Health, Education and Employment Outcomes in Young Refugees in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sofie Borsch ◽  
Christopher Jamil de Montgomery ◽  
Karl Gauffin ◽  
Ketil Eide ◽  
Elli Heikkilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Migration Factors ◽  
Education And Employment

Objectives: Since 2000, approximately 500,000 refugees have settled in the Nordic countries, about a third of them being children and young people. To identify general trends, and to detect gaps in the existing knowledge about the socioeconomic and health status of these young refugees, this review discusses the literature regarding three key areas related to welfare policy: health, education and employment. Methods: A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, SocINDEX, Sociological Abstracts, Embase and Cochrane, and a search for publications from relevant institutions were undertaken. All publications had to be original quantitative studies published since 1980. The total number of studies identified was 1353, 25 publications were included. Results: Young refugees had poorer mental health than ethnic minority and native-born peers. Mental health problems were related to pre-migration experiences but also to post-migration factors, such as discrimination and poor social support. Refugees performed worse in school than native-born and few progressed to higher education. Experiencing less discrimination and having better Nordic language proficiency was associated with higher educational attainment. A higher proportion of refugees were unemployed or outside the labour force compared with other immigrants and native-born. Assessment instruments varied between studies, making comparisons difficult. Conclusions: The study suggests pre-migration factors but also post-migration conditions such as perceived discrimination, social support and Nordic language proficiency as important factors for the mental health, education and employment outcomes of young refugees in the Nordic countries. Further Nordic comparative research and studies focusing on the relationship between health, education and employment outcomes are needed.

Educational and Employment Patterns in Serious Adolescent Offenders With Mental Health Disorders: The Importance of Educational Attainment

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1660-1687
Author(s):  
Carol A. Schubert ◽  
Edward P. Mulvey ◽  
Samuel W. Hawes ◽  
Maryann Davis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Employment Patterns ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Education And Employment

This study examines employment and educational outcomes for justice-involved adolescents with and without mental health disorders in the Pathways to Desistance study. We examine the patterns of education and employment and the effects of several factors, including the presence of a mental health disorder, on these positive outcomes. Three findings emerge: (a) youth with mental health problems have a relatively high number of other criminogenic risk factors, (b) education and employment patterns do not differ by disorder status, and (c) the presence of a mental health disorder is not independently linked to poorer employment outcomes, but educational achievement is. These analyses provide information needed to target services for these adolescents in the juvenile justice system, who are at high risk for poor educational and employment outcomes. Results indicate a need for increased emphasis on higher levels of academic attainment as a way to promote positive employment outcomes in these youth.

scholarly journals The impact of health education videos on general public’s mental health and behavior during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Zhihua Wu ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Xiaohua Xiao ◽  
Jinnan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Health Related Behaviors ◽  
Health Related ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Background COVID-19 has seriously affected people's mental health and changed their behaviors. Previous studies for mental state and behavior promotion only targeted limited people or were not suitable for daily activity restrictions. Therefore, we decided to explore the effect of health education videos on people’s mental state and health-related behaviors. Methods Based on WeChat, QQ, and other social media, we conducted an online survey by snowball sampling. Spearman’s non-parametric method was used to analyze the correlation related to mental health problems and health-related behaviors. Besides, we used binary logistic regression analyses to examine mental health problems and health-related behaviors' predictors. We performed SPSS macro PROCESS (model 4 and model 6) to analyze mediation relationships between exposure to health education videos and depression/anxiety/health-related behaviors. These models were regarded as exploratory. Results Binary logistic regression analyses indicated that people who watched the health education videos were more likely to wear masks (OR 1.15, p < 0.001), disinfect (OR 1.26, p < 0.001), and take temperature (OR 1.37, p < 0.001). With higher level of posttraumatic growth (PTG) or perceived social support (PSS), people had lower percentage of depression (For PSS, OR 0.98, p < 0.001; For PTG, OR 0.98, p < 0.01) and anxiety (For PSS, OR 0.98, p < 0.001; For PTG, OR 0.98, p = 0.01) and better health behaviors. The serial multiple-mediation model supported the positive indirect effects of exposure to health education videos on the depression and three health-related behaviors through PSS and PTG (Depression: B[SE] =  − 0.0046 [0.0021], 95% CI − 0.0098, − 0.0012; Mask-wearing: B[SE] = 0.0051 [0.0023], 95% CI 0.0015, 0.0010; Disinfection: B[SE] = 0.0059 [0.0024], 95% CI 0.0024, 0.0012; Temperature-taking: B[SE] = 0.0067 [0.0026], 95% CI 0.0023, 0.0013). Conclusion Exposure to health education videos can improve people's self-perceived social support and inner growth and help them cope with the adverse impact of public health emergencies with better mental health and health-related behaviors.

scholarly journals Integration of refugees: the interactive dynamics of health, education and employment

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jervelund
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Education And Employment

Abstract Background Host countries have a great interest in the integration of refugees to decrease spending on social welfare services, increase social coherence and secure the labour force and economic growth. While recent political trends in the Nordic countries have been focusing on “employability” as a key to integration, the outcomes from education and employment on health has been less considered. The presentation sets the scene for the Nordic comparative research on refugee children and youth and motivates the focus on the interrelatedness of health, education and employment Methods The presentation will draw on existing theories and empirical literature as well as CAGE findings from comparative quantitative analysis of register data and qualitative studies based on interviews and observations. Results Socio-economic conditions impact health through many interrelated pathways, including risk and protecting factors in both the country of birth and in the host country, as well as age at migration. But poor health may also impair education and entry into the labor market, which is particularly relevant for the refugee population. Using a life course framework, the introduction will shed light on this interrelatedness reflected in the evidence from CAGE. Since varying welfare policies may shape the integration and life chances of young refugees in the Nordic countries differently, the gain of investigating this interrelatedness through Nordic comparisons will be underscored. Conclusions Welfare policies related to refugees need to take into account the interrelations between inclusive health care, successful education and entrance into the labour markets. Adapted educational programmes to catch-up with the majority population, training of integration officers at the local level and diversity competent health services may explain successful integration and give young refugees better life chances in exile.

Gendered experiences of unemployment, suicide and self-harm: a population-level record linkage study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
R. Cunningham ◽  
A. Milner ◽  
S. Gibb ◽  
V. Rijnberg ◽  
G. Disney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background Unemployment and being not in the labour force (NILF) are risk factors for suicide, but their association with self-harm is unclear, and there is continuing debate about the role of confounding by prior mental health conditions. We examine associations between employment status and self-harm and suicide in a prospective cohort, taking into account prior mental-health-related factors. Methods We used linked data from the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure. The outcomes were chosen to be hospital presentation for self-harm and death by suicide. The exposure was employment status, defined as employed, unemployed, or NILF, measured at the 2013 Census. Confounders included demographic factors and mental health history (use of antidepressant medication, use of mental health services, and prior self-harm). Logistic regression was used to model effects. Analyses were stratified by gender. Results For males, unemployment was associated with an increased risk of suicide [odds ratio (OR): 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–1.84] and self-harm (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.45–1.68) after full adjustment for confounders. NILF was associated with an increased risk of self-harm (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.32–1.55), but less of an association was seen with suicide (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.94–1.49). For females, unemployment was associated with an increased risk of suicide (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.93–1.80) and of self-harm (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.43–1.62), and NILF was associated with a similar increase in risk for suicide (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.98–1.75) and self-harm (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.26–1.40). Discussion Exclusion from employment is associated with a considerably heightened risk of suicide and self-harm for both men and women, even among those without prior mental health problems.

scholarly journals Quality Evaluation of Online Mental Health Education Based on Reinforcement Learning in the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Weifeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Mental Health Education ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Network State ◽  
Opinion Score ◽  
Average Latency

The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the biggest major health crises reported due its massive impact on many countries. From mental health experts, we know that we cannot lose sight of an equally alarming issue which is the long-term mental health impact the pandemic is going to leave on the society. The rapid spread of the pandemic gives little chance to prepare for or even process all that has happened in terms of job losses and the complete uprooting of everyday life and relationships. It is understandable that students may feel irritable, frustrated, or sad sometimes. Loneliness, confusion, and anxiety are also common, but the issue is how we can know if students’ emotions are a normal reaction to an abnormal situation. Therefore, online mental health education has become pretty important for students during the pandemic. Furthermore, it is important to evaluate the quality of online mental health education through microlessons. In this paper, based on Q-learning algorithm, the real-time adaptive bitrate (ABR) configuration parameters mechanism is proposed to detect the changes of network state constantly and select the optimal precalculated configuration according to the current network state. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm based on Q-learning outperforms other baselines in average latency, average bitrate, and Mean Opinion Score (MOS) on Chrome DevTools and Clumsy. Meanwhile, the experimental results also reveal that the average number of identified mental health problems of the proposed mechanism has always been the best with the bandwidth from 10 Mbit/s to 500 Mbit/s.

scholarly journals IPS in Supported Housing: Fidelity and Employment Outcomes Over a 4 Year Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Roeg ◽  
Lars de Winter ◽  
Cris Bergmans ◽  
Chrisje Couwenbergh ◽  
Peter McPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
Competitive Employment ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Housing Services ◽  
Team Integration

Background: People with severe mental illness have difficulties finding and maintaining competitive employment. This is particularly so for those living in supported housing who, by definition, have significant day-to-day support needs: in the Netherlands only 3 to 5% of people with serious mental health problems who live in supported housing are competitively employed. To support these people in finding and maintaining competitive employment, Individual Placement, and Support (IPS) was introduced within supported housing services in the Netherlands in 2015. As this is the first country that broadly implemented IPS in supported housing settings, this paper will focus on the first results regarding feasibility and effects on employment in clients of IPS in this sector.Methods: We investigated the feasibility and employment outcomes of delivering IPS in supported housing services using fidelity assessments and quarterly employment outcomes on IPS program level within eight supported housing organizations, and compared these with 21 mental health treatment organizations in the Netherlands over a 4 year period. We investigated possible reasons for our findings and their implications through qualitative evaluations of the IPS fidelity assessors' notes and additional focus groups with IPS specialists and coordinators from supported housing services and fidelity assessors.Results: The overall fidelity scores indicated reasonable implementation of the IPS model within both supported housing services and mental health services. However, there were differences between services with regard to specific fidelity items; mental health treatment organizations scored higher for team integration, whereas supported housing services scored higher for rapid job search and caseload size, diversity of jobs, and employers. Our qualitative data suggested that the difference in team integration between the two sectors was due to differences in their organizational and financial structures, as well as in the specific needs of their clients. Conversely, supported housing services had better connections with employers which facilitated more rapid job searching and greater diversity in employment opportunities. The average total client employment rate did not significantly differ; and was 25.8% per quarter in supported housing services and 29.6% in mental health treatment services.Conclusion: Implementing IPS in supported housing settings is both feasible and effective.

scholarly journals Evaluating Mental Health and Wellbeing of Postgraduate Researchers: Prevalence and Contributing Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Milicev ◽  
Stephany Biello ◽  
Maria Gardani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIntroduction: Recent research has revealed high rates of mental health issues in postgraduate researchers (PGRs). Mental ill-health is a barrier to life satisfaction and academic success. More knowledge is necessary to understand the extent and origins of mental health problems of PGRs in the UK. Aims: To assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleep problems, subjective mental wellbeing, and suicide behaviours of PGRs in the UK, as well as to explore the factors that underpin these outcomes.Methods: An online survey (N=479) was used to measure the mental health outcomes, and assess the influence of demographic, trait and academic variables, and social support. Results: In this sample the prevalence of mental ill-health was high, while wellbeing was lower than in the general population. Female, non-binary and non-heterosexual PGRs had poorer mental health than their male and/or heterosexual counterparts. Researchers in the field of Arts had higher levels of wellbeing, while those in the 5th year of study or above were at a higher risk of suicidal behaviours. Resilience, adaptive perfectionism, social support and positive evaluations of progress and preparation, departmental climate, and supervisory relationship were associated with positive outcomes, while maladaptive perfectionism and workaholism were linked to the negative ones. Resilience and workaholism were the only variables that played a role in all mental health outcomes.Conclusions: The current paper contributes new knowledge about the PGR wellbeing, the prevalence of mental health symptoms, and some of the factors that shape them. Our findings imply that institutional efforts to improve PGR mental health and wellbeing should include a variety of strategies to promote equality, diversity, resilience, integration and work-life balance of PGRs.

scholarly journals Kajian Terhadap Sokongan Sosial dan Kesihatan Mental dalam Kalangan Anggota Polis di Ibu Pejabat Polis Kontinjen (IPK) Johor Bahru

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Farahin Eraman ◽  
Thuaibah@Suaibah Abu Bakar ◽  
Zulkifli Hamisan @ Khair ◽  
Hashim Fauzy Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Current Change

The current change in lifestyle and the rapid development of the world has led to the rise in mental health issues and symptoms of mental health problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the respondents' perceptions and mental health differences in terms of gender and personal status as well as the relationship between social support and mental health. This study is a quantitative study that used questionnaires to obtain data. The sample consisted of 103 police officers in the training, management and administration and operations departments. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21) and Perceived Organizational Support (POS) were used as study instruments. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 18 and using descriptive statistics and inference statistics. The findings show that mental health conditions are affected by social support received.

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