scholarly journals Who owns desistance? A triad of agency enabling social structures in the desistance process

2020 ◽  
pp. 136248062096808
Author(s):  
Katherine Albertson ◽  
Jake Phillips ◽  
Andrew Fowler ◽  
Beth Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Structures ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Agency And Structure

Theories of desistance assert agency is a prerequisite to the process; agency which can be enabled or curtailed by social structures. We present data from six community hub sites that hosted probation services in the UK in 2019. While our analysis identifies agency enabling institutional and relational structures across the different hub governance sub-types in our sample, these were clearest in hubs run in the community by the community. This article contributes a triad of core enabling social structures that operate at the intersection between agency and structure in the desistance process. The significance of our findings is that the ownership question is key to the expedition of enabling social structures.

scholarly journals Ontology of opposition online. Representing antagonistic structures on the Internet

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Krämer ◽  
Nina Springer
Keyword(s):  
Social Structures ◽  
Conflict Behavior ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Interpretative Analysis ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Research on cooperative social structures and particular types of conflict behavior online is readily available. However, the field lacks a framework to analyze how antagonistic structures are represented on online platforms. Social structures can be represented formally (manifestly) or informally (in open verbal or visual forms) or remain latent - a distinction that has received little scholarly attention in the analysis of computermediated communication. Based on an interpretative analysis of relational structures and types of acts, we distinguish structural elements that lead us to empirical typologies of antagonistic structures and an analysis of whether and how they are represented online. We develop theses about why some structures are formally represented more often than others and theorize the consequences of this selective representation.

scholarly journals Transforming Agency and Structure for Facilitating Pro-Poor Governance in Community Forestry

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Ram Banjade ◽  
Netra Prasad Timsina ◽  
Hari Raj Neupane ◽  
Kamal Bhandari ◽  
Tara Bhattarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Community Forest User Groups ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Agency And Structure ◽  
Forest User

Nepali society is differentiated by hierarchical and discriminatory social structures struggling for transformation. This culture is also reflected in the practices of Community Forestry. Community Forestry is expected to contribute to improved livelihoods within communities through forest management, ensuring social justice through the provision of better spaces and positions to poor and disadvantaged groups. Based on the lessons of nine Community Forest User Groups of seven districts of the hill and Terai regions of Nepal, we propose a more inclusive and interactive process, known as ‘Social and Transformative Learning' or ‘Action and Learning', which has greater ability to transform both agency and structure to ensure deliberative and pro-poor governance. Key words: agency and structure, pro-poor governance, transformative learning, community forestry doi: 10.3126/jfl.v5i1.1978 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 5(1) February, 2006 pp.22-33

Scotland as a Political Community

2020 ◽  
pp. xx-19
Author(s):  
Michael Keating
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Homogeneous Unit

Modern perspectives on Scotland see it neither as an undifferentiated part of a unitary nation state, nor as a radically distinct or ‘ethnic’ community. Rather it is a component nation within a union, which itself changes over time. Since the late twentieth century, Scotland has become more important as a political community and at the end of the century it gained an autonomous Parliament. It is not a homogeneous unit but a space in which political contestation takes place. Even as it increasingly resembles the rest of the UK in its economic and social structures and values, it is politically differentiated. Devolution in 1999 started an institutional dynamic whose effects are still being worked out. Scotland now has a distinct party system. Its constitutional future is unresolved after the independence referendum of 2014 and the European referendum of 2016, in which Scotland voted to remain in the European Union whilst England and Wales voted to leave.

scholarly journals ‘A leap forward’? Critiquing the criminalisation of domestic abuse in Northern Ireland

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-617
Author(s):  
Rachel Killean
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Coercive Control ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Do So

Following in the footsteps of other jurisdictions across the UK and Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland is currently taking steps to criminalise ‘domestic abuse’. The proposed offence is strongly influenced by research into ‘coercive control’, a framing popularised by Evan Stark that captures both physical and nonphysical forms of abuse. In this article, I introduce the Northern Ireland Domestic Abuse and Family Proceedings Bill, before analysing its likely impacts on victim-survivors. To do so, I draw from three key critiques of criminalisation that have emerged from both reformist and anti-carceral feminist scholarship: first, that implementation will pose practical challenges; second, that criminalisation will result in a range of unintended harms; and, third, that criminalisation alone is an ineffective response to domestic abuse. In light of these critiques, I argue for a more holistic response, which considers the underlying social structures and dynamics that contextualise the phenomenon of domestic abuse.

Information Systems Development

2010 ◽  
pp. 550-559
Author(s):  
Angela Mattia ◽  
Heinz Roland Weistroffer
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Information Systems Development ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Participation Process

Conventional wisdom has it that user participation in information systems development (ISD) is essential for systems success. Though the significance of user participation to systems success has been much discussed in the literature, results from empirical studies are inconsistent and suggest, that perhaps new avenues need to be explored. One approach may be viewing user participation as a social network that is, looking at the emergence of social structures and their technological expressions during the user participation process. In this chapter, a framework is presented that organizes user participation approaches that emerge from the different worldviews existing within organizations. This user participation approach (UPA) framework is used as the structure for the systematic arrangement of user participation approaches into a fourfold taxonomy based on extrinsic information attributed to them in the literature. In addition, a categorical analysis and social network analysis (SNA) are used to map and visualize the relationships between analyst and users, thus providing a conceptual and visual representation of the relational structures.

Information Systems Development

2010 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Angela Mattia ◽  
Heinz Roland Weistroffer
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Information Systems Development ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Participation Process

Conventional wisdom has it that user participation in information systems development (ISD) is essential for systems success. Though the significance of user participation to systems success has been much discussed in the literature, results from empirical studies are inconsistent and suggest, that perhaps new avenues need to be explored. One approach may be viewing user participation as a social network that is, looking at the emergence of social structures and their technological expressions during the user participation process. In this chapter, a framework is presented that organizes user participation approaches that emerge from the different worldviews existing within organizations. This user participation approach (UPA) framework is used as the structure for the systematic arrangement of user participation approaches into a fourfold taxonomy based on extrinsic information attributed to them in the literature. In addition, a categorical analysis and social network analysis (SNA) are used to map and visualize the relationships between analyst and users, thus providing a conceptual and visual representation of the relational structures.

scholarly journals A Study on the Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu and Conducting Social Research with Gypsy / Roma Groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Elif Gezgin ◽  
Margaret Greenfields
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Roma People ◽  
Structural Impacts ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Agency And Structure

In social science discourse, the dichotomy between agency and structure tends to dominate debates pertaining to identity construction. When complex social facts are viewed through a simplistic prism of either individual activities or dominant structural impacts is likely to lead to a conclusion, - particularly when the subjects of research are members of communities at risk of vulnerability which are merely two-dimensional; omitting essential elements and interplays of circumstances, agency and structures which can rapidly shift dependent on both personal and external contexts and stressors. In this article, we discuss ways of utilising Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical model to explore the potential for creating a more nuanced theory of identity construction in the context of case studies focused on Gypsy/Roma(ni) people, whose identities depend both on internal identifications and those of the (dominant) groups with whom they live. We also aim to consider how in two widely contrasting international contexts – that of Roma people in Turkey and Gypsy/Traveller communities in the UK – use of Bourdieuian analysis provides appropriate tools that enable an analysis of daily living and the associated sense of active agency of these populations without minimising or excluding the structural effects which impact them. This approach enables a nuanced relational approach to understanding Gypsy/Roma(ni) groups’ identity construction in its entirety, whilst taking account of the specific geographical context  in which the populations reside. 

scholarly journals Modelling pooling strategies for SARS-CoV-2 testing in a university setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gibran Hemani ◽  
Amy C Thomas ◽  
Josephine G. Walker ◽  
Adam Trickey ◽  
Emily Nixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Pooling Strategies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
University Setting

AbstractPre-symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are important elements in the Covid-19 pandemic, and until vaccines are made widely available there remains a reliance on testing to manage the spread of the disease, alongside non-pharmaceutical interventions such as measures to reduce close social interactions. In the UK, many universities opened for blended learning for the 2020-2021 academic year, with a mixture of face to face and online teaching. In this study we present a simulation framework to evaluate the effectiveness of different asymptomatic testing strategies within a university setting, across a range of transmission scenarios. We show that when positive cases are clustered by known social structures, such as student households, the pooling of samples by these social structures can substantially reduce the total cost of conducting RT-qPCR tests. We also note that routine recording of quantitative RT-qPCR results would facilitate future modelling studies.

scholarly journals The Community Asset Transfer of Leisure Facilities in the UK: A Review and Research Agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1172
Author(s):  
Geoff Nichols ◽  
Lindsay Findlay-King ◽  
Deborah Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
Asset Transfer ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Leisure Facilities ◽  
Agency And Structure

AbstractThis paper reviews recent work on community asset transfers (CAT): a transfer of management of facilities from the public sector to the third sector, largely led by volunteers. The emergence of CATs is placed in the context of the development of community organisations and their relation to the state. Transfer has been stimulated by cuts in local government budgets since 2010. The review focusses on leisure facilities because these are non-statutory and so more vulnerable to cuts in public expenditure. The experience of CATs is reviewed, including: the motivations of local government and volunteers; the transfer process and management of CATs post-transfer; and the market position of facility types. The methodological approaches and theoretical frameworks used in research are contrasted; in particular, how these have balanced agency and structure in analysing a contested neoliberalist discourse. The practicalities of research in this area are considered before concluding with research questions.

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