scholarly journals Caste, military, migration: Nepali Gurkha communities in Britain

Ethnicities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-627
Author(s):  
Mitra Pariyar
Keyword(s):  
Social Bonds ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Southern England ◽  
History Of ◽  
Controversial Problem ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Lower Castes ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way ◽  
Policies And Practices

The 200-year history of Gurkha service notwithstanding, Gurkha soldiers were forced to retire in their own country. The policy changes of 2004 and 2009 ended the age-old practice and paved the way for tens of thousands of retired soldiers and their dependants to migrate to the UK, many settling in the garrison towns of southern England. One of the fundamental changes to the Nepali diaspora in Britain since the mass arrival of these military migrants has been the extraordinary rise of caste associations, so much so that caste – ethnicised caste –has become a key marker of overseas Gurkha community and identity. This article seeks to understand the extent to which the policies and practices of the Brigade of Gurkhas, including pro-caste recruitment and organisation, have contributed to the rapid reproduction of caste abroad. Informed by Vron Ware’s paradigm of military migration and multiculture, I demonstrate how caste has both strengthened the traditional social bonds and exacerbated inter-group intolerance and discrimination, particularly against the lower castes or Dalits. Using the military lens, my ethnographic and historic analysis adds a new dimension to the largely hidden but controversial problem of caste in the UK and beyond.

The history of a “primary source”: The making of Tûghî's chronicle on the regicide of Osman II

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Baki Tezcan
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Attitude ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way

AbstractA short chronicle by a former janissary called Tûghî on the regicide of the Ottoman Sultan Osman II in 1622 had a definitive impact on seventeenth-century Ottoman historiography in terms of the way in which this regicide was recounted. This study examines the formation of Tûghî's chronicle and shows how within the course of the year following the regicide, Tûghî's initial attitude, which recognized the collective responsibility of the military caste (kul) in the murder of Osman, evolved into a claim of their innocence. The chronicle of Tûghî is extant in successive editions of his own. A careful examination of these editions makes it possible to follow the evolution of Tûghî's narrative on the regicide in response to the historical developments in its immediate aftermath and thus witness both the evolution of a “primary source” and the gradual political sophistication of a janissary.

Burns first aid

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Jorge Leon-Villapolas
Keyword(s):  
Operative Management ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

In the UK alone there are approximately 175,000 acute burn injuries /year. There is a great variation in the way these injuries are managed. Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of burn injuries have highlighted the importance of early intervention in minimizing later functional and cosmetic morbidity. Differences in beliefs and ethnic background have a large impact on the way that burns are initially dealt with, as we know that only a minority of patients presenting with burns are optimally managed pre-hospital. Lack of education and conflicting information about burns first aid is believed to be a major factor in the common occurrence of burnt patients presenting with a variety of domestic remedies being applied to their burns as first aid. Judicious application of simple burns first aid is the first step for soft tissue preservation, improvement of outcomes and a decrease in the need for operative management.

Adolescent Psychiatry Services

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Jaffa
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
High Quality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

BackgroundThe way in which psychiatric services for adolescents in the UK are developing will be affected by recent changes in the organisation of the National Health Service.MethodThe history of these services, and the different opportunities for development are reviewed.ResultsWays in which high-quality clinical care can still be provided are indicated.ConclusionAdolescent psychiatric services should be judged on their ability to provide such care, not merely on their ability to survive.

scholarly journals Factors associated with poor self-reported health within the UK military and comparisons with the general population: a cohort study

JRSM Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 205427041769272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C Jenkins ◽  
Sharon AM Stevelink ◽  
Nicola T Fear
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Military

Objective To investigate the self-rated health of the UK military and explore factors associated with poor self-rated health. Compare self-rated health of the military to the general population. Design A cohort study. Participants A total of 7626 serving and ex-serving UK military personnel, aged between 25 and 49; 19,452,300 civilians from England and Wales. Setting United Kingdom (military), England and Wales (civilians). Main outcome measures Self rated health for both populations. Additional data for the military sample included measures of symptoms of common mental disorder (General Health Questionnaire-12), probable post-traumatic stress disorder (post-traumatic stress disorder checklist Civilian Version), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), smoking behaviour, history of self-harm and body mass index. Results In the military sample, poor self-rated health was significantly associated with: common mental disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder symptomology, a history of self-harm, being obese, older age (ages 35–49) and current smoking status. However, the majority of military personnel report good health, with levels of poor self-rated health (13%) not significantly different to those reported by the general population (12.1%). Conclusions Self-rated health appears to relate to aspects of both physical and psychological health. The link between poor self-rated health and psychological ill-health emphasises the need for military support services to continue addressing mental health problems.

scholarly journals Before compassion: sympathy, tact and the history of the ideal nurse

2020 ◽  
pp. medhum-2019-011842
Author(s):  
Sarah Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

The word ‘compassion’ is ubiquitous in modern healthcare. Yet few writers agree on what the term means, and what makes it an essential trait in nursing. In this article, I take a historical approach to the problem of understanding compassion. Although many modern writers have assumed that compassion is a universal and unchanging trait, my research reveals that the term is extremely new to healthcare, only becoming widely used in 2009. Of course, even if compassion is a new term in nursing, the concept could have previously existed under another name. I thus consider the emotional qualities associated with the ideal nurse during the interwar period in the UK. While compassion was not mentioned in nursing guidance in this era another term, ‘sympathy’, made frequent appearance. The interwar concept of sympathy, however, differs significantly from the modern one of compassion. Sympathy was not an isolated concept. In the interwar era, it was most often linked to the nurse’s tact or diplomacy. A closer investigation of this link highlights the emphasis laid on patient management in nursing in this period, and the way class differentials in emotion between nurse and patient were considered essential to the efficient running of hospitals. This model of sympathy is very different from the way the modern ‘compassion’ is associated with patient satisfaction or choice. Although contemporary healthcare policy assumes ‘compassion’ to be a timeless, personal characteristic rooted in the individual behaviours and choices of the nurse, this article concludes that compassionate nursing is a recent construct. Moreover, the performance of compassion relies on conditions and resources that often lie outside of the nurse’s personal control. Compassion in nursing—in theory and in practice—is inseparable from its specific contemporary contexts, just as sympathy was in the interwar period.

Turning a “Socialist” Policy into a “Capitalist” One: Urban Rehabilitation in Hungary during the Long Transformation of 1989

2020 ◽  
pp. 009614422090888
Author(s):  
Csaba Jelinek
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Urban Rehabilitation ◽  
The Way

The article describes the history of the policy of “urban rehabilitation” in Hungary from its introduction in the 1970s until the 1990s. The main focus is on the dialectic of how different capitalist crises open new intellectual and institutional spaces for new policy ideas and practices, and how certain professional groups navigate within these spaces while they are paving the way for the next round of crises. In the first section, the history of urban rehabilitation policies in Hungary is introduced from the 1970s until the 1990s; then in the second section, it is shown how this history is shaped by political–economic crises and structural changes. Finally, some aspects of expert brokerage are highlighted to propose a new methodology of historically analyzing policy changes.

Training for democratic therapeutic community practitioners, and workers in therapeutic and enabling environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Pearce ◽  
Oliver Dale
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Therapeutic Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

Purpose Training in therapeutic community and related approaches has not been widely available, and there is debate about the form this should take. This has had a negative impact on the field. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The authors consider the history of training in democratic therapeutic community methods in the UK in particular, and trace some of the reasons for its lack of development. Findings With the expansion of TC methodology into new areas, such as therapeutic and enabling environments, the ability to provide training in DTC approaches and techniques is increasingly important. The developing evidence base, and the increasing detail in which the method has been described, make dedicated TC training increasingly important. Originality/value Training in therapeutic community methods, and enabling and therapeutic environment approaches, provides a grounding in technique and theory that would otherwise be impossible to acquire for most workers, and can lead to a general increase in the level of competence and confidence in the way these environments operate.

scholarly journals Aedes nigrinus (Eckstein, 1918) (Diptera, Culicidae), a new country record for England, contrasted with Aedes sticticus (Meigen, 1838)

ZooKeys ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Harbach ◽  
Thom Dallimore ◽  
Andrew G. Briscoe ◽  
C. Lorna Culverwell ◽  
Alexander G.C. Vaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Forest ◽  
The Uk

We report the discovery of Aedesnigrinus (Eckstein, 1918) in the New Forest of southern England, bringing to 36 the number of mosquito species recorded in Britain. Because it seems that this species has been misidentified previously in Britain as the morphologically similar Aedessticticus (Meigen, 1838), the two species are contrasted and distinguished based on distinctive differences exhibited in the adult and larval stages. The pupa of Ae.nigrinus is unknown, but the pupa of Ae.sticticus is distinguished from the pupae of other species of Aedes by modification of the most recent key to British mosquitoes. The history of the mosquito fauna recorded in the UK is summarized and bionomical information is provided for the two species.

This Is Not Your Father’s (or Your Mother’s) Army

Head Strong ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 158-180
Author(s):  
Michael D. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Military Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Recent Policy

By the year 2050, whites will no longer be the majority in the United States. As the nation changes, the military also must change in order to reflect the ethnic and racial composition of the nation and to remain an effective fighting force. In addition to race and ethnicity, the modern military welcomes into its ranks all Americans who qualify to serve. Psychologists may inform the military on ways to better achieve balance among its ranks. Recent policy changes allow women to serve in all military jobs, including direct combat. The history of African Americans and women’s military service is described. Gays, lesbians, and other formerly stigmatized and discriminated against individuals now serve openly, and methods for reducing stigma and bias are discussed. The importance of having a military that accurately represents its national population is explored.

Rorschach Assessment of Complex Trauma in Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
David Ephraim
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract. A history of complex trauma or exposure to multiple traumatic events of an interpersonal nature, such as abuse, neglect, and/or major attachment disruptions, is unfortunately common in youth referred for psychological assessment. The way these adolescents approach the Rorschach task and thematic contents they provide often reflect how such experiences have deeply affected their personality development. This article proposes a shift in perspective in the interpretation of protocols of adolescents who suffered complex trauma with reference to two aspects: (a) the diagnostic relevance of avoidant or emotionally constricted Rorschach protocols that may otherwise appear of little use, and (b) the importance of danger-related thematic contents reflecting the youth’s sense of threat, harm, and vulnerability. Regarding this last aspect, the article reintroduces the Preoccupation with Danger Index ( DI). Two cases are presented to illustrate the approach.

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