scholarly journals Patient empowerment, eating behaviours and illness control: pre-post outcomes from DWELL delivery in UK and France

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Morris ◽  
E Hatzidimitriadou ◽  
S Manship ◽  
S Hulbert ◽  
J Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Diabetes self-management programmes can improve clinical and healthy lifestyle outcomes. Research has demonstrated that improved engagement with type 2 diabetes (T2D) care is associated with greater empowerment beliefs and a perceived internal control over their illness. As part of the DWELL evaluation study, an interim subset of 139 participants in the UK and 53 participants in France were assessed pre- and post-intervention on measures of weight, BMI, waist circumference and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as self-efficacy beliefs (DES-SF), healthy eating behaviours (DEBQ) and perceptions of illness (IPQ-R). Pre-post comparisons in both countries demonstrated statistically significant decreases in weight (UK: Z = 6.71, p<.001, FR: Z = 3.33, p<.05), BMI (UK: Z = 6.70, p<.001, FR: Z = 3.21, p<.05), waist circumference (UK: Z = 6.71, p<.001, FR: Z = 3.24, p<.05),and HbA1c (UK: Z = 6.29, p<.001, FR: Z = 4.18, p <.001). Importantly, participation in the DWELL programme was associated with increased self-efficacy beliefs (UK: Z = 5.63, p<.001, FR: Z = 5.54, p<.001), greater perceived personal control over their diabetes (UK: Z = 3.17, p<.05, FR: Z = 2.20, p<.05), reduced negative feelings about their illness (UK: Z = 3.01, p <.05, FR: Z = 2.19, p<.05) and decreased eating in response to external food cues (UK: Z = 3.79, p<.001, FR: Z = 2.34, p<.05). In the UK, participants also reported an increased optimism for treatment control of their diabetes (Z = 3.06, p <.05) and for their long-term prognosis (Z = 1.99, p<.05).These preliminary findings support the efficacy of the DWELL programme in improving diabetes-related biomedical outcomes, as well as improvements in patient empowerment, healthy eating habits and increased perceived illness control. Further analysis, available at a later date, will include a larger sample of participants, including longitudinal data with follow-ups six- and 12- months post participation in the DWELL programme.

scholarly journals Cross-ethnic friendship self-efficacy: A new predictor of cross-ethnic friendships among children

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabahat C. Bagci ◽  
Lindsey Cameron ◽  
Rhiannon N. Turner ◽  
Catarina Morais ◽  
Afiya Carby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Friendship Quality ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prior Contact

Across two studies ( NStudy 1 = 101; NStudy 2 = 262) conducted among children in the UK, we incorporate Bandura’s (1986) self-efficacy theory to intergroup contact literature and introduce the new construct of cross-ethnic friendship self-efficacy (CEFSE), the belief that one can successfully form and maintain high-quality cross-ethnic friendships. Study 1 examined whether sources of CEFSE beliefs (prior contact, indirect contact, social norms, and intergroup anxiety) predicted higher quality cross-ethnic friendships through CEFSE. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and extended it by including perceived parental cross-ethnic friendship quality as a further predictor. In both studies, sources of self-efficacy beliefs (except social norms) were related to CEFSE, which predicted higher quality cross-ethnic friendships. Study 2 demonstrated that parental cross-ethnic friendships had direct and indirect associations with children’s cross-ethnic friendships through sources of CEFSE and CEFSE beliefs. Findings are discussed in the light of self-efficacy and intergroup contact theories.

scholarly journals Predictors of changes in adolescents' consumption of fruits, vegetables and energy-dense snacks

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Pearson ◽  
Kylie Ball ◽  
David Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Snack Consumption ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors ◽  
Home Availability

Understanding the predictors of developmental changes in adolescent eating behaviours is important for the design of nutrition interventions. The present study examined associations between individual, social and physical environmental factors and changes in adolescent eating behaviours over 2 years. Consumption of fruits, vegetables and energy-dense snacks was assessed using a Web-based survey completed by 1850 adolescents from years 7 and 9 of secondary schools in Victoria, Australia, at baseline and 2 years later. Perceived value of healthy eating, self-efficacy for healthy eating, social modelling and support, and home availability and accessibility of foods were assessed at baseline. Self-efficacy for increasing fruit consumption was positively associated with the change in fruit and vegetable consumption, while self-efficacy for decreasing junk food consumption was inversely associated with the change in energy-dense snack consumption. Home availability of energy-dense foods was inversely associated with the change in fruit consumption and positively associated with the change in energy-dense snack consumption, while home availability of fruits and vegetables was positively associated with the change in vegetable consumption. Perceived value of healthy eating and modelling of healthy eating by mothers were positively associated with the change in fruit consumption. Support of best friends for healthy eating was positively associated with the change in vegetable consumption. Self-efficacy and home availability of foods appear to be consistent predictors of change in fruit, vegetable and energy-dense snack consumption. Future study should assess the effectiveness of methods to increase self-efficacy for healthy eating and to improve home availability of healthy food options in programmes promoting healthy eating among adolescents.

scholarly journals The effect of weight controllability beliefs on prejudice and self-efficacy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar B Thorsteinsson ◽  
Natasha M Loi ◽  
Dana Breadsell
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Weight Controllability

An experiment was conducted to test for the presence of prejudice towards obesity and whether weight controllability beliefs information reduces this prejudice and impacts on a person’s own healthy eating self-efficacy. The experiment randomly allocated 346 participants (49 males) into one of three conditions: controllable contributors toward obesity condition (e.g., information about personal control about diet and exercise); uncontrollable contributors toward obesity condition (e.g., information about genes, factors in society); and a control condition with no information given. Prejudice was present in 81% of the sample. High prejudice was predicted by low self-efficacy for exercise and weight. Weight controllability beliefs information had no significant effect on prejudice levels or exercise or healthy eating self-efficacy levels. Increasing self-efficacy for exercise and weight my help reduce prejudice towards obese individuals.

scholarly journals The effect of weight controllability beliefs on prejudice and self-efficacy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar B Thorsteinsson ◽  
Natasha M Loi ◽  
Dana Breadsell
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Weight Controllability

An experiment was conducted to test for the presence of prejudice towards obesity and whether weight controllability beliefs information reduces this prejudice and impacts on a person’s own healthy eating self-efficacy. The experiment randomly allocated 346 participants (49 males) into one of three conditions: controllable contributors toward obesity condition (e.g., information about personal control about diet and exercise); uncontrollable contributors toward obesity condition (e.g., information about genes, factors in society); and a control condition with no information given. Prejudice was present in 81% of the sample. High prejudice was predicted by low self-efficacy for exercise and weight. Weight controllability beliefs information had no significant effect on prejudice levels or exercise or healthy eating self-efficacy levels. Increasing self-efficacy for exercise and weight my help reduce prejudice towards obese individuals.

scholarly journals Health Promotion Intervention on Self-Efficacy for Fruits and Vegetables Consumption Among In-School Adolescents with Hearing Impairment in Southwestern, Nigeria (P10-026-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyimika Desmennu ◽  
Oyedunni Arulogun
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Promotion Intervention ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract Objectives Persons with hearing impairment are particularly disadvantaged in most studies related to Fruits and Vegetables (FV) consumption due to the hidden nature of their disability. This study was designed to assess the effect of Health Promotion Intervention on Self-Efficacy (SE) and practices related to consumption of FV among in-school adolescents with hearing impairment (HI) in Southwest, Nigeria. Methods The quasi-experimental study was carried out among students with HI attending special schools in Oyo and Lagos States. 320 students (156 in Experimental group-EG and 164 in control group-CG) were taken at baseline (BL) and 290 (153-EG and 137-CG) at post-intervention (PI). Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System(FV intake module) and Self–Rated Abilities Scale for Health Practices was used to collect data. Total score was 22 and cut-off point was 12; daily FV consumption ≥2x was considered adequate. Twelve-weeks intervention including training and on-site FV provision was implemented followed by a PI assessment. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, t-test, and logistic regression were used to analyse the data at α0.05 significance level. Results Age of respondents was 17.7 ± 2.8, awareness of FV consumption among EG and CG were 57.1% and 82.9% respectively. Consumption of FV among EG increased from 76.3% at BL to 100% at PI; reported FV consumption was adequate in 14.5% (EG) and 21.1% (CG) respondents at BL and 20.9% (EG) and 10.6% (CG) at PI. More of the EG (87.6%) would like FV served in their schools compared with 73.7% at BL. Age(P = 0.000), Ethnicity (P = 0.000), healthy eating awareness (P = 0.000), FV availability(P = 0.004) and SE(P = 0.001) were significantly associated with FV consumption among EG at PI. Self-efficacy significantly increased at PI(x̅ = 14.55) compared to BL(x̅ = 11.65) among EG and decreased at PI (x̅ = 12.59) compared to BL(x̅=13.52) among CG. Predictors of FV consumption among the EG included ethnicity (OR = 0.054; CI = 0.010–0.098), awareness of concept of FV consumption (OR = 0.079; CI = 0.022–0.135) and having pocket money (OR = 0.119; CI = 0.003–0.151). Conclusions The intervention increased self-efficacy for fruits and vegetable consumption among the target population. Factors contributing to fruits and vegetable consumption included age, ethnicity, awareness of healthy eating, availability and access to fruits and vegetables. Health promotion programming for persons living with disabilities is advocated. Funding Sources None - personally funded. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Parents’ perceived knowledge about food-related behaviours influencing speech-language competences of preschool children

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goreti Botelho ◽  
Emília Rodrigues ◽  
Rita Matos ◽  
Jorge Lameiras
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Perceived Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
The Impact

Purpose There is a relationship between eating behaviours and the development of speech-language competences during childhood. This study aims to evaluate the impact of interdisciplinary sessions on food and speech-language education with children’s parents. Design/methodology/approach The session was focused on healthy eating habits and behaviours that may improve or impair child speech competence. Using a self-administered questionnaire, before and immediately after the session, parents from 11 preschools, answered 12 questions, on a five-point Likert scale. Questionnaires from the final sample (n = 96) were statistically analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Findings Statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences in answers to six questions between pre and post intervention: items 1 (Z = −5.04; p < 0.001), 2 (Z = −3.68; p < 0.001), 3 (Z = −4.12; p < 0.001), 4 (Z = −5.87; p < 0.001), 9 (Z = −2.73; p = 0.006) and 12 (Z = −2.00; p = 0.046). The questionnaire responses after the session showed that parents became more aware of the relationship between the two areas addressed. In addition, the subjects presented more assertiveness in their answers after the educational intervention of the nutritionist and the speech therapist. Practical implications The study showed the importance of associating topics on food and speech-language education and both being addressed simultaneously to parents. The empowerment of parents and other caregivers about feeding and speech-language development may increase their motivation to foster child healthy eating behaviours. It is also desirable to extend this kind of interdisciplinary intervention to other preschools. Originality/value This study fulfils an identified need to study the perceived knowledge of parents about the food-related behaviours influencing speech-language competences of children.

scholarly journals The effect of weight controllability beliefs on prejudice and self-efficacy

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar B. Thorsteinsson ◽  
Natasha M. Loi ◽  
Dana Breadsell
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Weight Controllability

An experiment was conducted to test for the presence of prejudice towards obesity and whether weight controllability beliefs information reduces this prejudice and impacts on a person’s own healthy eating self-efficacy. The experiment randomly allocated 346 participants (49 males) into one of three conditions: controllable contributors toward obesity condition (e.g., information about personal control about diet and exercise); uncontrollable contributors toward obesity condition (e.g., information about genes, factors in society); and a control condition with no information given. Prejudice was present in 81% of the sample. High prejudice was predicted by low self-efficacy for exercise and weight. Weight controllability beliefs information had no significant effect on prejudice levels or exercise or healthy eating self-efficacy levels. Future research directions are discussed.

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

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