scholarly journals Men’s attitudes toward mask-wearing during COVID-19: Understanding the complexities of mask-ulinity

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532199079
Author(s):  
James R Mahalik ◽  
Michael Di Bianca ◽  
Michael P Harris
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vulnerable Persons

Path analyses indicated that the relationship between conformity to masculine norms (CMN) and attitudes toward mask-wearing to protect from COVID-19 was mediated by perceived benefits, perceived barriers, confidence in the scientific community, and empathy toward vulnerable persons, and that political ideology moderated the indirect effects from CMN to men’s attitudes. Efforts to improve men’s participation in combatting COVID-19 should address the perceptions and attitudes related to conforming to traditional masculine norms and moderated by political ideology, and might reconstruct masculinity to focus on being a guardian and protector of public health.

scholarly journals Political Ideology Predicts Perceptions of the Threat of COVID-19 (and Susceptibility to Fake News About It)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin P. Calvillo ◽  
Bryan J. Ross ◽  
Ryan J. B. Garcia ◽  
Thomas J. Smelter ◽  
Abraham M. Rutchick
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Issue Framing ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Presidential Approval ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

The present research examined the relationship between political ideology and perceptions of the threat of COVID-19. Due to Republican leadership’s initial downplaying of COVID-19 and the resulting partisan media coverage, we predicted that conservatives would perceive it as less threatening. Two preregistered online studies supported this prediction. Conservatism was associated with perceiving less personal vulnerability to the virus and the virus’s severity as lower, and stronger endorsement of the beliefs that the media had exaggerated the virus’s impact and that the spread of the virus was a conspiracy. Conservatism also predicted less accurate discernment between real and fake COVID-19 headlines and fewer accurate responses to COVID-19 knowledge questions. Path analyses suggested that presidential approval, knowledge about COVID-19, and news discernment mediated the relationship between ideology and perceived vulnerability. These results suggest that the relationship between political ideology and threat perceptions may depend on issue framing by political leadership and media.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Masculinity and Internalized Homophobia amongst Australian Gay Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5475
Author(s):  
Jack Thepsourinthone ◽  
Tinashe Dune ◽  
Pranee Liamputtong ◽  
Amit Arora
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Internalized Homophobia ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the heterosexist ideals associated with gender norms, gay men often experience negative attitudes towards their own sexuality—internalized homophobia. As a result, gay men often feel compelled to compensate for their perceived lack of masculinity. The study aimed to investigate the relationship and predictive power of masculinity on gay men’s experiences of internalized homophobia. A sample of 489 self-identified Australian gay men 18–72 years old participated in an online survey on masculinity and homosexuality. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and sequential multiple regressions were used to test the study’s aims. Sequential multiple regressions revealed that conformity to masculine norms and threats to masculinity contingency were stronger predictors of internalized homophobia over and above demographic and other factors. Given the already known psychological risks associated with social isolation, internalized homophobia, and the poor mental health outcomes associated with sexual minority groups, it is suggested that gay men who are experiencing high degrees of internalized homophobia should not be distancing themselves from other gay men but, conversely, seek a strong relationship with the LGBTI community.

Men and Depression: The Impact of Masculine Role Norms Throughout the Lifespan

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Rice ◽  
Barry Fallon ◽  
Matthew Bambling
Keyword(s):  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Norms ◽  
The Relationship

While the etiology of gender roles across the lifespan remains a matter for debate, conformity to masculine norms has been associated with poorer physical and mental health outcomes amongst men. This study reports data from two online samples of Australian men (Ns = 343, 525), focusing on age group differences for masculinity and depression. Consistent with prediction, cross-sectional data reported that conformity to masculine norms attenuated throughout the lifespan. Further, both samples indicated that the relationship between masculinity and depression increased with age. Findings are interpreted within the context of men resolving gender role–related conflicts across the lifespan.

Energy Drink Use and Its Relationship to Masculinity, Jock Identity, and Fraternity Membership Among Men

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Wimer ◽  
Ronald F. Levant
Keyword(s):  
Energy Drink ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculinity Ideology ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Traditional Masculinity ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined whether previous findings linking masculinity constructs and health behaviors applied to a relatively recent health risk behavior for men, the consumption of energy drinks. In addition, it also examined whether self-identifying as a jock and being a member of a fraternity would moderate the relationships between masculinity constructs and energy drink consumption. A total of 589 men completed measures of three masculinity constructs (endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology, conformity to masculine norms, and gender role conflict), energy drink consumption, jock identity, and fraternity membership, in addition to a demographic questionnaire. Age, endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology, and conforming to the masculine norms of risk taking and primacy of work were identified to be significant predictors of energy drink consumption. Furthermore, jock identity moderated the relationship between the endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology and energy drink consumption whereas fraternity membership moderated the relationship between conforming to the masculine norm of violence and energy drink consumption. Limitations, implications, and potential future directions are discussed.

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