Narrating African conflict news: An intercultural analysis of Burundi’s 2015 coup

Journalism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146488492092200
Author(s):  
Caroline Williamson Sinalo
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Online News ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Intercultural Analysis ◽  
Relative Vulnerability

This article adopts an intercultural narrative approach to investigate how the 2015 crisis in Burundi was represented in five online news outlets: The Guardian, the United Kingdom (English); Le Monde, France (French); Le Soir, Belgium (French); The Daily Nation, Kenya (English); and Le Renouveau, Burundi (French). As the analysis demonstrates, all the outlets, including the African ones, adopt essentialised clichés of barbaric perpetrators and innocent victims, embroiled in ethnic conflict. Various configurations of these elements of the story are identified as it travels from one context to another. In general, the international outlets focus on a brutal dictator and a passive, victimised mass, but this narrative is reversed in the government-run Burundian outlet, which assigns barbarism to the protestors and legitimacy to the president. The Daily Nation is unique in framing these elements within a broader international narrative, demonstrating Burundi’s relative vulnerability to international (neoimperial) actors. In the final discussion, the article considers how Western journalism can learn from this cross-cultural analysis, drawing on Venuti’s (1995) concepts of foreignisation and domestication. It is argued that The Daily Nation’s emphasis on neoimperial influence on Burundi may be a form of domestication to Kenyan readers but would undoubtedly be considered a foreignising strategy to Western European readers, as it would alert them to the injustices of supposedly legitimate international (Western) institutions. While recognising the challenges of such a strategy in journalism, it is argued that news outlets should nonetheless consider presenting African conflict news using less stereotyped narratives, informed by a postcolonial interpretative lens.

scholarly journals Mind the Culture Gap: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Tourism Destination Websites in Austria and the United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Angelika Rafetzeder
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Web Design ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Website Design ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Tourism Destinations

Websites of destination marketing organisations (DMO’s) are important tools to market tourism destinations to prospective visitors. They provide an abundance of information for tourists and help them plan their visit to the destination or find inspiration for an upcoming vacation. In many cases, website visitors come from other countries and cultures. In order to satisfy the needs of international website visitors, website providers would need to consider diverse cultural backgrounds and different languages when designing, implementing and maintaining a website. The main objective of this master thesis is to analyse the depiction of cultural values on DMO websites in Austria and the United Kingdom. It is then sought to compare them to the perceived cultural values of the respective host country by looking at Hofstede’s and Hall’s cultural frameworks. Moreover, it is aimed to provide a framework for tourism professionals and website developers who oversee and implement the creation of websites for tourism destinations. To establish the foundation of this thesis, an extensive literature review in the field of cross- cultural web design is provided with the aim to support the process of further developing a framework for the analysis of cultural values on the World Wide Web. Drawing on Hofstede’s dimensions and Hall’s high/low context theory this framework seeks to broaden the cross-cultural lens adopted by website providers. The content analysis is going to include 18 DMO websites that represent tourism destinations on three levels: Nations, provinces/countries and cities. The analysis is expected to shed light on website design in Austria and the United Kingdom and increase awareness towards the significance of localized cultural values. It should provide recommendations for professionals who are implementing websites for tourism destinations. Additionally, the study on Austrian and British websites can be of excellent value for tourism managers and destination marketers since both countries welcome many tourists each year.

British Council as an Instrument of Public Diplomacy of Great Britain

2017 ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Mykola Trofymenko
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
British Council ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Public diplomacy of Great Britain is one of the most developed in the EU and in the world. The United Kingdom has developed an extremely efficient public diplomacy mechanism which includes BBC World Service (which due to its popularity boosts the reputation and the image of Great Britain), Chevening Scholarships (provides outstanding foreign students with opportunity to study in Great Britain and thus establishes long-lasting relations with public opinion leaders and foreign countries elite) and the British Council, which deals with international diplomatic ties in the field of culture. The British Council is a unique organization. Being technically independent, it actively and efficiently works on consolidating Great Britain’s interests in the world and contributes to the development of public diplomacy in Great Britain.   The author studies the efforts of the British Council as a unique public diplomacy tool of the United Kingdom. Special attention is paid to the role of British Council, which is independent of the governing board and at the same time finds itself under the influence of the latter due to the peculiarities of the appointment of Board’s officials, financing etc. The author concludes that the British Council is a unique organization established in 1934, which is a non-departmental state body, charitable organization and public corporation, technically independent of the government. The British Council, thanks to its commercial activities covers the lack of public funding caused by the policy of economy conducted by the government. It has good practices in this field worth paying attention by other countries. It is also worth mentioning that the increment in profit was getting higher last year, however the issue of increasing the influence of the government on the activities of British Council is still disputable. Although the Foreign Minister officially reports to the parliament on the activities of the British Council, approves the appointment of the leaders of organizations, the British Council preserves its independence of the government, which makes it more popular abroad, and makes positive influence on the world image of Great Britain. The efficiency of the British Council efforts on fulfillment of targets of the United Kingdom public diplomacy is unquestionable, no matter how it calls its activities: whether it is a cultural relations establishment or a cultural diplomacy implementation. Keywords: The British Council, public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, cultural relations, Foreign Office, Her Majesty’s Government, official assistance for development

How the United Kingdom Controls Pharmaceutical Prices and Spending: Learning From Its Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142199709
Author(s):  
Marc A. Rodwin
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Generic Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Spending ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pharmaceutical Prices ◽  
Limit Access

To control costs and improve access, nations can adopt strategies employed in the United Kingdom to control pharmaceutical prices and spending. Current policy evolved from a system created in 1957 that allowed manufacturers to set launch prices, capped manufacturers’ rates of return, and later cut list prices. These policies did not effectively control spending and had limited effects on purchase prices. The United Kingdom currently controls pharmaceutical spending in 4 ways. (a) Since 1999, it has typically paid no more than is cost-effective. (b) Since 2017, for medicines that will have a significant budget impact, National Health Service England seeks discounts from cost-effective prices or seeks to limit access for 2 years to patients with the greatest need. (c) Since 2014, statutes and a voluntary scheme have required branded manufacturers to pay the government rebates to recoup the difference between the global pharmaceutical budget and actual spending. (d) For hospitals, generics and some patented drugs are procured through competitive bidding; community pharmacies are reimbursed through a system that provides an incentive to beat average generic market prices. These policies controlled the growth of spending, with the largest effects following budget controls in 2014. Changes since 2008 have reduced savings, first by paying more than is cost-effective for cancer drugs and then by applying higher cost-effectiveness thresholds for some drugs used to treat cancer and certain other drugs.

III. On the figure, dimensions, and mean specific gravity of the Earth, as derived from the ordnance trigonometrical survey of Great Britain and Ireland

1857 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

The Trigonometrical Survey of the United Kingdom commenced in the year 1784, under the immediate auspices of the Royal Society; the first base was traced by General Roy on the 16th of April of that year, on Hounslow Heath, in presence of Sir Joseph Banks, then President of the Society, and some of its most distinguished Fellows. The principal object which the Government had then in view, was the connexion of the Observatories of Paris and Greenwich by means of a triangulation, for the purpose of determining the difference of longitude between the two observatories.

Mental Illness Among Immigrant Minorities in the United Kingdom

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. London
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Cultural Studies

Cross-cultural studies on immigrants from Pakistan and the New Commonwealth are reviewed, with emphasis on epidemiology and differences in clinical presentation. Their referral to the psychiatric service is also examined and deficiencies are noted. Awareness of transcultural issues among health professionals need to be increased in order to achieve diagnosis and improvements in health care.

scholarly journals Service innovations: the Orchard Clinic: Scotland's first medium secure unit

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Secure Unit ◽  
The Government

The development of forensic psychiatry provision in Scotland lags behind that in other parts of the United Kingdom. Until recently, there were no medium secure units in the country and mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) requiring such care had to be managed in intensive psychiatric care unit (IPCU) settings. In November 2000, The Orchard Clinic, a medium secure unit sited at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital, was opened. This paper discusses the background to this development, the government policies setting out plans for the care, services and support of MDOs in Scotland, progress and work of the new unit to date and plans for developments in other parts of Scotland.

Service innovations: the Orchard Clinic: Scotland's first medium secure unit

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Secure Unit ◽  
The Government

The development of forensic psychiatry provision in Scotland lags behind that in other parts of the United Kingdom. Until recently, there were no medium secure units in the country and mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) requiring such care had to be managed in intensive psychiatric care unit (IPCU) settings. In November 2000, The Orchard Clinic, a medium secure unit sited at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital, was opened. This paper discusses the background to this development, the government policies setting out plans for the care, services and support of MDOs in Scotland, progress and work of the new unit to date and plans for developments in other parts of Scotland.

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