Education's economic return in multicultural Australia: Demographic analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 144078332110494
Author(s):  
Yaghoob Foroutan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regions Of Origin

This article focuses on the impact of education as the most important human capital endowment in the context of migration, religion, gender and ethnic identity from a demographic perspective. It presents research-based evidence to address such key research questions as whether and how significantly women's education provides equal benefit in the labour market for individuals, based on their migration status, religion, and ethnic identity. The field of this study is the multi-ethnic and multicultural context of Australia with a wide range of ethnic and religious groups of migrants from throughout the world. Preliminary results show that labour market achievement is positively and significantly associated with the educational attainment of individuals, irrespective of their migration status, religious affiliation and ethnicity. However, more comprehensive analysis from comparative perspectives reveals that the positive economic return of education is higher for natives (compared with migrants), for ethnic migrants from developed regions of origin (compared with those from less developed regions of origin) and for non-Muslims (compared with Muslims). The article provides two plausible explanations for these patterns. The first refers to the lack of recognition of overseas qualifications and to the devaluation of foreign education that particularly applies to ethnic migrants from less developed regions. The second relates to disadvantage through structural discrimination against migrants, particularly when their cultural and religious identity, such as Islamic names and dress codes, are distinctively displayed. In sum, this analysis presents further research-based evidence to go beyond the human capital theory in order to explain more appropriately the economic return of women's education in the context of religion and migration from a demographic perspective.

scholarly journals The Impact of Human Capital on Labour Market: Lithuanian Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 2437-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilda Giziene ◽  
Zaneta Simanaviciene
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Migratory Flows on the Swiss Labour Market. A Comparison Between In- and Outflow

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Wanner ◽  
Jonathan Zufferey ◽  
Juliette Fioretta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact

International labour migration in post-industrial countries raises numerous questions. A wide range of studies have been published on the impact of immigration on the labour market but only few studies take into account both arrivals (immigrations) and departures (emigrations), rather than only the role of newcomers on the labour market. This paper is based on a Swiss Longitudinal Demographic Database which links data from Population and Household Registers, administrative registers, and surveys. In particular, the Swiss Population Register provides the date of arrival or departure of immigrants/emigrants while the Structural Survey provides information on their characteristics and position on the labour market. Based on these data, this paper compares the socioeconomic characteristics of both immigrants and emigrants arrived in Switzerland during the period 2011-2013 or having left the country during the same period, a time span  characterized by a yearly net migration of + 80,000 and a rapid economic growth. In terms of level of education, every category is characterized by a positive migration balance, which is not surprising: the economic growth observed in Switzerland during the period led to a demand on the labour market for both skilled and unskilled migrants. More precisely, migratory flows counterbalanced the erosion of the low and averagely skilled working-age non-migrating population and contributed to approximately one third of the increase in the number of highly skilled workers in the labour market. Concerning the occupations, the impact of the migration balance is highest among managers and sales workers. The paper also demonstrates that the migratory flows contribute to balance the decrease in the low and averagely skilled positions and to partially fulfil the economy’s demand for highly skilled workers.

scholarly journals How Do Workers Sustain COVID-induced Labour Market Shock: Evidence from the Indian State of Kerala

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110238
Author(s):  
Muhammed Refeque ◽  
P Azad ◽  
PK Sujathan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Impact

This article is an empirical analysis of the resilience of workers over the COVID-hit labour market in the Indian state of Kerala. Quantile regression methods are used to ascertain the impact of COVID-19 on the labour market. This method is more advantageous than the traditional OLS method as it does not presume a constant effect of explanatory variables on the distribution of dependent variable. Evidences convey that all the five categories of workers under study were disproportionately buffeted by the pandemic. However, the factors education and experience were found to have a stabilising effect on the rate of labour market participation. The article pitches for a more responsive and responsible role that the State can deliver to embolden and reinforce human capital so that the pandemic like COVID-19 can at best be averted. JEL Codes: E24, H12, I15, J64

scholarly journals Human Capital Investment And Training In Islamic Banking Industry In Jordan Jordan Islamic Bank for Finance and Investment

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ziad Mohammad Obeidat
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of investment in human resources activities on the effectiveness of investment in human capital and investigated the relationship between human capital Investmenttraining and its effectiveness in Islamic banks in Jordan. The fascinating development and point of discussion in recent years is the rapid growth and expansion of the Islamic financial services industry. It is no longer rhetoric as Islamic finance has been accepted as viable and competitive mode of financial intermediation that offers wide range of financial products and services to meet the highly differentiated demands of the new economy; not only in Muslim countries but also beyond the Muslim world. Against these rapid revolution of Islamic financial industry globally and in Jordan particularly, human capital has become the defining factor in sustaining the performance and competitiveness of Islamic financial industry. Thus it is crucial to place strong focus on human capital development in embarking Islamic financial services encompassing the basic foundation namely; education. A prerequisite requirement for highly talented and skilled labor force is essential to maximize the opportunities presented by the evolving economic environment in the future. The objective of this study is to determine the issues faced by practitioners that initiate the need to undertake training and development courses as well as to identify the type of training required by current practitioners that affect performance. The main findings of the study can be more comprehensive and representative if more respondents from several banks that practices Islamic finance can be involved in validating the issue that is realizable for future study.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis Of Human Capital Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Gajdos
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the interdependence between labour productivity and the occupational structure of human capital in a spatial cross-section. Research indicates (see Fischer 2009) the possibility to assess the impact of the quality of human capital (measured by means of the level of education) on labour productivity in a spatial cross-section. This study attempts to thoroughly analyse the issue, assuming that apart from the level of education, the course of education (occupation) can also be a significant factor determining labour productivity in a spatial cross-section. The data used in this paper concerning labour force structure in major occupational groups in a regional cross-section comes from a Labour Force Survey. The data source specificity enables the assessment of labour force occupational specialisation at the regional level and the estimation of this specialisation at the subregional or county level. An in-depth analysis of the occupational structure of the labour market in a spatial cross-section is an important theoretical and practical area of study necessary for the development of effective labour market policies and the education system.

Walking The Line: Pipe and Sweat Ceremonies in Prison

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Lee Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Sweat Lodge ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: This paper is an overview of the movement among Native American prisoners to have access to native religious practices, specifically pipe ceremonies, sweats, and prayer and drum sessions in prison. These practices form the basis of a new movement that supports a wide range of native spiritual traditions, organized around a few basic ceremonies now recognized as primary expressions of native religious identity. Since the early 1970s, this movement has fought for recognition in the prisons, in the courts, and in the popular press. I first review the history of the pipe movement through a survey of important legal cases. The second half of the paper covers the symbolic aspects of the pipe and sweat as they contribute to prisoner rehabilitation through the cultivation of a nativeformulated religious worldview. Also covered are the formation of various native societies for the purpose of providing spiritual advisers to prisons and the impact of this movement on the reservations. Rather than going to church, I attend a sweat lodge; rather than accepting bread and toast from the Holy Priest, I smoke a ceremonial pipe to come into Communion with the Great Spirit; and rather than kneeling with my hands placed together in prayer, I let sweetgrass be feathered over my entire being for spiritual cleansing and allow the smoke to carry my prayers into the heavens. I am a Mi'kmaq, and this is how we pray. (Noah Augustine)

scholarly journals Unemployment Duration and Labor Mobility in Argentina: A Socioeconomic-based pre- and postcrisis analysis

2009 ◽  
pp. 169-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Javier Canavire-Bacarreza
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Unemployment Duration ◽  
Labour Mobility ◽  
The Impact

This paper evaluates the unemployment duration and labor mobility using data from the household surveys provided by the National Statistical office (INDEC) for the period 1998 to 2005. The paper aims to understand and explain the evolution and main determinants of labor mobility and unemployment duration, two of the main problems that labor markets present. Unemployment duration is studied in terms of welfare and its determinants by applying stochastic dominance and econometric techniques. Labor mobility is analyzed using conditional multinomial probit techniques in order to evaluate its evolution, the impact of a crisis and the recovery period, that Argentina faced over the period 1998-2005. We found that there was deterioration in welfare measured by unemployment duration especially during the crisis period. We found that human capital played a key role in the unemployment duration and labour mobility. Unemployment duration is higher for people with higher educational levels, which shows that less educated people have lower reservations wages; similar result was found for females and males. The labour mobility results show that more educated people enter easier to formal labor markets which changes during the crisis when their probability of entering to formal labor market reduces; this would suggest that more educated people tend to adjust their wages and push out of the market less educated people. The labour mobility patterns do not reflect inflexibility in labour markets. We conclude that the apparent duality - formal and informal - in the Argentinean labour market which seems to reflect differences in access to productive resources (human capital) outside labour market is the one that determines the integration into labour markets and later labour mobility of a big part of labour force

scholarly journals Social Capital and Stratification of Young People

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Behtoui
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Status Attainment ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

This paper addresses the impact of social capital on the status attainment process of young people at the start of their careers and examines how social class, gender and ethnicity affect the accumulation of social capital and thereby labour market stratification of young people. A sample of young Swedes graduating from vocational schools and universities between 2005 and 2006, was surveyed via the telephone about their experiences acquiring jobs. Two research questions are posed: (i) Which characteristics (class, gender and ethnicity) affect young people's access to more social capital? (ii) How is social capital rewarded in the labour market? The results show that being female, coming from the lower social classes and being a member of a stigmatized immigrant groupare associated with a substantial social capital deficit. When socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds as well as the human capital of respondents are controlled, social capital is positively associated with salary level. The results indicate that social capital is a significant factor in the stratification process of young people.

scholarly journals Serbs in Romania relationship between ethnic and religious identity

Balcanica ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 117-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Djuric-Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Western Romania

The paper looks at the role of religion in the ethnic identity of the Serbs in Romania, based on the fieldwork conducted in August 2010 among the Serbian communities in the Danube Gorge (Rom. Clisura Dun?rii; loc. Ser. Banatska klisura), western Romania. A historical perspective being necessary in studying and understanding the complexities of identity structures, the paper offers a brief historical overview of the Serbian community in Romania. Serbs have been living in the Banat since medieval times, their oldest settlements dating back to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Today, they mostly live in western Romania (Timi?, Arad, Cara?-Severin and Mehedin?i counties), Timi?oara being their cultural, political and religious centre. Over the last decades, the community has been numerically declining due to strong assimilation processes and demographic trends, as evidenced by successive census data (34,037 in 1977; 29,408 in 1992; 22,518 in 2002). The majority belong to the Serbian Orthodox Church (Diocese of Timi?oara), but a number of neo-Protestant churches have appeared in the last decades. The research focuses on the role of the Orthodox religion among the Serbian minority in Romania and the role of new religious communities in relation to national identity. The role of the dominant Serbian Orthodox Church in preserving and strengthening ethnic identity is looked at, but also influences of other religious traditions which do not overlap with any particular ethnic group, such as neo-Protestantism. With regard to the supranational nature of neo-Protestantism, the aim of the study is to analyze the impact of these new religions on assimilation processes among the Serbs in Romania and to examine in what ways different religious communities influence either the strengthening or the weakening of Serbian ethnic identity.

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