Imaging Modalities for Aortic Endografting

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh G. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Aortic Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Conventional Ct

One of the most fundamental and influential differences between conventional surgery and endovascular grafting for aortic aneurysm is the central role of imaging in every aspect of management. This review summarizes five imaging techniques for aortic endografting: intravascular ultrasound, contrast angiography, conventional computed tomography (CT), spiral CT with image processing, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). External ultrasound and intravascular ultrasound have important relevance to endovascular aortic surgery. Artifacts of arteriography include magnification, thrombus effect, foreshortening of tortuosity, loss of luminal detail, parallax error, and projection errors. Conventional CT scans have artifacts and difficulties also. Diameter measurement by CT suffers from methodology errors and observer variability. If conventional CT and angiography are used for endovascular aortic graft planning, both should be obtained since neither alone provides sufficient data. The use of spiral CT scanning and computerized image processing has clearly aided the preoperative definition of aneurysm morphology both in terms of dimensional accuracy and by adding diagnostic information. MRA is capable of producing three-dimensional images, axial sections, and longitudinal projections in any plane. It can detect blood flow without contrast medium, but gadolinium enhances MRA by avoiding the “signal dropout” artifact. Technology exists to provide new forms of imaging for endovascular surgery that combines three-dimensional models with on-line image data in a process called “data fusion.” This may offer improved ease and accuracy for conducting endovascular procedures in the future.

Preoperative Sizing of Grafts for Transfemoral Endovascular Aneurysm Management: A Prospective Comparative Study of Spiral CT Angiography, Arteriography, and Conventional CT Imaging

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo A.M.J. Broeders ◽  
Jan D. Blankensteijn ◽  
Marco Olree ◽  
Willem Mali ◽  
Bert C. Eikelboom
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Computed Tomographic Angiography ◽  
Radiological Investigation ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Conventional Ct ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Graft Selection

Purpose: To define the impact of spiral computed tomographic angiography (CTA) with image reconstruction on graft selection for Transfemoral Endovascular Aneurysm Management (TEAM) by comparing it to conventional computed tomography (CT) and contrast arteriography. Methods: Twenty-one candidates for TEAM were included. The diameters of the superior and inferior aneurysm necks and lengths between the graft attachment sites were measured using the three imaging techniques. These measurements and their consequences on graft selection were studied. Results: The difference in length sizing between spiral CTA and arteriography never exceeded 1 cm; however, lengths measured by conventional CT scanning resulted in underestimation of graft length in 91% of patients. Graft diameters were chosen too small in 62% of the patients when based on arteriographic diameter measurements. A graft of similar diameter was selected by spiral CTA and conventional CT scanning in 81% of the patients, while minor oversizing by conventional CT scanning was found in 14%. Conclusions: Neither conventional CT scanning nor arteriography is adequate as a sole preoperative radiological investigation for TEAM graft sizing. Spiral CTA with image processing produces all information required for selection of tho-optimal graft size and should be regarded the method of first choice for this purpose.

scholarly journals Current Applications, Opportunities, and Limitations of AI for 3D Imaging in Dental Research and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4424
Author(s):  
Kuofeng Hung ◽  
Andy Wai Kan Yeung ◽  
Ray Tanaka ◽  
Michael M. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Automated Diagnosis ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Facial Scanning

The increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques in dental medicine has boosted the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for various clinical problems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral/facial scans are potential sources of image data to develop 3D image-based AI systems for automated diagnosis, treatment planning, and prediction of treatment outcome. This review focuses on current developments and performance of AI for 3D imaging in dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR) as well as intraoral and facial scanning. In DMFR, machine learning-based algorithms proposed in the literature focus on three main applications, including automated diagnosis of dental and maxillofacial diseases, localization of anatomical landmarks for orthodontic and orthognathic treatment planning, and general improvement of image quality. Automatic recognition of teeth and diagnosis of facial deformations using AI systems based on intraoral and facial scanning will very likely be a field of increased interest in the future. The review is aimed at providing dental practitioners and interested colleagues in healthcare with a comprehensive understanding of the current trend of AI developments in the field of 3D imaging in dental medicine.

Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Hypopharynx and Larynx by Means of Helical (Spiral) Computed Tomography

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Silverman ◽  
Andrew S. Zeiberg ◽  
Thomas R. Troost ◽  
Roy B. Sessions ◽  
Robert K. Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
Ct Technology ◽  
Conventional Ct

A new computed tomography (CT) technology, helical (spiral) CT, allows the entire neck to be imaged in only 30 seconds. Although multiplanar and three-dimensional (3-D) imaging could be performed with conventional CT, the volumetric acquisition provided by helical (spiral) CT allows significantly improved quality and easier reconstruction for more applications. These 3-D models show an airway appearance similar to that obtained with laryngography. Independent review of the 3-D images in 12 patients with lesions by two radiologists and one otolaryngologist was performed to assess 1) image quality, 2) ability to judge lesion extent, and 3) assistance in understanding the lesion compared to that provided by routine axial scans. Rating scores of 1 to 5 were assigned, with 5 representing the best quality or greatest value. The results showed that both groups scored image quality equally: 4.7. Lesion extent for the radiologists was 2.6, while the otolaryngologist's ranking was 3.7 (p < .01). In assisting understanding of lesions versus axial scans, radiologists ranked 3-D images 2.1, while the otolaryngologist ranked them 3.1 (p < .01). In summary, 3-D models provide a complementary imaging technique in understanding upper airway disease.

Anatomia TC ed RM della regione orbitaria

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
A. Achene ◽  
M. Conti ◽  
G.C. Canalis
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Bony Tissue ◽  
Technological Developments

Pur non sottovalutando il ruolo degli US, la TC e la RM mostrano un ruolo di primo piano nella valutazione delle strutture ossee e del contenuto orbitario. Although ophthalmoscopy, fluoro-angiography and ultrasound can usually identify most bulbar lesions, CT and MR play a major role in assessing the bony orbital structures and the post-bulbar soft tissues. These imaging techniques are especially important in investigating the eyeball under conditions “blind” to ultrasound not transparent to dioptric instruments (blood in the vitreous body, cataract, corneal opacity) or to define the site and extension and sometimes the nature (melanoma) of tumours. Whereas both CT and MR are completely reliable techniques in the study of the orbit, overall CT is decidedly superior to MR in the study of bony structures and MR is the method of choice in assessing the endo-orbital contents. This is because MR offers better spatial resolution and contrast with multiplanar views (allowing study on three planes without requiring the patient to assume uncomfortable positions for coronal CT scanning), greater sensitivity to tissue changes and hence diseases, the lack of signal from bony tissue (displaying the content of small structures like the orbital apex, nasolacrimal fossa and optic canal which are difficult to assess by CT due to artefacts) and lastly, the absence of ionizing radiation in examining children. These advantages are flanked by the use of the fast-imaging technique and surface coils (phased-array) which have overcome the limitations originally linked with MR due to the prolonged examination times and images degraded by artefacts. Nowadays, the only obstacle to routine use of MR is the shortage of MR systems in Italy. For both MR and CT scanning, technological developments have led to significant advances with the advent of the spiral technique which reduces the artefacts of eyeball movements because anatomical volumes can be investigated rapidly, improving patient compliance (in acquiring coronal scans) and enhancing the quality of two and three-dimensional reconstructions and allowing optimum use of contrast medium as the structure can be scanned during the maximum increase phase with a reduction in the total amount of contrast administered. Although the spiral technique is seldom used to examine the orbit in adults given the small volume to investigate, it is particular indicated in uncooperative patients (children or trauma patients).

Research on ROI Image Processing Technology of Teleoperation Construction Robot Based on Trinocular Stereo Vision

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 2581-2584
Author(s):  
Ming De Gong ◽  
Bo Tian ◽  
Yue Ning ◽  
Wei Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Robot System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Calibration Algorithm

Digital image has a large quantity of image data and long time for transmitting. It affects the real-time of the teleoperation robot system. According to the basic principle of human eye identifying objects and image blurry processing, a new image processing method of simulating human eye range of interest (ROI) is proposed. The method uses the calibration algorithm of three-dimensional stereo target and the Gauss blurred principle. The non-ROI region is blurred to hierarchy for extracting the feature and measurement to finish the image processing tasks. The experimental results showed that the quality of the images was assured and the transmission time was shorted. The real-time of the teleoperation robot system was also guaranteed.

scholarly journals DICOM format: definition and practical use in vascular medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean François Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Training ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vascular Medicine ◽  
Anatomical Structures

The imaging is essential in vascular medicine for diagnosis and treatment. New imaging techniques since the advent of the spiral CT scan, invented by Hounsfield and Mac Cormack in 1972, brought us a revolution in whole medicine. This has been possible thanks to the development of new standards for imaging, particularly DICOM format. The aim of this paper is to explain what is DICOM and how we use it in vascular medicine. DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standards) is an universal worldwide format used for medical imaging for all vascular investigation techniques: sonography, CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This format allows 3D reconstruction of the patient's anatomy and gives access to quantification of all anatomical structures of the body, in particular of the vessels. It is achieved with dedicated software called DICOM browsers. These new tools of tridimensional (3D) modeling of the vessels bring us more accurate data of vascular anatomy. They make us enter in an era of new endoscopic and surgical techniques fully based on the image data, and so open the way for simulation, training and augmented reality.

Research on 3D Modeling System Based on Binocular Vision Image Acquisition

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 640-643
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Ru Gao ◽  
Chun Yan Liu ◽  
Ya Wei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Ccd Sensor

Three-dimensional modeling of the image acquisition system based on binocular computer vision scanning system scene with MCU processing the two-dimensional image data collected by the CCD sensor, and complete the image binarization processing using hardware, to improve the efficiency of the image processing; using timing delay analysis circuit the edge of the identification image characteristics, the data amount of the compression of the image processing; will be collected by the CCD sensor the two-dimensional image data transmission to a computer, thereby effectively shortening the transmission time of the data.

Three Dimensional Simulation and Repair of Skull Maxilla and Dentition Based on CT Scanning and Laser Sintering Technologies

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 1857-1861
Author(s):  
Gong Xing Yan ◽  
Xiao Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Modeling Material ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Obtain a prosthesis and carry out maxillofacial repair by rapid prototyping technology on the basis of three dimensional finite element model of maxilla skull and dentition which is obtained through preliminary restoration done on a skull exemplar as modeling material and through spiral CT scanning and three dimensional imaging technologies. Thus, a vivid restored three dimensional biomechanical model and prosthesis of maxilla skull and dentition is obtained, based on which, the form and functions can be restored well after repair. Individual defect model and prosthesis model can be built according to different plans designed for different patients. By which, a complete idea for maxilla and dentition repair can be achieved with pleasing in appearance on patients, low cost and less post-operative complications.

scholarly journals High-throughput three-dimensional visualization of root system architecture of rice using X-ray computed tomography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Teramoto ◽  
Satoko Takayasu ◽  
Yuka Kitomi ◽  
Yumiko Arai-Sanoh ◽  
Takanari Tanabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Crown Roots

Abstract Background: Plants adjust their root system architecture (RSA) against changing environments to optimize their growth. Nondestructive phenotyping of roots beneath the soil not only reveal the response of RSA against environmental stimuli but also allow for designing an ideal RSA for crop cultivation. Generally, roots beneath the soil surface are three-dimensionally visualized using X-ray computed tomography (CT). However, root isolation from X-ray CT images involves a longer time; in addition, CT scanning and reconstruction processes require longer periods. For large-scale root phenotyping, a shorter image acquisition time is required. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a high-throughput pipeline to visualize rice RSA consisting of radicle and crown roots in the soil, from X-ray CT images.Results: We performed the following three processes to develop the pipeline. First, we used calcined clay with uniform soil particle size as the soil substrate. The size of voids between the soil particles was less than the scanning resolution, resulting in a clear root shape in the CT images. Second, we optimized the parameters for rapid X-ray CT scanning. Higher tube voltage and current produced the highest root-to-soil contrast images. Third, we used a 3-D median filter to reduce noise, and an edge detection alogism to isolate the root segments. The detection limits of the root diameters of the pots of diameters 16 cm and 20 cm were 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively. Because the crown root diameter of rice is generally higher than 0.2 mm, almost all crown roots could be visualized. Our condition allows for simultaneously performing CT scanning and reconstruction by a high-performance computing technology. Consequently, our pipeline visualizes rice RSA in the soil, requiring less than 10 min (33 s, if a rough image is acceptable) for CT scanning and reconstruction, and 2 min for image processing to visualize rice RSA. We scanned the roots of the upland rice (considered in this study) daily, and our pipeline successfully visualized the root development dynamics over three weeks. Conclusions: We developed a rapid three-dimensional visualization method to visualize rice RSA in the soil using X-ray CT and a fully automated-image processing method known as RSAvis3D. Our methodology allows for high-throughput measuring and requires no manual operators in image processing, thereby providing a potentially efficient large-scale root phenotyping.

Broad application of non-invasive imaging techniques to echinoids and other echinoderm taxa*

Zoosymposia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER ZIEGLER
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Tomographic imaging techniques such as micro-computed tomography (μCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permit the gathering of digital anatomical data from whole animal specimens non-invasively. The resulting datasets can be used for direct observation of the two-dimensional tomographic image data as well as for manual and semi-automated three-dimensional modelling. Freshly fixed specimens as well as preserved museum material can be successfully ana­lyzed using this approach, giving the zoomorphologist a powerful tool for large-scale comparative studies. In order to demonstrate the principle suitability of non-invasive imaging in echinoderm research, μCT scans of 199 and MRI scans of 92 sea urchin (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) species were acquired, resulting in a total of 203 analyzed echinoid species. The taxa selected represent 50 of the currently recognized 60 extant sea urchin families. The present article lists all spe­cies that have been analyzed so far and provides information about the scanning parameters employed for each dataset. Furthermore, the workflow established to generate three-dimensional models of sea urchins is outlined. Using a number of examples from μCT as well as MRI scans performed on echinoids, the potential of the systematic approach described here is highlighted. Finally, the suitability of non-invasive imaging techniques for the study of other echinoderm taxa is assessed based on multimodal datasets of representative species.

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