that it is impossible to go beyond the nation state; that it possesses a finality in that international affairs are only to be understood through the relation between nation states. One of the conclusions which is sometimes drawn from this stereotype. is that Hegel's account of international politics is Hobbesian in character; that is to say, the relation between states is rather like that between individuals in Hobbes’ state of nature. The ruling principle would thus be that ‘clubs are trumps’; or, more conveniently, that might is right. For an Hegelian there cannot be a legitimate concept of international order, because order only exists in the individual state. Each state has its own legal system and concept of right, therefore the relationship between states is simply the conflict of rights. To put this in a moral perspective: states are neither right nor wrong; this is simply how things are. This has often led to the paradoxical conclusion that Hegel is a realist as regards international affairs, though perhaps a better term would be ‘idealist-realist’. The aim of this paper is to examine the arguments for and against such a stereotype.

scholarly journals Psicolinguística do bilinguismo: implicações em processos formais de aquisição de línguas

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-310
Author(s):  
Elena Ortiz Ortiz Preuss
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Pedagogical Approaches

In this article we discuss the interrelationships between contextual and individual variables in the acquisition and use of L2, based on researches developed by our team. We assume that in the late acquisition of L2 there is variability in the proficiency of the learners, and that it is necessary to (re)know the effects of the individual variables in the teaching-learning processes. The experiments, which were created according to the Psycholinguistics of bilingualism and carried out in formal contexts of acquisition, evaluated associations between attention and working memory systems and the performance of bilinguals in their L2. The results, although incipient, indicate that effects of pedagogical approaches can be affected by individual differences. In addition, they reveal the need of more experiments that focus these variables on L2 teaching-learning processes.

scholarly journals Formation of Physical Culture of the Personality of Student Youth in Modern Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2 (340)) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Emylyia Savko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Cultural Design ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the relationship between the physical and the spiritual in the process of education. Physical culture and as a process of physical education in a person should be aimed at the harmonious development of the personality, which combined: spiritual wealth, moral purity and physical perfection. Under the decisive influence of culture and physical culture, the development of society and, first of all, of a person of his personal qualities is carried out. Outside culture, outside the cultural design of human behavior and activities, the purposefulness and purposefulness of development are lost. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize the scientific literature devoted to the formation of a person's physical culture. It was revealed that the most dangerous deficit of society is the deficit of personality culture. The state of a person's culture is a person, soul, spirituality and harmony of society, the most characteristic, universally significant value. The level of development of the culture of the individual is a decisive condition for the progress of society and man. Culture as a universal phenomenon permeates all spheres of social life and types of human activity.

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