Discrepancies between subjective perception and waist-to-height ratio measurement of obesity, and their policy implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1624-1643
Author(s):  
Yong-Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Ratio Measurement ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

In social sciences, researchers rely on subjective perceptions of obesity measures to examine the determinants of obesity and the likely effects of obesity on health outcomes. However, subjective perception tends to produce estimation biases. In this study, we investigated the misreporting behavior of individuals regarding obesity using waist-to-height ratio as an objective measurement of obesity. Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2008–2011, we showed that false-reporting behavior was significantly associated with socio-economic status. Furthermore, we presented that subjective perception of obesity yielded misleading estimates in both the determinants and the consequences of obesity.

scholarly journals Food consumption, physical activity and socio-economic status related to BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1834-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Abreu ◽  
Rute Santos ◽  
Carla Moreira ◽  
Paula Clara Santos ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Negative Predictor

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between obesity and food group intakes, physical activity and socio-economic status in adolescents.DesignA cross-sectional study was carried out in 2008. Cole's cut-off points were used to categorize BMI. Abdominal obesity was defined by a waist circumference at or above the 90th percentile, as well as a waist-to-height ratio at or above 0·500. Diet was evaluated using an FFQ, and the food group consumption was categorized using sex-specific tertiles of each food group amount. Physical activity was assessed via a self-report questionnaire. Socio-economic status was assessed referring to parental education and employment status. Data were analysed separately for girls and boys and the associations among food consumption, physical activity, socio-economic status and BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated using logistic regression analysis, adjusting the results for potential confounders.SettingPublic schools in the Azorean Archipelago, Portugal.SubjectsAdolescents (n 1209) aged 15–18 years.ResultsAfter adjustment, in boys, higher intake of ready-to-eat cereals was a negative predictor while vegetables were a positive predictor of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Active boys had lower odds of abdominal obesity compared with inactive boys. Boys whose mother showed a low education level had higher odds of abdominal obesity compared with boys whose mother presented a high education level. Concerning girls, higher intake of sweets and pastries was a negative predictor of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Girls in tertile 2 of milk intake had lower odds of abdominal obesity than those in tertile 1. Girls whose father had no relationship with employment displayed higher odds of abdominal obesity compared with girls whose father had high employment status.ConclusionsWe have found that different measures of obesity have distinct associations with food group intakes, physical activity and socio-economic status.

scholarly journals Association between High Waist-to-Height Ratio and Cardiovascular Risk among Adults Sampled by the 2016 Half-Way National Health and Nutrition Survey in Mexico (ENSANUT MC 2016)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rangel-Baltazar ◽  
Lucia Cuevas-Nasu ◽  
Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Ignacio Méndez-Gómez-Humarán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
National Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Mexican Adults ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Little evidence exists regarding the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors in Mexican adults. Our study pursued a twofold objective: To describe the association between a high WHtR and CVR indicators among Mexican adults canvassed by the 2016 Half-Way National Health and Nutrition Survey, and to examine the interaction of sex and age on this association. We analyzed data from the adult sample (≥20 years old) and classified in two groups using WHtRs ≥0.5 considered high and low otherwise. The following CVR factors were analyzed: High-total-cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL), low high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c < 40 mg/dL), high low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c ≥ 130 mg/dL), high triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), insulin resistance (IR) (HOMA-IR) (≥2.6), and hypertension (HBP) (≥140/≥90 mmHg). We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) to analyze the association between high WHtRs and CVR indicators. Over 90% of participants had high WHtRs and were at greater risk for dyslipidemias, HBP, and IR compared to those that had low WHtRs. PR for men with high WHtRs were between 1.3 to 2.3 for dyslipidemias, 3.4 for HBP and 7.6 for IR; among women were between 1.8 to 2.4 for dyslipidemias and HBP and 5.9 for IR (p < 0.05). A high WHtR is associated with CVR factors in Mexican adults.

scholarly journals Associations between different components of fitness and fatness with academic performance in Chilean youths

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro R. Olivares ◽  
Javier García-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
School Type ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Academic Scores

ObjectivesTo analyze the associations between different components of fitness and fatness with academic performance, adjusting the analysis by sex, age, socio-economic status, region and school type in a Chilean sample.MethodsData of fitness, fatness and academic performance was obtained from the Chilean System for the Assessment of Educational Quality test for eighth grade in 2011 and includes a sample of 18,746 subjects (49% females). Partial correlations adjusted by confounders were done to explore association between fitness and fatness components, and between the academic scores. Three unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were done in order to analyze the associations of variables.ResultsFatness has a negative association with academic performance when Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist to Height Ratio (WHR) are assessed independently. When BMI and WHR are assessed jointly and adjusted by cofounders, WHR is more associated with academic performance than BMI, and only the association of WHR is positive. For fitness components, strength was the variable most associated with the academic performance. Cardiorespiratory capacity was not associated with academic performance if fatness and other fitness components are included in the model.ConclusionsFitness and fatness are associated with academic performance. WHR and strength are more related with academic performance than BMI and cardiorespiratory capacity.

scholarly journals Prevalence and patterns of cooking dinner at home in the USA: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1022-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senbagam Virudachalam ◽  
Judith A Long ◽  
Michael O Harhay ◽  
Daniel E Polsky ◽  
Chris Feudtner
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the prevalence of cooking dinner at home in the USA and test whether home dinner preparation habits are associated with socio-economic status, race/ethnicity, country of birth and family structure.DesignCross-sectional analysis. The primary outcome, self-reported frequency of cooking dinner at home, was divided into three categories: 0–1 dinners cooked per week (‘never’), 2–5 (‘sometimes’) and 6–7 (‘always’). We used bivariable and multivariable regression analyses to test for associations between frequency of cooking dinner at home and factors of interest.SettingThe 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).SubjectsThe sample consisted of 10 149 participants.ResultsAmericans reported cooking an average of five dinners per week; 8 % never, 43 % sometimes and 49 % always cooked dinner at home. Lower household wealth and educational attainment were associated with a higher likelihood of either always or never cooking dinner at home, whereas wealthier, more educated households were more likely to sometimes cook dinner at home (P < 0·05). Black households cooked the fewest dinners at home (mean = 4·4, 95 % CI 4·2, 4·6). Households with foreign-born reference persons cooked more dinners at home (mean = 5·8, 95 % CI 5·7, 6·0) than households with US-born reference persons (mean = 4·9, 95 % CI 4·7, 5·1). Households with dependants cooked more dinners at home (mean = 5·2, 95 % CI 5·1, 5·4) than households without dependants (mean = 4·6, 95 % CI 4·3, 5·0).ConclusionsHome dinner preparation habits varied substantially with socio-economic status and race/ethnicity, associations that likely will have implications for designing and appropriately tailoring interventions to improve home food preparation practices and promote healthy eating.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance of Normal Weight Central Obese Adolescents in Korea Stratified by Waist to Height Ratio: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008–2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Kyoung Cho ◽  
Hyojin Kim ◽  
Hyun Young Lee ◽  
Kyung Do Han ◽  
Yeon Jin Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Wbc Count

Background. To evaluate insulin resistance of normal weight central obese 13–18-year-old male and female adolescents stratified by waist to height ratio (WHR).Methods. Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (K-NHANES) conducted during 2008–2010. Central obesity was defined as that in the upper quartile of age and sex specific WHR. Subjects were classified into no central obesity normal weight (NW), central obesity normal weight (CONW), no central obesity overweight (OW), and central obesity overweight (COOW).Results. The prevalence of CONW was 9.6% (83/832) in female and 7.0% (61/909) in male. CONW showed higher levels of insulin (P<0.006), HOMA-IR (P<0.006), and ALT (P<0.001) than NW in female. CONW had higher levels of insulin (P<0.0001), HOMA-IR (P<0.0001), and WBC count (P<0.021) and lower level of HDL (P<0.0001) than NW in male. WHR and BMI had similar significant correlations with MS components. CONW showed 2.5 times (95% confidence interval, 1.21–5.00) more likelihood to have high insulin resistance than NW in male.Conclusions. Screening for central obesity using WHR in clinical setting is recommended.

scholarly journals Dietary quality indices vary with sociodemographic variables and anthropometric status among Mexican adults: a cross-sectional study. Results from the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1717-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xochitl Ponce ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Verónica Mundo-Rosas ◽  
Teresa Shamah ◽  
Simón Barquera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mexican Adults

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the dietary quality of Mexican adults’ diet, we constructed three dietary quality indices: a cardioprotective index (CPI), a micronutrient adequacy index (MAI) and a dietary diversity index (DDI).DesignData were derived from the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey, which is a national survey representative of the Mexican population with a stratified, multistage, probabilistic sample design. Dietary intake was assessed from an FFQ with 101 different foods and daily nutrient intakes were computed. The CPI evaluated compliance with seven WHO recommendations for the prevention of CVD, the MAI evaluated the intake of six micronutrients based on the estimated average requirements from the US Institute of Medicine and the DDI was constructed based on the consumption of thirty different food groups.SettingsMexico.SubjectsMexican adults aged 19–59 years old.ResultsWe evaluated the diet of 15 675 males and females. Adjusted means and adjusted proportions by age and sex were computed to predict adherence to dietary recommendations. Rural inhabitants, those living in the South and those from the lowest socio-economic status reported a significantly higher CPI (4·5 (se 0·08), 4·3 (se 0·08) and 4·2 (se 0·09), respectively; P < 0·05), but a significantly lower MAI and DDI, compared with urban inhabitants, those from the North and those of upper socio-economic status (P < 0·05).ConclusionsThe constructed diet quality indices identify nutrients and foods whose recommended intakes are not adequately consumed by the population. Given the epidemiological and nutritional transition that Mexico is experiencing, the CPI is the most relevant index and its components should be considered in Mexican dietary guidelines as well as in any food and nutrition programmes developed.

Lo sviluppo dell'epidemiologia del life course

2009 ◽  
pp. 171-189
Author(s):  
David Blane ◽  
Juliet Stone ◽  
Gopal Netuveli
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Life Course Epidemiology ◽  
Accumulation Model ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Life Course

- The present paper reviews the development of life course epidemiology since its origins during the 1990s from biological programming, birth cohort research and the study of health inequalities. Methods of studying the life course are examined, including birth cohort studies, linked register datasets and epidemiological archaeology. Three models of life course epidemiology are described: critical periods, accumulation, and pathways. Their conceptual and empirical differentiation can be difficult, but it is argued that accumulation is the underlying social process driving life course trajectories, while the critical period and pathway models are distinguished by their concern with specific types of aetiological process. Among the advantages of the accumulation model are predictive power, aetiological insights, contributions to health inequality debates and social policy implications. It is emphasised that the life course approach is not opposed to, or an alternative to, a concern with cross-sectional and current effects; major social disruption can have a large and immediate impact on health. Other limitations of the life course approach include a spectrum of impact (life course effects can be strong in relation to physiology, but often are weaker in relation to behaviour and psychological reactions to everyday life) and, more speculatively, the possibility that life course effects are diluted in the older age groups where morbidity and mortality are highest. Three issues for the future of life course epidemiology are identified. Many life course data are collected retrospectively. We need to know which items of information are recalled with what degree of accuracy over how many decades; and what methods of collecting these retrospective data maximise accuracy and duration. Second, the two partners in life course research need to take more seriously each other's disciplines. Social scientists need to be more critical of such measures as self-assessed health, which lacks an aetiology and hence biological plausibility. Natural scientists need to be more critical of such concepts as socio-economic status, which lacks social plausibility because it fails to distinguish between social location and social prestige. Finally, European comparative studies can play an important part in the future development of life course epidemiology if they build on the emerging infrastructure of European comparative research. Key words: life course epidemiology, life course trajectories, life course data, social inequalities, accumulation model, socio-economic status. Parole chiave: epidemiologia del corso di vita, traiettorie di vita, dati del corso di vita, disuguaglianze sociali, modello di accumulazione, status socio-economico

scholarly journals Measuring Livelihood Diversification and Forest Conservation Choices: Insights from Rural Cameroon

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Kimengsi ◽  
Jürgen Pretzsch ◽  
Mukong Kechia ◽  
Symphorien Ongolo
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Forest Activities

While forests’ contribution to rural livelihoods has been unearthed scientifically, the patterns, determinants and forest conservation policy implications of livelihood diversification still beg for more scientific and policy edification. This paper makes a contribution in this regard, using household data (N = 200) from eight villages around the Kilum-Ijim Forest Landscape of Cameroon. The ordinary least square and the logit model are used to explore the determinants of livelihood diversification and the likelihood of forest dependence, respectively. The diversification patterns were analysed using a simple t-test, and the multinomial logit for conservation choices. We find that forest-related activities are a source of livelihood diversification for 63% of households, with non-timber forest products (NTFP) domestication (31%) and medicinal plant extraction (30%) being the most preferred. For non-forest activities, migration is the most preferred diversification strategy. Generally, households with favourable socio-economic status prefer non-forest to forest activities for livelihood diversification. The regression estimates indicate that older respondents are more likely to depend on the forest than the young, whereas males and individuals with at least some secondary education are less likely than their respective counterparts to rely on the forest. The results also suggest those who participated in training, educated household heads and older individuals are significantly more likely to choose high-valued diversification strategies. Concerning conservation activities, households with favourable socio-economic status are on average less likely to adopt NTFP domestication and more likely to adopt bee-keeping as a conservation choice. The results suggest the need for policy considerations to: (i) effectively integrate women in forest management processes, (ii) intensify trainings for conservation-friendly diversification approaches, (iii) regulate unclean energy use and (iv) encourage value chain improvement for conservation-friendly products.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the MetSLIM lifestyle intervention targeting individuals of low socio-economic status and different ethnic origins with elevated waist-to-height ratio

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2617-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J Bukman ◽  
Dorit Teuscher ◽  
Agnes Meershoek ◽  
Reint Jan Renes ◽  
Marleen A van Baak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether the lifestyle intervention MetSLIM targeting individuals of low socio-economic status of Turkish, Moroccan and Dutch origin was successful in improving waist circumference and other cardiometabolic risk factors, lifestyle behaviour and quality of life.DesignA quasi-experimental intervention study (Netherlands Trial Register NTR3721). The intervention group participated in a 12-month combined dietary and physical activity programme. Examinations were performed at baseline and after 12 months. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements and blood withdrawal, and completed questionnaires on dietary intake, physical activity and quality of life.SettingSocio-economically deprived neighbourhoods in two Dutch cities, involving non-blinded ethnicity-matched and gender-matched research assistants, dietitians and sports instructors.SubjectsMainly Turkish (49 %) and Dutch (36 %) subjects, aged 30–70 years, with a waist-to-height ratio of &gt;0·5 (intervention,n117; control,n103). Dropout was 31 %.ResultsAt 12 months, the intervention group showed greater improvements than the control group in waist circumference (β=−3·3 cm, 95 % CI −4·7, −1·8,P&lt;0·001) and other obesity measures. Additionally, greater reductions were observed for total cholesterol (β=−0·33 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·56, −0·10,P=0·005) and LDL cholesterol (β=−0·35 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·56, −0·14,P=0·001). Dietary changes were significant for fibre intake (β=1·5 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal), 95 % CI 0·3, 2·7,P=0·016). Compared with the control group, the intervention group reported a decrease in total minutes of physical activity (β=−573 min/week, 95 % CI −1126, −21,P=0·042) and showed improvements in the quality-of-life domains ‘health transition’ and ‘general health’.ConclusionsMetSLIM was shown to be effective in improving waist circumference, total and LDL cholesterol, and quality of life among Dutch and Turkish individuals living in deprived neighbourhoods.

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