scholarly journals Cross-ethnic friendship self-efficacy: A new predictor of cross-ethnic friendships among children

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabahat C. Bagci ◽  
Lindsey Cameron ◽  
Rhiannon N. Turner ◽  
Catarina Morais ◽  
Afiya Carby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Friendship Quality ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prior Contact

Across two studies ( NStudy 1 = 101; NStudy 2 = 262) conducted among children in the UK, we incorporate Bandura’s (1986) self-efficacy theory to intergroup contact literature and introduce the new construct of cross-ethnic friendship self-efficacy (CEFSE), the belief that one can successfully form and maintain high-quality cross-ethnic friendships. Study 1 examined whether sources of CEFSE beliefs (prior contact, indirect contact, social norms, and intergroup anxiety) predicted higher quality cross-ethnic friendships through CEFSE. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and extended it by including perceived parental cross-ethnic friendship quality as a further predictor. In both studies, sources of self-efficacy beliefs (except social norms) were related to CEFSE, which predicted higher quality cross-ethnic friendships. Study 2 demonstrated that parental cross-ethnic friendships had direct and indirect associations with children’s cross-ethnic friendships through sources of CEFSE and CEFSE beliefs. Findings are discussed in the light of self-efficacy and intergroup contact theories.

Reducing Prejudice Through Narratives

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Moyer-Gusé ◽  
Katherine R. Dale ◽  
Michelle Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions

Abstract. Recent extensions to the contact hypothesis reveal that different forms of contact, such as mediated intergroup contact, can reduce intergroup anxiety and improve attitudes toward the outgroup. This study draws on existing research to further consider the role of identification with an ingroup character within a narrative depicting intergroup contact between Muslim and non-Muslim Americans. Results reveal that identification with the non-Muslim (ingroup) model facilitated liking the Muslim (outgroup) model, which reduced prejudice toward Muslims more generally. Identification with the ingroup model also increased conversational self-efficacy and reduced anxiety about future intergroup interactions – both important aspects of improving intergroup relations.

scholarly journals “Welcome to our neighbourhood”: Collective confidence in contact facilitates successful mixing in residential settings

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843022096115
Author(s):  
Clifford Stevenson ◽  
Rhiannon Turner ◽  
Sebastiano Costa
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Intergroup Encounters ◽  
Using Data

Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to the antecedents of intergroup contact and, in particular, self-efficacy to engage in intergroup encounters. Contact self-efficacy has been shown to reduce intergroup anxiety and increase willingness to engage in future contact, and is influenced by the positive contact experiences of other group members. However, this work has neglected the collective nature of self-efficacy and, indeed, has typically counterposed the effects of contact and collective efficacy upon group behaviour. We highlight the potential role that collective efficacy can play in facilitating intergroup contact and propose a new concept to capture this phenomenon: collective confidence in contact (CCIC). Using data from two neighbourhood surveys in contrasting areas of Nottingham City, (UK), we show in our first survey ( n = 124) that CCIC is predicted by group identity and that this, in turn, predicts intergroup contact and feelings. In a second survey ( n = 232), we show that the effects of identity and support on CCIC are further mediated by a reduction in intergroup anxiety. We propose that the concept of CCIC returns the understanding of contact to the intergroup level, thereby allowing issues of group identity and the generalisation of contact effects to be investigated more directly.

scholarly journals Patient empowerment, eating behaviours and illness control: pre-post outcomes from DWELL delivery in UK and France

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Morris ◽  
E Hatzidimitriadou ◽  
S Manship ◽  
S Hulbert ◽  
J Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Diabetes self-management programmes can improve clinical and healthy lifestyle outcomes. Research has demonstrated that improved engagement with type 2 diabetes (T2D) care is associated with greater empowerment beliefs and a perceived internal control over their illness. As part of the DWELL evaluation study, an interim subset of 139 participants in the UK and 53 participants in France were assessed pre- and post-intervention on measures of weight, BMI, waist circumference and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as self-efficacy beliefs (DES-SF), healthy eating behaviours (DEBQ) and perceptions of illness (IPQ-R). Pre-post comparisons in both countries demonstrated statistically significant decreases in weight (UK: Z = 6.71, p<.001, FR: Z = 3.33, p<.05), BMI (UK: Z = 6.70, p<.001, FR: Z = 3.21, p<.05), waist circumference (UK: Z = 6.71, p<.001, FR: Z = 3.24, p<.05),and HbA1c (UK: Z = 6.29, p<.001, FR: Z = 4.18, p <.001). Importantly, participation in the DWELL programme was associated with increased self-efficacy beliefs (UK: Z = 5.63, p<.001, FR: Z = 5.54, p<.001), greater perceived personal control over their diabetes (UK: Z = 3.17, p<.05, FR: Z = 2.20, p<.05), reduced negative feelings about their illness (UK: Z = 3.01, p <.05, FR: Z = 2.19, p<.05) and decreased eating in response to external food cues (UK: Z = 3.79, p<.001, FR: Z = 2.34, p<.05). In the UK, participants also reported an increased optimism for treatment control of their diabetes (Z = 3.06, p <.05) and for their long-term prognosis (Z = 1.99, p<.05).These preliminary findings support the efficacy of the DWELL programme in improving diabetes-related biomedical outcomes, as well as improvements in patient empowerment, healthy eating habits and increased perceived illness control. Further analysis, available at a later date, will include a larger sample of participants, including longitudinal data with follow-ups six- and 12- months post participation in the DWELL programme.

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

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