Shared or unique trajectories of PTSD and depression in children over time since an earthquake

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110176
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhou ◽  
Xinchun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Chronic Depression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Chronic Ptsd ◽  
Recovery Group ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Over Time

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are common outcomes in children and adolescents following natural disasters. However, because of the comorbidity of PTSD and depression, their mutual relationship affects their relative trajectories over time. Therefore, this study examined the joint trajectories of PTSD and depression and assessed their consistency over time. Using self-report questionnaires, we surveyed 303 children in the worst-affected area of the Ya’an earthquake at 6 months, 1 year, and 18 months post-disaster. Four latent joint trajectories of PTSD and depression were identified: a chronic depression-delayed PTSD symptoms group ( n = 59, 19.5%), a chronic PTSD-delayed depressive symptoms group ( n = 10, 3.3%), a low-symptoms group ( n = 208, 68.6%), and a chronic depression-PTSD symptoms recovery group ( n = 26, 8.6%). Companionship and affirmative value were more likely to be observed in the low-symptoms group. These findings illustrate that PTSD and depression development are heterogeneously distributed, and various types of social support fill different roles in differentiating distinct joint trajectories of PTSD and depression.

scholarly journals Does Self-Efficacy and Emotional Control Protect Hospital Staff From COVID-19 Anxiety and PTSD Symptoms? Psychological Functioning of Hospital Staff After the Announcement of COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bidzan ◽  
Ilona Bidzan-Bluma ◽  
Aleksandra Szulman-Wardal ◽  
Marcus Stueck ◽  
Mariola Bidzan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
General Self Efficacy

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in the hospital staff, as well as to identify protective factors of COVID-19 anxiety once the coronavirus pandemic was announced in Poland.Methods90 healthcare workers from the hospital in Poland completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing self-efficacy, emotional control, and PTSD symptoms; a questionnaire assessing COVID-19 anxiety; and a socio-demographic questionnaire. A multiple linear regression was conducted to assess the effects of gender, being directly vs indirectly exposed to patients, and general self-efficacy on COVID-19 anxiety.ResultsThe analysis showed that female (β = −0.271, p < 0.01) healthcare professionals indirectly exposed to patients (β = −0.336, p < 0.01) and those who reported lower levels of general self-efficacy (β = −0.295, p < 0.01) have a stronger tendency to experience COVID-19 anxiety [R2 = 0.301, F(3,89) = 12.34, p < 0.01].ConclusionThe findings show the importance of self-efficacy for dealing with COVID-19 anxiety. The internal coping strategies should be introduced to healthcare workers.

scholarly journals GEROFIT: IMPACT ON PTSD SYMPTOMS AMONG PARTICIPATING VETERANS WITH SELF-REPORTED PTSD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S34-S34
Author(s):  
Cathy Lee ◽  
Rebecca Melrose ◽  
Erin Blanchard ◽  
Stacy Wilkins ◽  
Steven Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Negative Feelings

Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases risk of medical comorbidities in aging. The Gerofit Program is an exercise program for older Veterans that shows efficacy for physical health. We sought to determine its impact on PTSD. Veterans in Gerofit completed a self-report questionnaire at 3 and 6 months assessing effect of Gerofit on: PTSD symptoms generally, disturbing dreams, avoidance, negative feelings, and irritability. Two hundred twenty-nine Veterans completed the questionnaire. Of these, 56 (24.5%) reported PTSD. None reported worsened PTSD following Gerofit participation. At 3 months, >50% of Veterans reported symptom improvement and this was maintained over 6 months for all items (p>0.05 paired t-test). There was an increase between 3 and 6 months in the percentage who reported “improved a lot” for overall symptoms (16.7% to 22.2%), negative feelings (5.6% to 11.1%) and irritability (0% to 11.1%). Gerofit may offer an effective intervention to improve PTSD symptoms in older Veterans.

scholarly journals Bidirectional associations between insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depressive symptoms among adolescent earthquake survivors: a longitudinal multiwave cohort study

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulei Geng ◽  
Yingxin Liang ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Yi Fang ◽  
Tien Sy Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Study Objectives To assess insomnia symptoms in adolescents with probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to determine whether there are longitudinal and reciprocal associations between insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms. Methods Participants were 1,492 adolescent survivors who had been exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms were measured at 12 months (T1, n = 1407), 18 months (T2, n = 1335), and 24 months (T3, n = 1361) postearthquake by self-report questionnaires. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of insomnia with PTSD and depression. Results Insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms were common among adolescent survivors. Among participants with probable PTSD, approximately 47% (48.5%, T1; 48.1%, T2; and 44.2%, T3) reported difficulty falling asleep or difficulty maintaining sleep. Cross-sectional analyses showed that insomnia co-occurred with PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04) and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.10). Longitudinal analyses revealed that probable PTSD (OR = 1.50) and depression (OR = 1.42) predicted the incidence of insomnia; in turn, insomnia predicted the incidence of depression (OR = 1.65) over time. Furthermore, PTSD predicted (OR = 3.11) and was predicted (OR = 3.25) by depressive symptoms. Conclusions There is a bidirectional relationship between insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms. This suggests that insomnia, PTSD, and depression are intertwined over time.

scholarly journals Development of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness in Relation to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories After Military Deployment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701880351
Author(s):  
Alieke Reijnen ◽  
Elbert Geuze ◽  
Rosalie Gorter ◽  
Eric Vermetten
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Over Time

Background Personality traits, such as the character traits self-directedness and cooperativeness, might play a role in the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after deployment to a combat zone. However, it is unclear whether these traits are preexisting risk factors or if event-related changes might also be associated with PTSD symptoms over time. Therefore, the current aim was to assess if military deployment is associated with changes in cooperativeness and self-directedness and to study how these traits are related to PTSD symptom trajectories. Methods In a large cohort of military personnel (N = 1007), measurements were performed before, at one and six months, and two and five years after deployment to Afghanistan. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the individual change in the traits over time and to study the relation with potential predictors. Results Cooperativeness was found to remain stable, whereas self-directedness was found to slightly decrease over time. This decrease was related to the development of PTSD symptoms over time. Furthermore, lower levels of self-directedness were associated with the symptomatic trajectories of PTSD symptoms. Lower levels of cooperativeness were only associated with the recovered PTSD trajectory. Conclusions So, not only do the findings confirm that lower levels of these character traits are associated with the development of PTSD symptoms, it was also shown that there are differences in the relation between these traits and the course of PTSD symptoms. Studying methods to promote the levels of these character traits might help to improve the resiliency of military personnel.

scholarly journals Beyond symptom self-report: use of a computer “avatar” to assess post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms

Stress ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Myers ◽  
Milen L. Radell ◽  
Christine Shind ◽  
Yasheca Ebanks-Williams ◽  
Kevin D. Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Treatment of a Multitraumatized Tortured Refugee Needing an Interpreter with Exposure Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Søndergaard Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Chronic Ptsd ◽  
Harvard Trauma Questionnaire

This paper described the application and feasibility of exposure therapy treatment (ET) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a multitraumatized tortured refugee with chronic PTSD and depression, in need of an interpreter. The patient received 26 one-hour sessions of ET involving exposure to his trauma-related memories. Symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety were assessed at pre- and posttreatment and 3-, 6-, and 12-month followup with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ-R), PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report (PSS-SR), Major depression inventory (MDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Treatment led to a significant improvement across all measures of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression, and the improvement was maintained at the 12-month follow-up. The results from this case study provide further preliminary evidence that ET may be effective in treating multi-traumatized torture survivors who are refugees and in need of an interpreter, despite the additional stressors and symptoms complexity experienced by tortured refugees.

scholarly journals Acute White Matter Integrity Post-trauma and Prospective Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa N. Weis ◽  
Ashley A. Huggins ◽  
Tara A. Miskovich ◽  
Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald ◽  
Kenneth P. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
White Matter Tracts

Background: Little is known about what distinguishes those who are resilient after trauma from those at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous work indicates white matter integrity may be a useful biomarker in predicting PTSD. Research has shown changes in the integrity of three white matter tracts—the cingulum bundle, corpus callosum (CC), and uncinate fasciculus (UNC)—in the aftermath of trauma relate to PTSD symptoms. However, few have examined the predictive utility of white matter integrity in the acute aftermath of trauma to predict prospective PTSD symptom severity in a mixed traumatic injury sample.Method: Thus, the current study investigated acute brain structural integrity in 148 individuals being treated for traumatic injuries in the Emergency Department of a Level 1 trauma center. Participants underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging 2 weeks post-trauma and completed several self-report measures at 2-weeks (T1) and 6 months (T2), including the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-V (CAPS-5), post-injury.Results: Consistent with previous work, T1 lesser anterior cingulum fractional anisotropy (FA) was marginally related to greater T2 total PTSD symptoms. No other white matter tracts were related to PTSD symptoms.Conclusions: Results demonstrate that in a traumatically injured sample with predominantly subclinical PTSD symptoms at T2, acute white matter integrity after trauma is not robustly related to the development of chronic PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest the timing of evaluating white matter integrity and PTSD is important as white matter differences may not be apparent in the acute period after injury.

Peritraumatic distress but not dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder in the elderly

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Brunet ◽  
Steven Sanche ◽  
Aude Manetti ◽  
Bruno Aouizerate ◽  
Régis Ribéreau-Gayon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Traumatic Distress ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTBackground: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder whose symptoms include re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal after a particularly intense event. In view of the aging of the population, increased clinical knowledge is required for better understanding of PTSD in the elderly. Extending previous research in this field in adults and children, the aim of our study was to assess the utility of peri-traumatic dissociation and distress as a predictor of PTSD in the elderly.Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in a consecutive cohort of subjects aged 65 years and over admitted to emergency departments after a physical assault or a road traffic accident. Peri-traumatic responses of distress and of dissociation were measured. One, 6, and 12 months after trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms and diagnosis were assessed using both a dimensional and a semistructured interview.Results: Thirty-nine male and female participants with an average age of 72.4 years were recruited. Mixed model regression analyses did not detect a significant effect of age, sex, nor time. Significant associations were detected between peri-traumatic distress and the self-report PTSD Checklist (p = 0.008), as well as the Clinician-administered PTSD scale (p = 0.03). No association was detected between peri-traumatic dissociation and PTSD.Conclusions: Peri-traumatic distress predicts PTSD symptoms and diagnosis in the elderly, thereby suggesting its systematic evaluation at the emergency department would be a worthwhile thing to do.

Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Family Functioning of Vietnam Veterans and Their Partners

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Evans ◽  
Tony Mchugh ◽  
Malcolm Hopwood ◽  
Carol Watt
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Program

Objective: This study examines the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in terms of the three main symptom clusters (intrusion, avoidance and arousal), and the self-report of family functioning of Vietnam veterans and the self-report of family functioning of their partners. A second objective was to determine if depression, anger and alcohol abuse mediated between PTSD symptoms and family functioning. Method: Vietnam veterans and their partners completed a series of questionnaires as part of their participation in the inpatient and outpatient PTSD treatment program, in the Veterans Psychiatry Unit, at the Austin and Repatriation Hospital. Results: Data from 270 veterans and partners were used in the final analyses. The PTSD subscales were initially correlated with family functioning for veterans and family functioning for partners. Then two path diagrams were constructed and analyzed using the statistical program AMOS to test for mediating effects between PTSD symptoms and family functioning. For veterans there were significant initial correlations with all three subscales of the PTSD measure. In the path analysis when the mediating variables were included only the avoidance subscale of the PTSD measure remained directly associated with family functioning. The arousal PTSD subscale was mediated by anger. The measures of depression and anger were significantly associated with poor family functioning and the anger and the avoidance subscales were significantly associated with depression. In the second set of analyses conducted on data from partners, the PTSD symptoms of avoidance and arousal were initially correlated with family functioning. When the test for mediation was conducted none of the PTSD subscales remained associated with partners' self-report of family functioning. Posttraumatic stress disorder arousal and alcohol abuse were mediated by anger for partners' self-report of family functioning. Conclusions: Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms of avoidance for veterans, and comorbid symptoms of anger and depression for veterans, and anger on its own for partners appear to be important in the self-report of family functioning. These findings suggest that veterans and their partners have similar difficulties as couples with distressed relationships in the community.

scholarly journals Differences in psychological effects in hospital doctors with and without post-traumatic stress disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Einav ◽  
Arieh Y. Shalev ◽  
Hadas Ofek ◽  
Sara Freedman ◽  
Idit Matot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Hospital Doctors ◽  
Negative Coping

SummaryPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can reduce performance. The association between PTSD and other psychopathologies among hospital doctors was examined using self-report questionnaires during a wave of suicide bombing in Jerusalem. Thirty-three doctors with PTSD symptoms and 155 without were compared on coping, burnout and acceptance of treatment. Doctors with PTSD symptoms demonstrated significantly more anxiety, depression, negative coping strategies and burnout. Hospital doctors who develop PTSD symptoms suffer greater burnout and manifest negative coping strategies but are reluctant to receive treatment.

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