Supplemental Material for Meta-Analyses of the Relationship Between Conformity to Masculine Norms and Mental Health-Related Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Men’s attitudes toward mask-wearing during COVID-19: Understanding the complexities of mask-ulinity

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532199079
Author(s):  
James R Mahalik ◽  
Michael Di Bianca ◽  
Michael P Harris
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vulnerable Persons

Path analyses indicated that the relationship between conformity to masculine norms (CMN) and attitudes toward mask-wearing to protect from COVID-19 was mediated by perceived benefits, perceived barriers, confidence in the scientific community, and empathy toward vulnerable persons, and that political ideology moderated the indirect effects from CMN to men’s attitudes. Efforts to improve men’s participation in combatting COVID-19 should address the perceptions and attitudes related to conforming to traditional masculine norms and moderated by political ideology, and might reconstruct masculinity to focus on being a guardian and protector of public health.

Adherence to Masculine Norms and Depressive Symptoms in Young Black Men

Social Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Janelle R Goodwill ◽  
Natasha C Johnson ◽  
Daphne C Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Survey Responses

Abstract Recent reports have highlighted disparities in representation of Black men within research, calling for more work to be done with this group. The authors take up this call by exploring whether adherence to masculine norms influences mental health outcomes among young Black men. The sample included survey responses from 18- to 30-year-old Black men (N = 273) enrolled at five colleges and universities in the midwestern United States. Two theoretically relevant subscales from the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (that is, self-reliance and emotional control) were used to measure adherence to masculine norms, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicate that the model fit the data well. Furthermore, self-reliance was associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms (β = .358, p < .001), but emotional control was not (β = .137, p = .099). Study findings suggest that depression treatment interventions should be tailored to incorporate aspects of masculinity that are most salient to young Black men. In addition, social work researchers, clinicians, and service providers are uniquely positioned to contribute to the promotion of mental wellness among this underserved population and should be prepared to attend to young Black men’s mental health needs.

scholarly journals The association between mental health and physical fitness in Norwegian adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Åvitsland ◽  
Eva Leibinger ◽  
Tommy Haugen ◽  
Øystein Lerum ◽  
Runar Barstad Solberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Studies indicate that cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and body composition are associated with mental health. However, research is scarce concerning this relationship in young adolescents in general and non-existent in Norwegian populations specifically. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between different health-related aspects of physical fitness and self-reported mental health in Norwegian adolescents. Methods: Participants from four regions of Norway (n = 1486; mean age = 13.9; girls = 50.6%) completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and were measured for cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and body composition. Linear mixed effects models were conducted to assess the associations between the health-related aspects of physical fitness and the total difficulties score of the questionnaire. Results: Body composition was not associated with total difficulties score. Muscular strength independently was associated with total difficulties score, but when all independent variables were entered in the fully adjusted model, only cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with total difficulties score. School clusters were included as random effects and all models were controlled for sex, socioeconomic status and birthplace (domestic or foreign). Conclusions: A small but significant negative association between cardiorespiratory fitness and total difficulties score indicated that higher cardiorespiratory fitness predicted better mental health in Norwegian adolescents. The results suggest that muscular strength is not associated with mental health in adolescents, when controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness. Future research on how exercise affects mental health should investigate whether there is a greater effect for participants who improve their cardiorespiratory fitness.

scholarly journals Pregnant Women’s Health-related Behavior Changes and Psychological Status After the Peak of COVID-19 Outbreak in China: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Tian ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
Che Deng ◽  
Zhijie Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Abstract Background: Little is known about the relationship between health-related behavior and psychological status of pregnant women during the COVID-19 outbreak. We aimed to describe the health-related behavior changes and psychological status of Chinese pregnant women, and to explore the relationship between pregnant women’s characteristics, health-related behavior and different psychological status following the peak of COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: We conducted an online survey through social media (WeChat) from March 14 to April 7. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate Chinese pregnant women’s health-related behavior changes. Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Perceived Stress Scale were used to assess anxiety, depression and stress among pregnant women. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare health-related behavior changes before and during the COVID-19 outbreak and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis or logistic regression analysis were used to explore the relationships between variables.Results: A total of 113 pregnant women were included in this study. Most pregnant women wore masks (98.2%), changed location or tried to stay away from those who seem to have a cold or fever (99.1%) and washed hands more often than before (96.5%). Pregnant women washed hands with soap or hand sanitizer more often and went out less often than before the outbreak. There were 41.6% pregnant women who didn’t have antenatal visits or weren’t on time for antenatal visits. Majority (77.9%) pregnant women sought help when feeling panic or anxiety, whereas few turned to psychological workers. The rates of pregnant women with anxiety, depression and health risk stress were 64.6%, 58.4% and 54.9%, respectively. Analysis of relationship between variables showed that household income, gestational age, pregnancy complications, knowledge about COVID-19 and maternal and child protection, perception of the likelihood of infection, the frequency of going out, prenatal check-up behavior, help-seeking behavior were significantly associated or correlated with psychological status. Conclusions: Attention should be paid to the mental health of pregnant women with specific health-related behaviors changes. Screening for mental health problems and psychological interventions among pregnant women are needed.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of sports participation on the mental health and wellbeing of adolescents in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia McGifford
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The physical health benefits of sports participation have been well-established, however, the influences on mental health and wellbeing may still be unclear (Slater & Tiggemann, 2011; Steiner et al., 2000). The argument currently stands that sports participation has positive influences on mental health and wellbeing for adolescents, however, there are movements towards the concept that the sporting environment may foster negative experiences for adolescents. Two studies were conducted in order to assess the relationship between sports participation and wellbeing. Study One firstly examined sex differences and effect of sports participation on wellbeing. Consistent with previous research, females demonstrated higher levels of depression and anxiety, while males exhibited higher levels of self-esteem. Sports participation only influenced levels of depression, and not anxiety or self-esteem. Self-esteem mediated the relationship between gender and wellbeing, while sports participation did not. Study Two investigated the effect of sports participation on the wellbeing of adolescent males in New Zealand. A particular focus was taken on the possible negative influence New Zealand rugby culture may have on wellbeing. Contrary to previous research, sports participation did not have an effect on depression, anxiety, stress, conformity to masculine norms or sporting identity. Those who played an individual sport had higher levels of self-esteem and sports orientation compared to those who did not play sports, but not team sports or rugby. This research is one of the first to look at male adolescents and more specifically rugby culture and its effects on wellbeing. Mixed results from Study One and Two indicate that there are possibly gaps in the theory about sports participation and its effect of wellbeing, suggesting that further research is needed to expand the knowledge around this relationship.</p>

scholarly journals The Relationship between Masculinity and Internalized Homophobia amongst Australian Gay Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5475
Author(s):  
Jack Thepsourinthone ◽  
Tinashe Dune ◽  
Pranee Liamputtong ◽  
Amit Arora
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Internalized Homophobia ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the heterosexist ideals associated with gender norms, gay men often experience negative attitudes towards their own sexuality—internalized homophobia. As a result, gay men often feel compelled to compensate for their perceived lack of masculinity. The study aimed to investigate the relationship and predictive power of masculinity on gay men’s experiences of internalized homophobia. A sample of 489 self-identified Australian gay men 18–72 years old participated in an online survey on masculinity and homosexuality. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and sequential multiple regressions were used to test the study’s aims. Sequential multiple regressions revealed that conformity to masculine norms and threats to masculinity contingency were stronger predictors of internalized homophobia over and above demographic and other factors. Given the already known psychological risks associated with social isolation, internalized homophobia, and the poor mental health outcomes associated with sexual minority groups, it is suggested that gay men who are experiencing high degrees of internalized homophobia should not be distancing themselves from other gay men but, conversely, seek a strong relationship with the LGBTI community.

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